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Publishers of THE DAILY*, ^UNDAY & V?EEr\LY (OURIER 

i'liu Sbwiw SUA 6o. §8uf 



T H K 



Industries of Buffalo 



A RESUME OF THE 



Mercantile and Manufacturing Progress 



OF THE 



QUEEN CITY~oFfireLAKES, 



TOGETHER WITH A 



C NDENSED SUMMARY OF HER MATERIAL 
DEVELOPMENT AND HISTORY 



SERIES OF COMPREHENSIVE SKETCHES 



OF HER 



REPRESENTATIVE BUSINESS HOUSES. 



BUFFALO, N. Y. 
THE ELSTNER PUBLISHING COMPANY. 

1887. 




OUR ILLUSTRATIONS. 



r.i rvAxo boasts of manj costly and imposing buildings, public and private, devoted to a 
variety,.!' purposea The most conspicuous examples of architectural embellishment are the 
dry and i '"ii in; y Ball (shown on page 6), the Buffalo Library and Arl Building [page I s ). and 
the new Music Hall (page •>>. Bomi description of these fine structures will not be out of 
place here, 

Bl i i Mi. Library and Art Building. 

This fine .-inn lure may well be called the pride of Buffalo. The building forms an 
irregular triangle, the apez oJ which fronts on Washington street and the base on Ellicott 
the two long sides facing — main front on Broadway 300 feet, rear front on Clinton 
street 800 feet The edifice is of Hulberton red sandsone, brick and terra cotta, with red 
Blate roof, and is fire proof throughout. Including the ground, the entire cost was about 
Work was commenced in September of 1N84, and the finishing touches will be 
added this spring. Ii was, however, formally opened February 7th, and is occupied by the 
Buffalo Library Association, the Buffalo Historical Society, the Buffalo Academy of Fine 
Arts, and the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences. All of the main floor and a portion of the 
second are devoted to the library, the arrangements being of the most perfect kind, with a 
capacity for 170,000 volumes, the association now owning 57,000 volumes. The basement, 
on a level with Ellicott street by reason of the descending grade, is the home of the Society 
of Natural Sciences. That portion of the second floor not required for library purposes is 
occupied by the Fine Arts Academy, and the third floor by the Buffalo Historical Society. 
All in all. the building is one of the most substantial and elegant ever erected for the purpose, 
and a credit to the Library Association and the city. The Association was organized in 1886; 
present officers : President, Jcwett M. Richmond; treasurer, John L. Williams; curator, 
Herbert P. Bissell; directors, Frank F.Williams, Charles A. Pooley, Porter Norton, E. 
('Mining Townsend ; real estate commissioner, Charles D. Marshall ; superintendent, Josephus 
N. Larned. 

Buffalo Music Hall. 

This handsome new edifice, to be completed during the summer of 1SS7, is the property 
of the German Young Men's Association, and was erected to replace the former Music Hall, 
built in 1882-83, and burned March 25, 1885. The work of restoration was begun in August, 
1885, and the corner-stone laid May 31, 1886. The dimensions are, 190 feet front by 200 feet 
deep; style, romanesque; cost, about $200,000. The front is of red sandstone, the rear and 
side walls of brick. The Main-street front will contain grand entrance ways ; on the 
ground floor will be located a drug-store or confectionery, library, restaurant, bowling alley 
and banquet-room; on the second floor a small music hall (seating capacity, 1,130), assembly- 
rooms, singing society quarters, offices, etc. In the rear is the grand music hall (seating 
capacity, 5,100), dressing-rooms, etc. The society was originally organized in 1841, and 
incorporated in 1846. 

The City and County Hall, 

built at a cost of §1,400,000, and dedicated in March, 1870, is of granite, with a tower con- 
taining an electrical illuminated clock, and is adorned with four representative statues. It is 
three stories high, not including a finished basement, and furnishes quarters for all the city 
and county officers as well as the courts. 



Copyrighted, 1887, Press op 

I'v the THE COURIER COM TAN Y, 

I LSTNEB PI BUSHING COMPANY. Buffalo, N. Y. 



- 



PREFACE. 



TN preparing the historical chapters of this work, and those treating 

of the commerce and material interests of Buffalo, the editor has been 
guided by a regard for plain facts plainly stated in concise and intelligible 
terms rather than by affectation of a florid style. As a result that 
department of "The Industries of Buffalo" will be found a mine 
of valuable information such, we believe, as has never before been crystal- 
ized into so brief a space for the instruction and entertainment of those 
already interested, or whom it may be desirable to interest in the Queen 
City of the Lakes, her varied resources, attractions and advantages as a 
place of residence and of business. 

Necessarily our space is limited, and matters of minor importance have 
as a rule either received only cursory attention or have been passed by in 
silence as having no bearing upon the subject in hand. At the same time 
we must confess that Buffalo offers a most inviting field for the exercise of 
literary talent, there being ample material here both of fact and legend to 
employ the pens of historian and novelist for years to come. 

In this connection we desire to publicly tender our acknowledgments for 
favors and assistance to those obliging and public-spirited citizens who have 
extended to us that aid and encouragement without which our efforts must 
have come to naught. Conspicuous among these are ex-President Wright 
and Secretary Thurstone, of the Merchants' Exchange; President Sweet, of 
the Third National Bank; Barnes, Hengerer & Co., Geo. W. Tiff fc, Sons & 
Co., Root & Keating, Walbridge & Co., John F. Moulton, David S. Bennett, 
Alonzo Richmond, John Wilkeson, P. P. Pratt, W. W. Walker, Frederick 
W. Bell, Cosack & Co., The Courier Company, and many others. 

With these few prefatory remarks we submit the result of our labors to 
an indulgent public, and hope the reader may enjoy its perusal as well as 
we have its compilation. 



CONTE NTS 



PAGE. 

Our Illustrations 2 

The Past 7-16 

The Present 17-24 

The Press 25-29 

Merchants' Exchange 30-32 

Eailroads 33-38 

Commerce 39—50 

The Grain Trade 51-56 

The Erie Canal 57-65 

Utilizing Niagara 66-71 

Representative Houses .• 72-258 

Index 259-262 

Advertisements 263-276 



PROMINENT ILLUSTRATIONS. 



PAGE. 

Niagara Falls 4 

City and County Hall 6 

The Buffalo Library 18 

New Government Building 24 

M erch ants' Exchange 30 

Great Water Route (Map) 39 

International Bridge 50 

Music Hall 58 

The Genesee Hotel 65 

Buffalo German Insurance Co.'s Building 71 

Barnes, Hengerer & Co.'s Great Iron Block 72 

Richmond Elevator 80 

Niagara Elevator 89 

Cosack & Co.'s Lithographic Establishment. 94 

Frontier Elevator 108 

Exchange Elevator 117 

Richmond Block 122 

City and Tifft Elevators. 162 

Brush Electric Light Co.'s Works 186 

Buffalo Wood Vulcanizing Co.'s Works 218, 219, 220 

Bennett Elevator 223 

Associated Elevators 250, 252 



THE PAST. 



ABORIGINAL OCCUPANTS— ADVENT OF THE WHITE MAN- 
SETTLEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT. 



&REAT cities are never the result of accident, but invariably the out- 
growth of natural and artificial conditions clearly defined and un- 
questionable in their existence and influences. The most important 
natural conditions are salubrity of climate, convenient geographical loca- 
tion, fertility of soil in the adjacent agricultural region, and, above all, 
accessibility to navigable waters — for all history bears witness that no rich, 
populous and prosperous community has ever flourished and grown power- 
ful without commerce, and, hitherto at least, commerce has always been 
dependent upon riparian communication with the outside world. In all of 
these things Buffalo has been and is peculiarly blessed. Her climate is a 
delightful one at all seasons, the excessive heats of summer and killing 
blasts of winter so much dreaded by the inhabitants of less favored regions 
being almost unknown, as are also the sudden and dangerous changes of 
temperature common to most latitudes. Mr. Alonzo Richmond, a leading 
citizen, who for many years has been a close student of the weather, recently 
said : " Buffalo has a remarkably fine climate as compared with some inland 
localities, and it is not generally known how much we owe to our geograph- 
ical position. We are located at the foot of Lake Erie, which is immediately 
southwest of us, and as the prevailing winds in this latitude are from the 
southwest, we have, even in summer, moderately cool weather, and the same 
conditions modify our climate in winter. The lake, once it is thoroughly 
warmed, takes some time to cool, and it is only in the latter end of the 
winter season, or the early spring, that we have anything like severe 
weather. Probably no city in the Union has a more ecpiable climate, or one 
where the seasons glide more imperceptibly into each other. Our coldest 
winds are from the northeast, but our climate is cooler in summer and 
milder in winter than that of either Cleveland or Chicago. And why ? 
Because they receive their winds over land; we receive ours tempered by a 
sheet of water. I maintain that for manufacturing as well as for residence 
purposes no city on this continent is more favorably situated than Buffalo. 
Rarely do we hear of a case of sunstroke in this city, and we never have a 
zero temperature in winter to extend over many successive days. Both east 
and west of us the climate is much more severe. At Albany. Syracuse, and 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



south as far as Binghamton, thev have colder weather than we. From our 
raphical position we arc also free from cyclones. Ourselves about GOO 
above Bea level, we are protected by the hills southwest of us at Chau- 
tauqua, at Last 1/200 feel above the level of the sea. Lake Erie is, I be- 
lieve, about 300 feet higher than Lake Ontario. Well, a cyclone or whirl- 
wind' needs a level country, needs to have a free circuit, but any breeze com- 
ing around from the lake uecessarily strikes the Chautauqua hills, which 
break the force of the wind and send it harmlessly over our heads. Winds 
coming around by Lake Ontario are also broken by the hills intervening 
between Ontario and Lake Erie. That is my explanation of why the 
devastating winds thai play such havoc in other places are not experienced 
in Buffalo. We have occasionally, it is true, a pretty high wind, giving us 
high water for a while, but the force of our winds is no greater than the 
average of cities in this latitude. With her fine supply of pure Niagara 
water, Buffalo ought to be one of the cleanest, as she is one of the healthiest 
of American cities. In 1873 the wind's velocity in this city aggregated 
;ii, ;>:>:> miles, as against 87,921 for New York, 86,120 for Philadelphia, 
86^760 for Chicago, and 79,766 for Cleveland." 

Sergeant Cuthbertson of the signal service says the average rainfall is not 
more than thirty-seven to forty inches for the year. The lowest temperature 
since 1870 in Buffalo was 13.5 below zero- on January 25, 1884, and the next 
lowest was 13 below on February 9, 1875. The maximum temperature in 
1873 was 85.5, and in 1886 it was 86.7, showing but little difference in the 
character of the summers. Barely does the summer temperature of Buffalo 
go into the nineties. There are but two instances of this on record during 
the past sixteen years, viz.: June 30, 1878, when the mercury rose to 92, 
and August 28, 1881, when it reached 90.8. 

Her location from a commercial point of view, midway between the 
teeming East and the productive West, is a source of constant self- 
gratulation on the part of those who are so fortunate as to live and do 
business here. No more fertile or productive region exists than that com- 
prised in the counties composing Western New York, while the vast iron, 
coal, oil and natural gas resources of Western Pennsylvania and the broad 
grain fields of Ontario lie at her very doors. Stretching away to the south- 
\\r-i glitter the blue waters of Lake Erie, of which she holds the key and 
through which she reaches by means of her fleets of steam and sailing ves- 
sels the heart of the golden Northwest, the granary of the world. She is 
the natural outlet for the ores, lumber, wheat, barley, corn and provisions 
of half the continent on their way to the Atlantic and a market, and so 
wisely has she exercised her prerogatives in this matter that, notwithstand- 
ing unfair discrimination on the part of various railroad lines and the 
industrious jealousy of rival ports, she continues to maintain her supremacy 
at this end of the lakes, and if the State Legislature were half as much 
interested in developing the best interests of the State as they are in party 
polities. Buffalo would to-day be the most important grain port in the world. 
Further along, under the head of "The Grain Trade," this subject is 
treated more at length. 

A HISTORICAL SUMMARY. 

As long ago as 1 620 the French missionaries who penetrated the Canadian 
wilils as far as Lake Erie found this entire region occupied by warlike tribes 
of aborigines, the most powerful of whom were the Mohawks, Cayugas, Onon- 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



dagas, Oneidas and Senecas, the latter the strongest, most crafty and am- 
bitious, and through whose influence the famous confederation known as the 
Five Nations was organized, further strengthened at a later period by the 
accession of the Tonawandas. The Six Nations held almost undisputed 
sway until the French had established a chain of military and trading posts 
extending from Montreal via Detroit to St. Louis and down the Mississippi 
to New Orleans, Avhen the jealousy of England at last, in 1756, precipitated 
a war in which the Indians, much against their wishes, were persuaded to 
take up arms and aid in the conquest of their original friends, the French. 
This act, however, proved the destruction of Indian supremacy hereabout, 
for the English at once occupied both Canada and New York and ruled 
the savages with a rod of iron, varied only by occasional bloody outbreaks 
which were quelled, the last one occurring in 1763, when an army train was 
ambushed by a band of Senecas, a few miles below the falls, and the entire 
escort of ninety-six men killed with the exception of four. The redskins 
took no important part in the revolution, and in 1779-80 most of the 
Senecas settled about four miles up Buffalo creek and engaged in agricul- 
ture. Some ten years later the first actual white settler of Erie county 
located at the mouth of Buffalo creek, about where Washington street now 
ends, and began trading with the Indians. He was a Hollander named 
Winne, and to him unquestionably belongs the honor of founding the city 
of Buffalo. 

Previous to this time Robert Morris, the celebrated revolutionary financier, 
had become possessed, by purchase from the Indians, of vast tracts of lands 
in this vicinity, including fifty-nine square miles lying within the present 
limits of Erie county, and upon which now stands this splendid city, which 
cost the old patriot just one-third of a cent per acre. Two square miles, 
however, now lying in the heart of the city, had previously been ceded by 
the Senecas to a Lieutenant Johnson of the British army, who had 
joined the Senecas at their settlement on Buffalo creek and married a 
squaw. These lands were afterward purchased by the famous Holland 
Land Company, Johnson accepting in part payment forty acres bounded by 
Buffalo creek, Washington, Seneca and Michigan streets. This Holland 
Land Company (which, by the way, never was incorporated) was composed of 
Hollanders, whose American agents negotiated the purchase of about four- 
fifths of Morris' holdings, the Indian titles being finally extinguished in 1797 
and the property being known long after as the " Holland Purchase." The 
actual owners being aliens, an act was passed by the Legislature in 1798 to 
enable them to hold the property in their own names. They were thirteen 
in number, and their plan of operations in respect of sales was cautious and 
complicated in the extreme, requiring the individual signature of each mem- 
ber to all deeds of transfer, the last survivor only having the right to devise 
by will what might remain. Terms of payment on purchases were made so 
lenient that at last when claims were pressed the occupants rebelled and 
serious troubles ensued. All difficulties were, however, finally smoothed 
away, probably by mutual concessions, and all just titles confirmed. Joseph 
Ellicott, brother of the then Surveyor-General of the United States, was em- 
ployed by the Holland Land Company as surveyor, and to him is due the 
blame or praise of the city's odd topography, which was not original with 
him, but copied to a great extent from the curious plan of Washington city. 
He had sufficient penetration, however, to perceive the advantages of the 
location, and in 1803 made the plat from which the city has grown. Pre- 
viously the hamlet had been called, first, Lake Erie, later Buffalo Creek, but, 
1* 



10 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



by authority as representative of the owners, Ellicott rechristened it New 
Amsterdam, which clung to the place like a Dutch nightcap until 1810, 
when the present name was adopted and legalized by the General Assembly 

of the State. Ellicott was a queer bundle of qualities — at once a man of 
commoD sense and eccentric to a degree, republican and democratic in 
1 henry and aristocratic and imitative in practice, original and servile, wise 
and ridiculous, as may be supposed from the peculiar and labyrinthine plan 
of his city and his personal notions. It is related of him thai he reserved 
to himself a large piece of ground with its chief front in the centre of the 
'own. from which three of the principal streets radiated, named Vollenhoven 
avenue, Stadnitski avenue and Schimmelpennick avenue, but now known 
by the more euphonious names of Erie street, Church street and 
Niagara street. This ground comprised one hundred acres, and had a semi- 
circular boundary in the central part of the western side, as was well said, 
like a mighty bay window. Here Mr. Ellicott expected to build his palace, 
and enjoy his look-out over the great avenues after they should be lined with 
splendid buildings and become the marts of trade or the abodes of fashion. All 
this was done in 1803, when there were only about thirty-five families in the 
village, and exhibits either a most extraordinary foresight in Ellicott or else 
something akin to insanity. Happily, though the city has had to endure 
the perpetuation of most of this old-time crank's queer ideas in the matter 
of intricate streets and catty-cornered open spaces, his palace never was 
built, and the town authorities in 1809 took the bull by the horns and 
straightened Main street without regard to Ellicott's bay-window. Reform 
seems to have stopped there, however, and nothing short of a second edition 
of the Chicago fire will ever make way for a reconstruction of the manu- 
facturing district and its remodeling upon a basis of convenience and com- 
mon sense. In view of the foregoing it is not surprising to learn that five 
years after Ellicott resigned his direction of the Holland Land Company's 
interests, and the consequent loss of his only special claim to consideration 
as the leading spirit of this section, he became a melancholy misanthrope 
and ended his career by suicide in 1826. 

By special act of the Legislature in 1807 Buffalo, then a village of 
scarcely more than forty houses, mostly log, was made the seat of justice of 
Erie county, conditional upon the ceding of half an acre of ground and the 
erection of a court-house and jail thereon within three years by the Holland 
Land Company. The proposition was accepted, and the close of 180!) saw 
a comfortable frame temple of justice and stone prison completed and ready 
for occupation, on a half acre of ground on Onondaga (Washington) street. 
Pending the erection of these buildings the courts of common pleas and 
general sessions were held at Landon's tavern, which stood upon the corner 
of Exchange and Main streets. The conveyance of the court-house, jail and 
lot to the county supervisors is dated November 10, 1810, and here Mr. 
Ellicott got in his line work again, the plot of ground, surveyed by him, 
being in the form of a perfect circle, with the centre located exactly in the 
middle of Washington street. 

The first mechanic known to have located here was Asa Ransom, who 
came in 1796, a silversmith. He made every description of rude ornaments 
for the Indians, and obtained great influence over them. He afterward re- 
moved to Clarence Hollow, where he kept a tavern under the auspices of the 
Holland Land Company, and also engaged in farming, raising the first regu- 
lar crops in that vicinity. He was an energetic and capable man, and by 
1807 had risen to the position of lieutenant-colonel of the Erie county 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 11 

militia, in which capacity he gave such satisfaction that he was appointed 
sheriff in 1808, again in 1812, and for the third time in 1816. Another con- 
spicuous figure of those times was Dr. Cyrenius Chapin, who came from 
Oneida county in 1803, and was the first to practice the healing art as a 
profession in Erie county. Besides being an excellent physician the doctor 
was an enterprising, bold, impetuous man, a born leader, and popular with 
his fellow-citizens. He it was who organized and led the night expedition 
of boats from this side which in October, 1812, cut out and captured two 
armed British vessels lying at anchor off Fort Erie. Two Americans were 
killed and five wounded, while the British loss was seventy-one. Some forty 
American soldiers, captured at the River Raisin, were recaptured, and the 
vessels brought safely to this side of the river. It was a brilliant achieve- 
ment, and all engaged in it acquitted themselves most creditably. The next 
year Dr. Chapin was appointed sheriff, a position which he resigned to 
accept a commission as lieutenant-colonel of militia, serving with distinction 
until his capture by the British at the time of the burning of Buffalo. He 
was kept a prisoner in Canada for a year or more, returning upon the resto- 
ration of peace, when he took an active part in the rebuilding and advance- 
ment of the town, never relaxing his interest in all that concerned her 
welfare until the hour of his death, in 1839. Many other noble men made 
their way to Buffalo in those early days of the century, and we have been thus 
particular in our reference to Mr. Ransom and Dr. Chapin because they were 
typical pioneers and good examples of the earnest, brave and energetic class 
who rescued this now rich and powerful section from the wilderness and 
caused it to blossom as the rose. 

The Buffalo Gazette, the pioneer newspaper, was first issued in October, 
1811, and unquestionably exercised great influence in the development of 
the town for many years, discussing questions of public policy with great 
ability, encouraging the struggling citizens, urging public improvements, 
and carrying to distant centers of civilization the news of the frontier and 
a cordial invitation to the young, the strong, the skillful and the hopeful to 
come hither and help in the work of erecting a commercial and industrial 
metropolis. The breaking out of the war of 1812 interrupted the progress 
of affairs lor some years, but the good seeds already sown sprang up with 
the return of peace and the resumption of peaceful avocations. The pub- 
lic schools, established in 1811, were re-opened as soon as suitable provision 
could be made, manufactures, ship-building and all the useful arts were 
fostered, and an era of unexampled prosperity followed the withdrawal of 
the opposing armies. It is interesting, however, to note the part taken by 
Buffalo and Western and Northern New York in that memorable struggle, 
several of the fiercest fights on the northern frontier having taken place 
within hearing distance of the then village, and at least one — the successful 
defense of Fort Erie by an American garrison — within sight of the excited 
citizens. The battles of Chippewa and Lundy's Lane were fought on the 
Canada side of the Niagara river, between Buffalo and the falls, and in 
both the American arms were successful. As before stated, however, Buf- 
falo was burned to the ground, with the exception of the jail and two 
residences, December 30, 1813, a strong force of British regulars and 
Indians having crossed at Black Rock the previous night with that object. 
The militia, under Lieut.-Col. Chapin, made an ineffectual resistance, but 
most of them escaped, carrying with them a portion of the government 
stores. Rebuilding was commenced in 1815. 

The village had been chartered in April of 1813, but it was found neces- 



12 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



sary to secure a new charter, which was obtained April 5, 1816, and from 
that time dates the real growth of the place, which was truly wonderful for 
those times. A pier was built and the harbor formally opened to commerce 
in 1823, a third charter having been granted the previous year. The citi- 
zens were fully awake to the advantages of the place as related to navigation, 
and cheerfully contributed of their means for the removal of the bar and 
the permanent maintenance of harbor facilities — a work in which they were 
in later years aided by liberal appropriations by Congress. 

In 1822 Millard Fillmore, a Cayuga county farm lad, who had served an 
apprenticeship to the tailoring business, arrived here. He had already made 
some progress in the study of law, and devoted himself to the profession, 
teaching school to maintain himself meanwhile. In 1828 he was elected to 
the Legislature, again in 1829, and again in 1830. He was afterward 
elected thrice to Congress, in 1832, in 1835 and in 1838. In 1847 he was 
made State Comptroller, and in 1849 nominated for the vice-presidency on 
the ticket with Zachary Taylor. The Whigs were victorious, but in July 
General Taylor died, and Mr. Fillmore became President. His administra- 
tion was marked by conservatism throughout, the most exciting event being 
the passage and approval of the famous fugitive slave law — a piece of legis- 
lation that unquestionably had a mighty bearing in a passive way upon the 
subsequent history of the country — the organization of the Republican party, 
the Kansas troubles, the John Brown raid into Virginia, secession, the great 
civil war, and emancipation. Mr. Fillmore returned to Buffalo upon the 
inauguration of his successor, James Buchanan, and resumed the practice 
of law, enjoying the confidence and respect of his fellow-citizens generally 
up to the time of his death, March 8, 1875. 

The most remarkable Buffalonian of his time — early in the '30s — was 
Benjamin Rathbun, who made his debut here as proprietor of the Eagle 
Tavern. He was mentally constructed somewhat on the order of Law of 
South Sea bubble notoriety, and had visions of wealth and grandeur such as 
few men have ever entertained. He was full of enterprise, but the story 
of his operations reads like a chapter from the " Arabian Wights." He 
speculated in lands upon a vast scale, planned mammoth improvements, 
and had the rare faculty of interesting others in his ill-advised ventures. 
Mr. Howells writes of him : " One of his buildings, of which he actually 
laid the foundation, was a vast hotel and exchange (on the very spot that 
Joseph Ellicott had reserved for himself, whereon to erect his mansion, at 
the time of laying out the town), which was to occupy the whole square be- 
tween Main, North and South Division and Washington streets, the rotunda 
of which was to be 260 feet high. This hotel was to stand opposite the 
churches, where the three grand avenues, Erie, Church and Niagara streets, 
give a character of imperial magnificence to the view. Rathbun also laid 
out a great city at Niagara Falls, the lots of which were to be sold at 
auction, the sale to continue as many days as might be necessary to dispose 
of them all. This was in 1836, when the flush times were at their height, 
but in the midst of the sale he was arrested on the charge of committing 
some stupendous forgeries on a Philadelphia capitalist. When confronted 
by his victim he confessed that those were not a tithe of what he had per- 
petrated. He had been going on for years in this business, taking up one 
set of forged notes, as they became due, by the substitution of another set of 
forged notes. All his building projects were immediately dropped, but the 
workmen received their pay, though it absorbed nearly the whole of the 
assets of the estate. Rathbun was brought to trial, convicted and sentenced 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 13 

to five years in the State prison. After serving his full time he took up his 
old business of hotel keeping in New York city, and again became com- 
paratively a rich man. The panic in Buffalo occasioned by the disastrous 
termination of Kathbun's enterprises, and the destruction of confidence be- 
tween man and man, brought on a condition of hard times here without 
a parallel either before or since ; even the long season of depression com- 
mencing with 1873 was trifling as compared with it. Rathbun may then 
well be characterized as the evil genius of the place." 

So far as Buffalo's material interests are concerned, the year 1825 was the 
greatest she ever saw. A former historian writes : "That year marked the 
completion of the Erie canal — Dewitt Clinton's monument — a work that 
did more for the future of the place than any one thing ever attempted 
since. Nearly twenty years before (1807), the great project of uniting the 
Atlantic with the lakes was discussed, but the country was yet too new and 
too poor to plunge into such a mighty work. The idea, however, that such 
was possible gradually gained strength. It took ten years, though, from 
its first inception till ground was broken for what proved to be one of the 
most important works of internal improvement that had up to that time 
been made in any country. Governor De Witt Clinton, the acknowledged 
champion of the scheme, gave it untiring support, and succeeding in 
removing all obstacles, although its enemies were earnest in opposing it. 
For a long time it remained undecided where its western terminus should 
be placed, as Buffalo and Black Rock were about equally divided in their 
advantages and disadvantages. At length it was ascertained that the harbor 
of Buffalo could be satisfactorily improved in depth and safety, and the 
canal was ordered to terminate there. At the time of the opening, in 1825, 
it was generally known as the Grand canal, but shortly afterward it became 
known as the Erie canal. At this time Buffalo contained a population of 
2,412, but the opening of the gates of the canal at once gave its progress 
a new vigor. The canal became the medium of shipment between the 
rapidly settling West and the East, and as Buffalo was the western entry 
port to the great highway, it naturally increased in population, resulting in 
the census of 1830 showing that there were 8,668 inhabitants within the 
town limits. On every hand evidences of advancement were manifest, and 
people poured in until the numbers made the reorganization of the village 
necessary. A city charter was applied for, and the act incorporating the 
city of Buffalo was passed April 20, 1832, which divided the city into five 
wards. The charter provided for the formation of a common council, con- 
sisting of two members from each ward, who elected the mayor, which this 
body continued to do until 1840, since which time he has been elected by 
the people. The mayor acted as president of the council, and so continued 
until 1853, at which date the charter was revised, Black Rock annexed, and 
the council empowered to elect one of their own body as president. The 
city, being then greatly enlarged, was redistricted and divided into thirteen 
wards, with two members of council from each, said members being the 
board of aldermen. The city was now placed upon a substantial foundation, 
and the future looked bright and prosperous. Buffalo, in common with all 
industrial and commercial communities, suffered severely from the panic of 
183?, but, like other enterprising towns, gradually recovered from its effects 
and became more bustling and prosperous than ever." 

In 1842 the grain elevator was first adapted to steam power and applied 
to the unloading of lake vessels and canal-boats by Joseph Dart, a fuller 



14 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



account of which revolution of methods will be found in our chapter 
entitled ''The Grain Trade." 

In 1847 it became evident that the harbor accommodations were becom- 
ing daily more and more inadequate to the rapidly increasing demands of 
an expanding commerce, consequent upon Western development. Hon. 
George W. Clinton writes that in this emergency all classes, regardless of 
party and private ends, concurred in sanctioning an enlarged system of 
improvement, which when completed would sutlice for the ever-expanding 
rommerce of a century to come. This system, having been carefully 
matured by a joint committee of the citizens and of the common council, 
was adopted at a general meeting of the citizens on the 21st and by the 
council on the 24th of August, 1847. The plan contemplated primarily the 
completion by the State of the Main and Hamburg Street canal, and two 
large basins, the Ohio and the Erie, with slips connecting them with the 
canal, the Ohio basin to have an area of ten acres, and to be connected with 
the Buffalo creek about a mile from the mouth ; the Erie basin to be three 
hundred feet wide and a half mile in length, extending from the north side 
of the entrance of the harbor toward Black Rock — both to be of a depth 
sufficient for the largest craft. The State made appropriation for the exe- 
cution of these great works contingent upon the city's extinguishing the 
individual titles to the necessary lands, which was done, and contracts were 
immediately let and active operations at once begun upon a series of improve- 
ments that when completed more than quadrupled the shipping capacity of 
the wharves. The succeeding ten years were the most active Buffalo had 
ever seen, and trade and manufactures, navigation and railroad building 
flourished. Elevators, factories, mills, mercantile blocks, residences, 
churches and school-houses went up as by magic, and the proud and 
ambitious city became the intra-continental and international metropolis to 
which all eyes were directed. Fleets of splendid steameis and sailing craft 
brought to her doors the teeming products of the West, which were from 
here transferred by canal and rail to the seaboard, the returning trains and 
boats bringing machinery and manufactured goods in a thousand forms for 
transportation to consumers in the forests of Indiana or the prairies of Illi- 
nois, and for the use of pioneers further west. Buffalo held the key to the 
only great artery of trade, and levied a legitimate tribute upon all that 
passed. Her population grew at an amazing rate. The increase is thus 
stated from official figures, beginning with 1830, when the census showed 
8.668 residents; 1835, 15,661; 1840,18,213; 1845,29,773; 1850,42,261; 
1855, 74,414. The receipts of western grain for 1850 aggregated 6,000,000 
bushels ; for 1855, 20,000,000 bushels, and business in all lines partook of 
the same wonderful augmentation in a greater or less degree. 

The period from 1855 to 1860 was the most depressing that has ever 
overtaken Buffalo. The panic of 1857 was ruinous in its consequences to 
many of her most energetic and enterprising men, and trade and manufac- 
tures were paralyzed. The railroads were gradually absorbing the carrying 
trade when the completion of the canal enlargement again opened that 
grand artery, and aided more than any other one cause in the restoration of 
confidence and the resuscitation of public spirit — the inauguration of an era 
of prosperity which continued, with a temporary check at the beginning of 
the great civil war, up to the tremendous financial panic of 1873, and from 
which Buffalo, already dependent upon railroads and manufactures for her 
business welfare, was one of the severest of sufferers. She had but little 
more than recovered from the effects of that siege of adversity when the 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 15 

last season of business depression, lasting from 1880 to 1884, began, but her 
merchants, financiers, manufacturers, shippers and industrial classes gener- 
ally had learned much in the past; they were prudent, conservative and 
cautious, and Buffalo was among the first of progressive communities 
to feel and profit by the returning tide of healthful business activity that 
has characterized the past two years and presents such hopeful prospects 
for the future. 

The war period was one rather of political excitement than of material 
progress, yet Buffalo made considerable advances in population and wealth, 
besides contributing generously of men and means for the preservation of 
the Union. But in all the past, wonderful as has been her progress at 
times, Buffalo has never given such evidences of substantial growth and 
improvement as during the last semi-decade, and more particularly within 
the two or three years just concluded, the building operations for 1886 
involving an outlay of not less than $5,000,000, with which street exten- 
sion and improvements necessarily kept pace. Referring to this latter phase 
of improvement, the Express of January 9, 1887, says: '■' There were 
opened since January 1, 1886, 12,162 lineal feet of streets. That is to 
say, the legal proceedings taken by the city to acquire the necessary lands 
completed and the awards of the appraising commissioners made, with one 
or two exceptions, and confirmed by the courts, hi most cases the actual 
opening of the streets to public traffic awaits only the confirmation of the 
assessment rolls to pay for the improvement. Lineal feet to the number 
of 12,162 opened this year for streets! More than in any single year 
before. In New York City, where growth in its northern parts continues 
to be very brisk, there were opened during 1885, 7,900 feet. Besides all 
this there was considerable widening and straightening of streets to keep in 
the line of growth and progress, and there were taken by the city fourteen 
acres of land to furnish new breathing spots for the increasing population. 
The Rumseys gave up twelve acres adjoining the park for $30,000, and the 
Bennett park property cost $104,577.90." 

Unquestionably much of Buffalo's recent rapid advance and growing 
fame is due to the enfranchisement of Niagara under an act of the Legisla- 
ture, which passed the Assembly March 14, 1883, and the Senate April 18 
following, under the provisions of which appraisers were appointed and 
$1,433,429.50 awarded the owners of " Goat Island, Bath Island, the Three 
Sisters, Bird Island, Luna Island, Chapin Island, the small islands adjacent 
to said islands in the Niagara river, the bed of the river between said 
islands and the New York mainland, the bed of the river between (Jour 
Island and the Canadian boundary, and a strip of land beginning nour IWt 
Day in the village of Niagara Falls, running along the shore of said river to 
and including Prospect Park and the cliff and debris slope ; and including 
also, at the east end of said strip, not exceeding one acre of land for purposes 
convenient to said reservation, and also including all lands at the foot of 
said falls, and all lands in said river adjoining said islands and the other 
lands described." The grasping owners, who for three-quarters of a century 
had enjoyed a monopoly of this mighty wonder of nature, with its vast 
water power and speculative possibilities, demanded a total of about 
$20,000,000 for the property, which, it is pleasant to know, they failed to 
get. The result of the State's firm assertion of the right of eminent 
domain is that Niagara is free to all who choose to visit and enjoy its awe- 
inspiring beauties. It was appropriately inaugurated and dedicated July 15, 
1885, with religious, civic and military exercises, in the presence of the 



16 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



governors of New York and Ontario and a brilliant assemblage of eminent 
statesmen, clergy, civilians and soldiers. The State of New York holds, 
and will for all time continue to hold, control of this grand property, in 
trust for mankind, that it may be preserved in all of its wild and startling 
beauty for the enjoyment of remotest generations. It was a noble work, 
nobly done. 

The Tugby building and the pulp mill, the only buildings remaining on 
the shore of the river in the Niagara Falls reservation, will soon be 
removed. By next summer the toll-house on the bridge and the restaurant 
on Goat Island, as well as the mill, will have disappeared, and Niagara will 
be practically restored to its natural conditions so far as possible. The 
administration of the reservation-trust continues enlightened and governed 
by good taste and publicspirit. 




THE PRESENT. 



GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION, GENERAL APPEARANCE, POPU- 
LATION AND CORPORATE EXTENT— LOCAL INTERESTS- 
BANKS— MANUFACTURES, ETC. 



TTTHE beautiful and powerful city of Buffalo is situated most eligibly at 
r I M the foot or eastern end of Lake Erie at its junction with the Niagara 
river, in latitude 42 deg. 53 min. north and longitude 78 deg. 55 min. 
west, 293 miles northwest of New York city. The navigable waters of the 
great lakes stretch away from her feet westward and northwestward for a dis- 
tance of more than 1,200 miles, while the various railroads centering here pro- 
vide communication directly or through their branches and connections with 
every portion of the North American continent accessible to the iron horse 
— the Canadas, New England, the Middle and Southern States, the vast 
Northwest, the Pacific slope, the far Southwest and Mexico. She has a 
superb water front of some six or seven miles, and a secure and excellent 
harbor extending about two miles along the Buffalo river, which empties 
into the lake and the Niagara in front of the city. A fine government 
breakwater 4000 feet in length, supplemented by a similar city work of 1,500 
feet, protect the entrance to the harbor, whose shores are lined from end to 
end with vast elevators, warehouses and factories. Basins, docks, slips and 
other conveniences, including the Erie canal itself, provide ample conven- 
iences for the handling of all kinds of craft, and it is estimated that the 
navigable water front is at least eighteen miles in extent, kept in excellent 
condition throughout the season by means of dredges and a regular system 
of repairs. In point of commerce and manufactures Buffalo ranks second 
only to New York, while in population she is the third city in the State, a 
careful estimate making her the home of about 245,000 souls at this time. 
The residence portion of the city (comprising beautifully built, broad, well- 
shaded and handsome streets, public parks and open squares, with many 
grass-grown triangular spaces — left vacant by Ellicott's topographical 
vagaries) is to the full as attractive as can be found anywhere, and in sum- 
mer no more delightful place of sojourn could be desired, while even the 
winter season, with its copious snows and comparatively moderate temper- 
ature, is full of healthy pleasure. The architectural attractions of the 
principal business streets are many, and constant improvement bids fair to 



TEE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



ill 77/ y 



I 




THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 19 

render them in time the peers of any thoroughfares in America. The pub- 
lic buildings, embracing the City and County Hall, the Library building;, 
the Music Hall, Postoffice, etc., we illustrate and describe in their appropri- 
ate places. 

Buffalo embraces within her corporate limits a little nfore than thirty- 
nine and a half (39.599) square miles of territory, intersected by 651.96 miles 
of streets, of which 151.96 miles are paved (30.75 with asphalt, the remainder 
with stone), and 500 miles are still to be completed. There are within 
the city 163.93 miles of sewers, many miles of track operated by the New 
York Central, Erie, Lake Shore, Belt Line, Buffalo Creek and other railroad 
companies, and some twenty-five miles of street railways. 

The total valuation of real estate for taxation, as shown by the assessors' 
report, foots up $113,963,445; total personal, $8,405,225 ; total collections 
$2,113,685.24 ; total receipts for licenses {vide Comptroller's report), 1886 
$14,198.33; total bonded city debt, January 1, 1887, $8,283,775.67, less 
$176,721.53 in the treasury. Total taxes and assessments for 1886, $3,844,- 
096.02 ; street extension, park and sewer bonds issued, $312,844. 03 ; increase 
of bonded debt for year, $233,041.74; premiums on sales of bonds, $17,- 
496.10. The Treasurer's report shows total receipts from all sources, 1886, 
$5,914,128.16; disbursements, $4,653,639.20; cash on hand December 21, 
$1,260,488.96. The Engineer reports 18.2-5 miles of streets paved with 
stone and asphalt at a cost of $1,006,784.84; in addition to which sixteen 
miles of sewer were constructed, a large amount of dredging done, side- 
walks laid, and repairs made, at an expense of $197,454.65. The cost of 
street cleaning and sprinkling for the year was $85,078.93 ; other expenses 
of street department, $27,844.94. 

The School Department is Avorthy of special attention. We find that the 
available fund for this department for the year was $751,754.41; total expen- 
ditures, $538,820.38. Number of public schools, 45; of private schools, 45. 
Attendance — public schools, 28,372; private schools, 11,995. Licensed teach- 
ers employed, 583, of whom 43 were males and 540 females. Total value 
of public school property, $1,073,935. In addition, some 1,400 pupils 
attended the night schools at a total expense of $8,224. 

Expenses of Poor Department for the year, $84,412.32. 

The report of the Health Department shows 6,476 births and 3,861 deaths; 
ratio of the former, 308 per thousand of population ; of the latter, 18.4. 

The Police Department, first and last, comprises 334 men, and cost for 
its maintenance last year about $340,000. Arrests for the year, over 9,000. 
The patrol wagon and police alarm system is about to be inaugurated. 

The Fire Department employs 228 men, 19 engines, 15 hose carts, 4 hose 
wagons, 5 chemical engines, 5 hook-and-ladder trucks, 97 horses, and 32,000 
feet of hose. There were about 500 fires and alarms during the year. 
A fire-boat will be ready for use next May. 

The water service is first-class and extends to all portions of the city. 
A new pumping engine of 15,000,000 to 20,000,000 gallons daily capacity is 
soon to be added to the present equipment, which will make the works 
equal to any in the country, superior to danger of temporary disability from 
accident, and enable them to meet all demands from fire department and 
private consumers for many years to come. The quality of water supplied 
is the best, such as is unknown save along the lakes. Eeceipts for the year, 
$480,000; expenditures, $460,923.36. 

Total expenditures on public buildings for 1886, $70,371.57. 



20 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 

From the Mayor's message we quote as follows concerning the parks — 
which, by the way, are pmong the city's chiefest attractions: 

"The only important improvement in the park system during the past 
year has been the paving of Fillmore avenue with Barber's Trinidad asphalt 
pavement, extending from the southerly line of Genesee street to the north 
line of Seneca street, a distance of nearly two miles. This work has been 
done at a total expense of $174,491.18, one-half of which was paid from the 
park fund appropriated by the Common Council and the other half assessed 
upon the abutting property. This was a much-needed improvement, and 
has proved a great benefit to the eastern section of the city. A considerable 
portion of the parkways have also been stoned and graveled, and the road- 
ways generally kept in good condition. The grounds and plantations have 
received careful attention. The parks never appeared to better advantage 
than during the past season. Important additions of territory have been 
added to the park system during the year — notably the portion bordering 
the south line of the park known as Eumsey's Grove, and two blocks of 
land on the lake shore opposite " The Front." All the public parks and 
squares in the city have been formally turned over to the Park Commis- 
sioners, who will doubtless at the proper time submit a recommendation for 
their improvement. These additions will involve a corresponding increase 
in the appropriation for park maintenance. I learn from the secretary that 
the receipts from all sources during the year up to the 22d of December 
were $150,607.87, and the expenditures $147,080.96, with some liabilities 
unliquidated." 

The city is well lighted, there being on January 1st a total of 6,763 gas 
lamps and 546 electric lights distributed in the improved portions and along 
the principal boulevards. 

A revision of the city charter to meet the demands of the times has been 
agitated from time to time, and as we write "a self-constituted committee 
of public-spirited citizens," as the Mayor characterizes them, is engaged 
upon that work, the result of their labors to be submitted to the Legislature 
for adoption or rejection when completed. 

EDUCATIONAL. 

The educational advantages of Buffalo are many and varied. Besides 
the ninety schools, public and private, mentioned in the above summary, a 
superb high school supported by the city, and State normal school, there are 
nineteen Catholic parochial schools, and a number of institutions devoted to 
higher education, as follows : State Normal School, Jersey street, between 
Thirteenth and Fourteenth ; Buffalo Female Academy, Delaware avenue ; 
St. Joseph's College, corner Church street and Delaware avenue ; Canisius 
College, No. 651 Washington street; St. Mary's Academy, No. 74 Franklin 
street ; Buffalo Classical School, No. 335 Franklin street ; the Heathcote 
School, No. 310 Pearl street ; Mrs. Curtis' Select School, No. 157 Butler 
street; Mrs. Williamson's School for Young Ladies, No. 254 Franklin 
street; English and Classical School for Boys, No. 94 Johnson place; 
Kindergarten and Training School, No. 623 Delaware avenue; St. Stephen's 
Church School, No. 300 Adams street ; Evangelican Lutheran St. John's 
Church School, No. 283 Hickory street; German Lutheran Trinity School, 
corner Goodell and Maple streets ; St. Margaret's School for Girls, corner 
Franklin and North streets; St. Andreas' School, No. 173 Sherman street; 
St. Marcus' German Evangelical School, No. 400 Oak street; German Evan- 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 21 

gelical Friedens Church School, Eagle street, foot of Monroe; St. Mary's 
Academy and Industrial School, Franklin street, near Church; St. Peter's 
Evangelical School, corner Genesee and Hickory streets; Martin Luther 
College, Maple street, near Virginia. There are also seven convents. 

Of churches there is no lack, and many of them own and support fine 
temples of worship. The congregations comprise 11 Baptist, with four 
missions; 148 Catholic, 14 Episcopal, 12 Presbyterian, 2 Congregational, 
16 Methodist, 21 Lutheran and German Evangelical, 4 Jewish, 10 miscel- 
laneous, and one Methodist, one Baptist and one Presbyterian church 
extension, supporting numerous benevolent and charitable societies. 

CHARITY ORGANIZATION SOCIETY. 

The most conspicuous and effective charity here, however, is the Charity 
Organization Society of Buffalo, for the subjoined sketch of which we are 
indebted to Secretary Rosenau : " The Charity Organization Society of 
Buffalo, N. Y., was founded in the fall of 1878 by a number of public- 
spirited citizens for the purpose of introducing advanced methods in the 
dispensation of public and private charity, the repression of mendicity and 
the prevention of pauperism. It is modeled after the Charity Organization 
Society of London, England, and was the first of some sixty similar societies 
to be established in America. Its aim is not to give actual relief, but to aid 
the worthy poor to become self-supporting, and by a system of registration 
and thorough investigation to discover and exterminate fraud in begging. 
In 1881 it was made the recipient of a large gift in trust from Benjamin 
Fitch of New York city, estimated to be worth about $300,000. In pursuance 
of the terms of the gift the society erected the Fitch Institute, a magnificent 
fire-proof building at the southwest corner of Swan and Michigan streets, 
containing, besides rooms for various purposes, a lecture hall capable of 
accommodating one thousand people. The cost of the building was about 
$140,000. In it the society now maintains a medical dispensary for the free 
treatment of the worthy poor and a hospital for the immediate and tem- 
porary treatment of the injured. The society also has in operation a wood- 
yard to give employment to men who have no work and no means of support,, 
a labor bureau for women working by the day, and also the Fitch Creche, 
a day home for the children of working women, which is located in the 
building adjoining the institute on Swan street. As soon as its income i& 
available the society will, in addition, maintain in the institute classes in 
mechanical drawing, a free reading room, a school for the instruction of 
domestics, a provident laundry, a penny savings bank, and free lecture courses 
for working people. 

" For the purposes of its regular work the society maintains two offices, 
one at No. 10 Court street and one in the Fitch Institute. It systematically 
pursues its work of investigation, and has in the course of its existence 
effected a saving to the citizens of Buffalo in the reduction of the expendi- 
tures of the poor department of nearly $500,000. The present officers of 
the society are : Edwin T. Evans, president; T. Guilford Smith, vice-presi- 
dent ; Nathaniel S. Rosenau, secretary and treasurer. Trustees — One year — 
Edward Bennett, Thomas Cary, Sherman S. Rogers, George P. Sawyer, E. 
Carlton Sprague ; two years — James H. Dormer, Edwin T. Evans, Josiah 
G. Munro, T. Guilford Smith, Ansley Wilcox; three years — John H. 
Cowing, Josephus N. Lamed, Jewett M. Richmond, Solomon Scheu, 
Sheldon T. Viele." 



22 TEE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



The libraries and reading rooms embrace the grand Buffalo Library, 
whose magnificent building is illustrated in this work, located between 
Washington, Ellicott and Clinton streets and Broadway; the free Grosvenor 
Library, corner Broadway and Washington streets; the Young Men's 
Christian Association Library and Gymnasium, corner Pearl, Mohawk and 
Genesee streets; the Buffalo Historical Society Library, lately removed to 
the Buffalo Library and Art building; the Law Library, room 23, City 
and County Hall ; Brie ( mint v Medical Society Library and Buffalo Medical 
Library Association, University of Buffalo; Women's -Educational and 
Industrial Union Library, No. 25 Niagara square; Guard of Honor Library, 
No. 620 Washington street; German Young Men's Association Library, 
Music Hall building (illustrated); Catholic Institute Library, Main and 
Chippewa streets ; Lutheran Young Men's Association Library, No. 659 
Michigan street; Young Men's Catholic Association Library and Gymna- 
sium, corner Swan and Franklin streets, and Erie Railway Library Associa- 
tion, Michigan and Exchange streets. 

The medical societies include the University of Buffalo, corner of Main 
and Virginia streets ; Medical Department of Niagara University, Ellicott 
street; Buffalo Obstetrical Society, Alumni Association, Medical Department 
University of Buffalo, Homeopathic Medical Society of Western New 
York, Medical Union, Buffalo Medical and Surgical Association, Erie 
County Medical Society, Homeopathic Medical Society of Erie County, 
Medical Club, Physicians' Club, Erie County Board of Pharmacy and Buf- 
falo College of Pharmacy, University of Buffalo. 

There are six hospitals, viz. : The Buffalo General Hospital, No. 100 
High street ; Buffalo Homeopathic Hospital, corner Cottage and Maryland 
streets; Buffalo Hospital of the Sisters of Charity, No. 1883 Main street; 
Buffalo Maternity Hospital, No. 334 Seventh street ; the Emergency Hos- 
pital, corner of South Division and Michigan streets, and St. Francis 
Hospital, No. 337 Pine street. The Buffalo State Asylum for the Insane, 
one of the most extensive, costly and well-conducted establishments of the 
kind in the United States, is located in the suburbs, near the City Park. 
The Buffalo Quarantine Hospital is at No. 762 East Ferry street. In addi- 
tion there are no less than twenty-one homes and asylums for all classes of 
unfortunates. 

There are two regiments of militia and one battery of artillery here, 
besides an independent company of military. Fort Porter, the celebrated 
government post, sadly decayed, is garrisoned by a detachment of regulars. 
Through the efforts of Hon. John M. Farquhar, M. C, a liberal appropria- 
tion has been secured and the works and buildings are to be restored at 
once. 

Buffalo is well supplied with social, literary, dramatic, political, sporting 
and other clubs, conspicuous among which may be named the " Buffalo," 
''City," "Acacia," "Press," "Gentlemen's Driving" (owners of the driving- 
park), " Oakfield," "Audubon," "Republican League," "Cleveland Democ- 
racy," " Democratic Legion," ei Buffalo Yacht," etc., while all the leading 
beneficial orders and societies, Masonic, A. 0. U. AV., Knights of Honor, 
etc., and labor organizations are well represented. No less than fifteen 
vocal and instrumental musical societies are supported. 

Of literary and scientific -societies there are many, the most prominent 
being the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences, Buffalo Fine Arts Academy, 
Buffalo Historical Society, Young Men's Association, German Young Men's 
Association, Buffalo Civil Service Association, Buffalo Horticultural Society, 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 23 

Buffalo Dental Society, Buffalo Architects' Association, and the Women's 
Educational and Industrial Union. 

There are three gas light companies — the " Buffalo," " Buffalo Mutual" 
and "Citizens" — one natural gas fuel company, and one electric light com- 
pany — the Brush, of which a more extended account is given in another 
portion of this volume. 

BANKS AND BANKING. 

The foundation of all commercial and industrial prosperity is a sound 
banking system, prudently and honestly administered. The people of New 
York State are to be envied in this respect, for they have the option of 
patronizing either the secure and unquestionable National system or the 
State system, conducted under such laws and restraints as make it in all 
respects equal, and, some believe, superior to the government plan. Here in 
Buffalo the State banking system is the favorite, and is represented by no 
less than fifteen regular, savings and private houses, while a single National 
institution enjoys the distinction of being the only bank of issue — the Third 
National, capital $250,000, surplus $60,000, of which Mr. Charles E. Sweet 
is president and Mr. Nathanial Rochester cashier. The State banks are the 
Bank of Attica, capital $250,000, surplus $75,000 ; the Manufacturers and 
Traders, capital $900,000; the Merchants, capital $300,000; the Marine 
Bank of Buffalo, the German, the Bank of Commerce, the German-Ameri- 
can, the Farmers and Mechanics, and the Bank of Buffalo. Savings banks 
— the Buffalo, the Western, the Erie County and the National. Private — 
American Exchange (late White's Bank of Buffalo), Donaldson & Co., Buf- 
falo Loan, Trust and Safe Deposit Co. 

The local insurance companies are six in number — the Buffalo German, 
the Erie County Mutual, the Union and the Harmonia Mutual, fire asso- 
ciations; the Life and Reserve Association, and the Buffalo Mutual Acci- 
dent Association. 

The aid and savings associations are thirty-one in number, all well man- 
aged and prosperous. 

MANUFACTURES. 

Notwithstanding Buffalo is concededly a manufacturing center of the 
first class, it is impossible to obtain reliable data upon which to predicate 
statistics showing the number and extent of her factories of various kinds, 
the number of operatives employed, or the volume and value of annual out- 
put — all owing to the lack of organization and non-recognition of com- 
munity of interests among those who, in their individual capacity, do so 
much toward creating the material wealth and extending the fame of the 
city. We are therefore constrained to refer the seeker after knowledge on 
this subject to the second part of this volume, where will be found special 
mention of most, if not all, the representative manufacturers, to whose 
enterprise and industry the Queen City of the Lakes is indebted for her 
unquestioned eminence in the mechanic arts. 

A PERMANENT EXPOSITION. 

January 7 last an association of prominent business men was formed and 
$200,000 guaranteed for the establishment and support of a permanent ex- 
position. Grounds have been secured and buildings will be erected this 



24 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



spring for continuous exhibition of all the industrial products of the city. 
In the summer or early fall an agricultural and dairy exhibition will be 
given. Fine stock will be a prominent feature. The exposition will be 
partly mechanical in character, and partake of some of the attributes of a 
county fair. It will be a mammoth affair, and will attract many people to the 
city, and interest all the citizens of Buffalo as well. The proximity of Buf- 
falo to the Dominion will permit the exposition to be of an international 
character, and the accessibility of Buffalo by railroad and boat will serve to 
draw many people here from all the surrounding countr}\ Buffalo seems 
peculiarly well situated and favored for the success of such an enterprise, 
and with her extensive manufacturing interests, and the rich farming and 
grazing lands in her immediate environment, there will be plenty of 
material out of which to make exhibits. 




NEW GOVERNMENT BUILDING. 

The above illustrated handsome new building (or, more properly, exten- 
sion of the former custom-house and postoffice) was recently completed and 
occupied by the United States courts, internal revenue officials and post- 
office. At her present rate of growth Buffalo will require largely increased 
facilities for the transaction of government business within a few years. 
Value of imports for 1886— Dutiable, $4,367,845 ; free, $1,349,466 ; total 
collections, $965,819.61 ; increase of collections over 1885, $100,000. 



THE PRESS. 



FOR some unexplained reason the editor of this work has experienced 
extraordinary difficulty in securing from publishers historical data 
upon which to predicate as full and satisfactory a chapter on this 
subject as he could have desired. The subjoined sketches were prepared 
from such information as could be obtained. For the rest, mere mention 
of the names and character of the various publications is all we can offer. 

THE COURIER COMPANY. 

The genealogy of The Buffalo Courier is turned back to the first daily 
paper printed in this city, The Daily Star, which shed its mild light in the 
year 1831. From the humblest beginnings it long ago became a power, and 
the institution from which it is now issued is of enormous extent and 
almost unlimited resources. Dignity and enterprise are characteristic of The 
Courier Company's publications, while their influence is second to that of 
none in Western New York. Its establishment is justly claimed to be the 
greatest show and general printing house in the world. 

In 1855 Joseph Warren became identified with the management of The 
Courier, which was destined to be directed into channels of prosperity by 
the influence of his character and ability. From that time it has continued 
the leading Democratic paper of this part of the State, with some of the 
ablest journalists of the country at different periods in managerial charge of 
its columns. With the advent of Mr. Warren also began the upbuilding of 
the job and show printing business of the establishment, which has since 
attained colossal proportions. He secured a proprietary interest in 1859. 
Years of growth followed, and on the first of January, 1869, the large 
printing houses of Joseph Warren & Co. and Howard, Johnson & Co. were 
consolidated, and a stock company formed under the title of The Courier 
Company. On the first of December, 1874, Charles W. McCune, a gentle- 
man of splendid business talent and unbounded energy, entered the office as 
general manager. Mr. Warren died on the 30th of September, 1874, 
regretted by the entire community. He was a political director of great 
discernment, a strong man in the Democratic councils of the State, and 
accomplished much for the advancement of Buffalo. As president of the 
company he was succeeded by the Hon. William G-. Fargo. He in turn was 
followed in that capacity by Mr. McCune in March, 1880, and three years 
later the latter became sole proprietor of the institution, which under his 
control had obtained the solidest of financial foundation, and had in every 
department thriven and enlarged. Its work became world-famous. Its 
newspaper publications extended their influence and had their facilities 



2G THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



increased. In the zenith of his success, and with his business in magnificent 
order, Mr. McCune, after a very brief and unexpected illness, died March 14th, 
1885. His loss was mourned throughout the State and nation. Especially 
was it deemed severe in Buffalo, where he was recognized as a most worthy 
and valuable citizen whose enterprise had an important bearing on the city's 
industrial growth. 

Mr. George Bleistein, a young gentleman whose business training had 
been obtained in the establishment, became president of The Courier Com- 
pany, with Mr. J. W. Bridgman, an experienced financier, as vice-president. 
Under their management the institution has continued its course of great 
and uninterrupted prosperity. In its many departments the perfection of 
the different branches of the printer's and engraver's arts has been obtained. 
To convey an idea of the magnitude of the establishment in few words can- 
not be better effected than by enumerating the buildings owned and occupied 
for its business, and which contain a vast aggregation of the most approved 
machinery, and an invaluable accumulation of materials: The five-story 
and basement building No. 197 Main street, used for the stationery store, 
offices, etc.; No. 199 Main street, four stories and basement; Nos. 202 and 
204 Washington street, six stories and basement, the highest and finest 
perfectly fire-proof industrial building in Buffalo; Nos. 188 and 190 Wash- 
ington street, five stories and basement, devoted to the company's newspaper 
publications ; Nos. 208, 212 and 216 Washington street, four stories and 
basement; and the lithographic department building, seven stories and base- 
ment, between Main and Washington streets. 

THE BUFFALO EXPRESS. 

This handsome eight-page journal is issued from the Matthews' block, 
corner of Exchange and Washington streets, every morning and weekly, by 
James N. Matthews, editor and publisher. The publication of the Express 
was begun January 15th, 1845, by A. M. Clapp & Co., and the present 
owner, Mr. Matthews, helped set the type for that issue. The politics of 
the paper were then Whig, and it has been consistent in opposition to the 
Democratic party from the first, espousing the cause of the Republicans on 
the organization of that party, and remaining faithful thereto until the 
present. Many able and brilliant men have occupied the editorial chair of 
the Express, but it is questionable if any more vigorous, terse or forcible 
writer ever presided over its columns than Mr. Matthews, who has made it 
one of the ablest, most fearless and trenchant of interior morning newspapers. 
Under his direction it has become a real power here at home, loved and 
supported by its friends, hated and feared by its enemies, and has performed 
yeoman service for the city in the exposure and correction of official miscon- 
duct as well as in the advocacy of improvement, and in attracting hither 
enterprise and capital in search of employment and investment. 

THE EVENING AND SUNDAY NEWS. 

The Evening Neivs, one of the most influential and widely circulated 
papers in this State, dates its origin with the establishment of the Sunday 
Neivs in 1873. There were then no Sunday papers in Buffalo, but the 
experiment proved a success. The paper was from time to time enlarged, 
and there seemed to be no limit to its popularity. Bright, vigorous, enter- 
prising and entertaining as it was, its influence with the people increased 
until it wielded such power in politics that in the election of 1875 a people's 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 27 

ticket, put forward by it, was elected with few exceptions. In 1880 Edward 
H. Butler, the editor and founder of the Sunday News, carried into effect a 
plan he had long cherished, that of printing a cheap and interesting evening 
paper. It appeared on October 11th as a four-page, six-column folio, and 
on the first night the sales were 7,000 copies. The circulation steadily 
increased until now the average daily circulation is 37,500. The largest 
number of papers sold of any one issue was 48,539. The circulation of the 
Sunday edition averages 18,000. The News, among other things, suggested 
and boomed Grover Cleveland for Governor and President. 

The Neius occupies its own well-appointed building at No. 218 Main 
street, and is the only paper which does not have a job printing attachment. 
In the mechanical department the best machinery is used, and the editorial 
department is well equipped. Besides the United Press service, the paper 
has special correspondents at New York, Albany, Chicago and Washington, 
as well as in all the towns in Western New York. 

E. H. Butler is the editor and proprietor of the paper. He is ably aided 
by his brother, J. Ambrose Butler, as business manager. 

THE DAILY TIMES, 

One of the liveliest and newsiest papers in Western New York, was 
started by Norman E. Mack as a five-cent Sunday paper September 7th, 
1879, from the office located at No. 200 Main street, the present site of the 
Exchange building. Six months later the offices, composing and editorial 
rooms were removed to No. 50 Seneca street, where in February, 1883, the 
stock and plant were almost entirely destroyed by fire. For a short time the 
paper was published from new offices secured at No. 272 Washington street. 
May 13th, 1883, the offices were removed to No. 191 Main street, whence The 
Times is still issued. On September 13th, 1883, The Daily Times was 
started as a cheap morning paper, selling for two cents, with the Sunday 
edition at the regular price. The daily flourished and prospered until 
December 2d, 1886, when it was decided to publish it as a morning and 
afternoon one-cent paper. The first edition appears at 10.30 a. m., and 
the fifth at 5 p. m. It made its appearance on that day, and its cor- 
dial reception by the public ever since encourages the publishers to claim 
that it is destined to be the organ of the people in the future. The Daily 
and Sunday Times, the latter being a mammoth 16-page edition, is now 
published by The Times Company, Limited, which was incorporated June 
15th, 1885, with the founder of both the Daily and Sunday Times, Norman 
E. Mack, as president. 

BUFFALO COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER. 

This is the oldest, and ranks high among, the prosperous and influ- 
ential Western New York journals — the lineal descendant of Buffalo's 
pioneer newspaper, the Gazette, founded in 1811. The first number of The 
Daily Commercial Advertiser appeared January 1st, 1835, The Weekly 
Patriot, from which it sprung, being continued for some years. After 
various changes of ownership the establishment was purchased April 9th, 
1861, by Eufus Wheeler, Joseph Candee and James D. Warren. December 
8th, 1862, James N. Matthews succeeded to Mr. Candee's interest, and 
April 29th, 1865, Mr. Wheeler retired, the firm becoming Matthews & 
Warren. In October, 1877, Mr. Warren became sole proprietor, continuing 
in that position until his death in December last, when his sons, O. G and 



28 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



W. C. Warren, succeeded. September 28th, 1868, the Commercial printing 
house was burned to the ground, but publication was continued without 
interruption. July 1st, 1871, the paper was enlarged to its present size — 
forty columns. April 11th, 1882, the establishment occupied a splendid new 
five-story building, which was burned in the following December. Not an 
issue was lost, however, and October 1st, 1883, the Commercial occupied its 
present elegant cjuarters — a superb fire-proof structure and an ornament to 
the city. The price of the Commercial Advertiser was reduced to two cents 
February 1st, 188G, a move which has added largely to its popularity, the 
sales at this time reaching nearly 12,000 daily. The ecjuipment is very 
complete, embracing, besides full supplies of new and stylish types, a fine 
Hoe perfecting press of 12,000 per hour capacity. 

THE SATURDAY MERCURY. 

This neat and newsy hebdomadal was established in April of 1886 by W. 
J. McCahill & Co., and is already looked upon as the leading distinctively 
weekly newspaper of Western New York, full of entertaining reading for 
people of every class, and a welcome visitor to thousands of homes in all the 
region roundabout. Its success has been phenomenal, beginning without a 
subscriber, and at this time printing and circulating nearly 20,000 copies 
every Saturday. The management is excellent, both in the business and 
editorial departments, and as a result the Mercury is bright in appearance 
and contents, handsomely printed, and noted for its pointed and telling 
editorial paragraphs, whether aimed at current follies or treating of the 
serious side of things. The Mercury is on the right path to a career of 
honor and usefulness, and bids fair to become a power in the land. 

Buffalo Daily Evening Democrat and Weekly Weltburger (German); 
office, No. 509 Main street. 

Buffalo Daily and Weekly Volksfreund; German Printing Association; 
office, Nos. 46 and 48 Broadway. 

Buffalo Daily and Weekly Freie Press and Sunday Tribune ; Eeinecke 
& Zesch, No. 500 Main street. 

Daily, Tri- Weekly and Semi- Weekly Mercantile Review ; C. H. Webster, 
No. 16 Nichols street. 

Daily, Tri- Weekly and Semi- Weekly Price Current and Live Stock Re- 
porter ; W. G. Webster, No. 244 Main street. 

Farmers' Review and Live Stock Journal, weekly ; C. H. Webster, No. 
16 Nichols street. 

Milling World, weekly; American Industry Press, No. 13% Swan street. 

Lumber World, monthly; American Industry Press, No. 13% Swan street. 

Iron World, monthly ; American Industry Press, 13% Swan street. 

Roller Mill, monthly; A. B. Kellogg, No. 128 Washington street. 

Buffalo Christian Advocate, weekly; Nos. 41 and 43 Franklin street. 

Catholic Union and Times, weekly; Catholic Publication Co., Franklin 
ami Swan streets. 

Sunday Truth, labor weekly ; Hausauer & Eappold, No. 200 Washington 
street. 

People's Saturday Evening Pictorial Press ; Matthews, Northrup & Co., 
No. 179 Washington street. 

Matthews- Northrup Official Raihvay Guide, monthly ; Phin. M. Miller, 
manager, No. 42 Exchange street. 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 29 

Popular Gardening, monthly; Popular Gardening Pub. Co., room 23, 
No. 202 Main street. 

Church Home Quarterly ; Church Charity Foundation, No. 752 Niag- 
ara street. 

Saturday Tribune ; Crotts & Hurley, No. 4 North Division street. 

The Argus, A. O.U. W. monthly ; R. C. Hill, No. 200 Washington street. 

Medical Press, monthly ; Medical Press Association, No. 137 W. Tupper 
street. 

Buffalo World, weekly ; David Paine, No. 271 Washington street. 

Ojczyzna, Polish weekly ; Polish Pub. Association, No. 46 Broadway. 

Our Record, monthly ; managers of Home of the Friendless, No. 1500 
Main street. 

Independent Practitioner, medico-dental monthly ; W. C. Barrett, M.D., 
D.D.S., No. 208 Franklin street. 

Buffalo Medical and Surgical Journal, monthly ; office, No. 260 Pearl 
street. 

Iron Review, monthly; C. L. Sherrill & Co., Nos. 41 and 43 Franklin 
street. 

The XVIth Amendment, prohibition weekly. W. H. H. Bartram, Coal 
and Iron Exchange. 

Queries, literary, art, scientific and educational monthly ; C. L. Sherrill 
& Co., Nos. 41 and 43 Franklin street. 

Railway Magazine, monthly; Geo. E. Allen & Co., No. 177 Main street. 

Triumphs of Faith, Christian monthly; No. 260 Connecticut street. 

Chautauqua Tourist; John Laughlin, No. 191 Main street. 

The North and the South, emigration monthly; J. T. McLaughlin, 
Academy of Music. 

Pioneer Co-Operator ; L. J. Hedges, manager, No. 555 North Division 
street. 

Fashion Quarterly; A. E. Rose, No. 260 Main street. 




Merchants' Exchange, 



ORIGIN, PROGRESS AND INFLUENCE— OFFICERS AKD COM- 
MITTEES. 



As long ago as 1844 
the necessity for an or- 
ganization of Buffalo 
merchants, manufact- 
urers and shippers be- 
came manifest, and the 
Board of Trade was or- 
ganized. In May of 
the following year its 
building, at Prime and 
Hanover streets, was 
completed, and occu- 
pied in June. For rea- 
sons not necessary to 
recount, the board did 
not receive the support 
and encouragement it 
had a right to expect, 
and was not therefore 
incorporated until 
1857. The same year, 
marked by a great panic as it was, afforded opportunity for a manifestation 
of usefulness and strength which added vastly to the prestige of the organ- 
ization and secured for it the co-operation of most of the city's progressive 
business men. In 1862 a removal was effected to Central Wharf, and the 
Board of Trade continued to flourish until 1880, when a reorganization was 
accomplished under better auspices than ever, and with a largely increased 
membership, as the Buffalo Merchants' Exchange. In 1881 began the 
movement which resulted in the erection of the present stately Board of 
Trade building, corner of Seneca and Pearl streets, designed by M. E. B.eebe 
& Son, architects, of which we present an engraving. It was completed in 
1883, at a cost of $250,000, and occupied with appropriate inauguration 
ceremonies January 1, 1884. It was erected under direction of the Board 
of Trade trustees, and is the property of that body. The building, fire- 
proof throughout, is seven stories in height, with basement, fronts 132 feet 
on Seneca and 60 feet on Pearl street, and rises 100 feet above the side- 
walk. The facade is of cut stone, terra cotta, pressed brick and iron, and in 




THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 31 



all respects the structure is a substantial, handsome and imposing one. 
The principal entrance is on Seneca street. The board room and Merchants' 
Exchange occupy the entire fourth floor, the remainder of the edifice being 
devoted to office purposes, thus bringing in a handsome revenue. 

The officers of the Exchange, elected January 12, 1887, are as follows : 
President, James K. Smith ; Vice-President, Charles H. Gibson ; Treasurer, 
Henry S. Sill; Secretary, William Thurstone. Trustees — Daniel E. Newhall, 
Geo. Urban, jr., John C. Graves, Albert J. Wright, Horace J. Harvey, 
Peter C. Doyle, Henry D. Waters, Henry C. Zimmerman, H. G. Nolton, 
W. C. Corn well. Committees for current year: Finance — Charles H. 
Gibson, John C. Graves, H. G. Nolton. Rooms and Fixtures — H. C. Zim- 
merman, Wm. C. Cornwell, Henry D. Waters, Wm. P. Andrews, Harrison 
N. Vedder. Floor— Albert J. Wright, Daniel E. Newhall, Horace J. Har- 
vey. Reference — Roswell R. Buck, Chas. B. Armstrong, Harris Fosbinder. 
Arbitration (elected)— P. P. Pratt, John Satterfield, Jewett M. Richmond. 
Transportation (until 12th May) — Henry Montgomery, F. H. Tyler, E. B. 
Wilber, Thomas Hodgson, John G. Kerr, W. H. H. Newman, J. Adam 
Lautz, John P. Irish, Charles G. Curtiss, Robt. B. Adam, Philip Becker, 
C. W. Hammond, N. W. Ransom. Real Estate and General Information — 
Henry C. French, Henry W. Box, G. Barrett Rich, Chas. A. Sweet, George 
H. Lewis, John Otto, John L. Williams. Lumber — Harvey J. Hurd, 
W. W. Brown, W. W. Tyler, George P. Sawyer, Alfred Haines. Coal— 
T. Guilford Smith, Thomas Hodgson, Thomas Loomis, George H. Lewis, 
J. J. McWilliams. Oil— George F. Southard, A. S. Holmes, William R. 
McNiven, John A. Donaldson, S. A. Wheeler. Groceries, Produce, etc. — 
•Leroy S. Oatman, George W. Hay ward, J. H. Gail, Charles E. Selkirk, 
Henry Hearne. Live Stock— John G. Kerr, N. W. Ransom, John Hughes, 
M. F. Windsor, M. Danahy. Flour and Grain Inspection— W. C. Newman, 
George B. Mathews, N. C. Simons, F. J. Henry, Charles G. Curtis, S. S. 
Brown, Wilson H. Sherman. Grain— W. W. Sloan, George Sandrock, 
Stephen F. Sherman, E. B. Wilber, F. J. Sawyer, Charles F. Sternberg, 
Milton Brown. Call Board— William Meadows, Warren F. Chandler, 
H. V. Burns. Introduction— George Urban, jr., Peter C. Doyle, S. S. 
Guthrie, Frederick Truscott, Charles Kennedy. Meteorological— N. C. 
Simons, Frank W. Fiske, Willis C. Jacus. Harbor Improvement— John 

C. Graves, Peter C. Doyle, E. D. Hedstrom, , Charles W. 

Goodyear. 

The blank in the Committee on Harbor Improvements is due to the 
death of Mr. Alonzo Richmond on the morning of March 2d. The vacancy 
was not filled when this part of our work went to press. The Express says 
of Mr. Richmond: 

" Alonzo Richmond was the son of Anson Richmond, of Syracuse, and 
was born in that city December 4, 1821, being in his 66th year at the time 
of his death. He was first cousin to the famous Dean Richmond. His 
early years were spent in Syracuse, where he was educated in the public 
schools. For a time he studied law, but, having a delicate constitution, it 
was deemed best that he should have outdoor employment. The leading 
industry in Syracuse was the production of salt, and Alonzo became asso- 
ciated with his brothers, Moses and Jewett, in that business. After a few 
years the salt interests of Syracuse were consolidated in a concern known as 
the Onondaga Salt Company, which Mr. Richmond represented in Chicago 
until 1864 or 1805, when he took up his residence in Buffalo, where his 
brothers had established themselves in the grain and commission business. 



32 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



Again the brothers united their interests, and Alonzo remained a partner 
until about four years ago, when he retired with a handsome competency. 
For the last twenty years his face and figure have been familiar in and about 
the Board of Trade, of which body he has been president and always a 
prominent member. At the time of his death he was a Civil Service Com- 
missioner, appointed by the mayor. He never married. Alonzo Richmond 
enjoyed the respect of every one who knew him. A purer character, a more 
unselfish nature, a more kindly disposition, a sweeter temper, a more genial 
soul than his it has never been the good fortune of this writer to know. 
His life was blessed by his own good deeds. Simple in his habits, and pre- 
ferring domestic retirement rather than public or social recognition, he had 
not a personal acquaintance with one in a hundred of those who knew him 
by name. He was devoted to the public good. No man has thought more, 
few in a quiet Avay have done more to advance the prosperity of Buffalo, or 
to promote the best welfare of her citizens. He was always on the watch 
for opportunities in this direction. He was a man of ideas. No one 
understood the transportation question better than he, and none has con- 
tributed more material facts for an intelligent discussion of it. His special 
regard was for the water route, but he was not in favor of hampering the 
railroads with unjust restrictions. He was eminently a fair-minded, clear- 
sighted man. His contributions to canal literature were many and valuable, 
though seldom published over his own name. He ranked with the Seymours 
as an authority on canal subjects and a champion of its interests." 




RAILROADS. 



BUFFALO is a terminal point of eleven trunk line railroads radiating 
north, east and south, and one of the greatest railroad centers on the 
continent. Iu addition the Buffalo Creek railroad connects the island, 
the canal, the harbor, the elevators and the stock-yards with the various 
main lines ; a belt line passenger road encircles the city, and several short 
roads are in course of construction or projected to various tributary points. 

NEW YORK CENTRAL AND HUDSON EIVER EAILROAD 

The consolidation of the New York Central and the Hudson River 
railroad companies was consummated November 1st, 1869. The former 
company was organized in 1853 under a special law authorizing the 
consolidation of the roads extending from Albany to Buffalo, as follows : 
The Albany & Schenectady, the Schenectady & Troy, the Utica & 
Schenectady, the Mohawk Valley, the Syracuse & Utica, the Syracuse 
& Utica Direct, the Kochester & Syracuse, the Buffalo & Rochester, the 
Buffalo & Lockport, and the Rochester, Lockport & Niagara Falls. 
The new company took possession August 1st, 1853. The Hudson River 
Railroad Company was chartered May 12th, 1846, and opened from New 
York October 3d, 1851. Since the consolidation to East Albany the 
N. Y. C. & H. R. Railroad Company has built, bought, leased or chartered 
the following-named roads : The New York & Harlem, the Spuyten Duyvil 
& Port Morris, the Dunkirk, Allegheny Valley & Pittsburg, the Syracuse 
Junction, the Buffalo Junction, the Geneva & Lyons, the Troy Union, the 
West Shore, and three-fourths of the ownership of the two Hudson river 
bridges at Albany. The capital stock of the company is $89,428,300; funded 
debt, $56,424,333.33; current liabilities, $6,635,514.64; cost of road and 
equipment, $146,630,682.19 ; cost of additions and betterments, 1886, $555,- 
846.39 ; total miles of tracks, 3,688.25, of which 374.50 are laid with iron, 
leaving 3,313.75 miles of steel rails. Lineal feet of bridges, 178,320. 
Number of engine-houses, 58; shops, 19 ; elevators, 5, of 3,450,000 bushels 
capacity. Number of employes, 19,260; aggregate salaries and wages, 
$10,502,460.01. The equipment comprises 273 passenger engines, 349 freight 
engines, 221 switch engines and 10 dummy engines, 940 passenger coaches, 
and 32,280 box, platform, cattle, oil-tauk, coal, conductors', tool and service 
and derrick cars, and a total floating equipment of 65 boats, including 12 
propellers and steam tugs. Number of miles run in 1886 by passenger 
trains, 7,918,201; by freight trains, 12,502,729; by switching and' working 
trains, 8,206,817. Through passengers carried between New York, Buffalo 
and the bridges, 168,188; way passengers, 14,493,930. Tons through freight 
carried north and west, 389,390; east and south, 1,435,515; way freights, 



34 TEE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



both Avays, 10,893,196. Gross earnings, $30,506,360.92; charges against 
same, $29,433,394.41. Surplus, 1886, $1,072,966.51; deficit for 1885, 
$953,647.90. The income account shows a 'surplus, September 30th, 1880, 
of $11,473,469.38, against $10,508,332.39 at same period of 1885. 

Chauncey M. Depew, of New York, is president of the company ; Charles 
C.Clarke, first vice-president; Horace J. Hayden, second vice-president; 
James Tilliughast, assistant to president; Edwin D. Worcester, secretary; 
E. V. W. Rossiter, treasurer; Isaac P. Chambers, comptroller; John JV1. 
Toucey, superintendent ; Henry Monett, general passenger agent ; Edson 
J. Weeks, general agent, Buffalo, No. 1 Exchange street. The board of 
directors is composed of Cornelius Vanderbilt, William K. Vanderbilt, 
Fred'k W. Vanderbilt, Chauncey M. Depew, Charles C. Clarke, Horace 
J. Hayden, Samuel F. Barger, J. Pierpont Morgan and Cyrus W. Field, of 
New York ; William Bliss, of Boston, Mass. ; Erastus Corning of Albany, 
N. Y. ; George C. Buell, of Rochester, N. Y., and Sherman S. Jewett, of 
Buffalo, N. Y. The election for directors is held on the third Wednesday 
in April in each year. 

NEW YORK, LAKE ERIE AND WESTERN R, R. CO. 

This powerful corporation operates, in addition to its own magnificent 
four-track road from Buffalo to New York, branches, leased lines, etc., as 
follows: The New York, Pennsylvania & Ohio road, the Hawley branch, 
the Conesus Lake road, the Middletown & Crawford road, the Montgomery 
& Erie road, the Chicago & Atlantic road, the Pavonia Ferry, Pavonia Horse 
railroad, and Erie Express — the latter organized May 15th, 1886, to succeed 
the United States Express Company on all roads controlled by the Erie Rail- 
way Company. The total stock of the N. Y., L. E. & W. Railroad Company 
September 30th, 1886, aggregated $86,536,900. The gross earnings for the 
year ending on that date were $22,500,047.73 ; working expenses, $16,388,- 
638.14; net earnings, $7,057,869.23; interest on funded debt, rentals of 
leased lines, etc., $7,043,258.28; surplus, $14,610.95 — against a deficit of 
$1,376,943.55 in 1885. The road proper, with all its appurtenances, equip- 
ment, etc., and those of its branches and leased lines, are in superb condition. 
The officers are: John King, president; S. M. Felton, jr., first vice-presi- 
dent; Charles Paine, second vice-president ; A. R. McDonough, secretary; 
Edward White, treasurer; James A. Buchanan, attorney; L. P. Farmer, 
general passenger agent; G. H. Vaillant, freight traffic manager; J. S. 
Hammond, general freight agent; Stephen Little, comptroller; A. J. 
McDowell, auditor of traffic; W. G. Fuller, purchasing agent — all of New 
York; B. Thomas, general superintendent; J. H. Barrett, superintendent 
Eastern division — all of Jersey City; E. Van Etten, superintendent Delaware 
division, Port Jervis, N. Y. ; D. H. Blackham, superintendent Susquehanna 
division, Elmira, N. Y. ; W. B. Coffin, superintendent Western division, 
Hornellsville, N. Y. ; G. W. Bartlett, superintendent Rochester division, 
Rochester, N. Y. ; W. J. Murphy, superintendent Buffalo division, Buffalo : 
W. C. Rinearson, general northern passenger agent, Buffalo ; J. Deuel, 
division freight agent, Buffalo. The Erie's board of directors is composed of 
Messrs. Henry H. Cook, William B. Dinsmore, William N. Gilchrist, 
James J. Goodwin, Jacob Hays, Morris K. Jesup, John King, William Lib- 
bey, John G. McCullough, Ogden Mills, Courtlandt Parker, George W. 
Quintard, William L. Strong, J. Lowber Welsh, William A. Wheelock and 
William Whitewright. Buffalo offices, No. 177 Main street, cor. Exchange. 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 35 

BUFFALO.. ROCHESTEE & PITTSBURG RAILROAD. 

This road, already completed, was purchased by the present company 
under a charter granted October, 24th, 1885. The total length is 283.95 
miles, single track, steel rails. The equipment consists of 13 engines of all 
classes, 42 passenger coaches, and 5,277 box, platform and other freight and 
service cars. During the year ending October 24th, 1886, 318,779 passen- 
gers and 1,326,084 tons of freight were carried; the gross earnings were 
$1,393,013.31; gross expenses, $1,410,891.25; deficit, $17,877.94. The 
common stock of the company aggregates $4,800,000; preferred stock, 
$6,000,000; funded debt, $8,091,070, less redemption fund, $1,778,000; 
total, $6,313,070. The officers of the company are: President, W. H. 
Brown ; secretary, Thomas F. Wentworth ; treasurer, Fred. A. Brown — all 
of New York city ; general manager, George E. Merchant, Rochester ; 
general superintendent, James T. Gardner, Buffalo ; auditor and assistant 
treasurer, John F. Dinkey; chief engineer, Wm. E. Hoyt; general freight 
and passenger agent, I. S. Emery; superintendent of motive power and 
machinery, O. W. Mills — all of Rochester. General offices, No. 20 Nassau 
street, New York, and Rochester. 

BUFFALO, NEW YORK & PHILADELPHIA R. R. CO. 

This company was organized February 14th, 1883, by the consolidation 
or lease of the following railroads : The Bradford road, the Buffalo Coal 
Company's road, the Kinzie road, the Kendall & Eldred road, the Genesee 
Valley road, the McKean & Buffalo road, the Mayville Extension, and the 
Olean, Bradford & Warren road, with the Buffalo, New York & Philadelphia 
and Pittsburg & Western railroads. The capital stock is $50,000,000, and 
the total length of track operated is about 674.16 miles — mostly steel rails. 
The rolling stock comprises 116 locomotives, 49 first-class and 64 second-class 
passenger coaches, and about 5,000 freight and service cars of all kinds. 
Number of employes, 2,500. Gross earnings for 1886, $2,367,937.83 ; total 
expenses, $1,844,364.50. The principal offices are in the Mills building, 
New York, and at No. 242 South Third street, Philadelphia. Officers : 
President, G. Clinton Gardner, New York ; secretary, Joseph R. Trimble, 
Philadelphia ; treasurer, John Dougherty, New York ; auditor, W, L. Doyle, 
Buffalo; general superintendent, Geo. S. Gatchell; general passenger agent, 
J. A. Fellows; general freight agent, E. T. Johnson ; chief engineer, R. D. 
McCreary — all of Buffalo. Buffalo offices, Nos. 82 and 84 Exchange street. 

MICHIGAN CENTRAL RAILROAD COMPANY. 

This prosperous company was originally organized in 1836, under the 
name of the Detroit & St. Joseph railroad. Before completing any portion 
it was sold in 1837 to the State of Michigan, and constructed as follows: 
Detroit to Ypsilanti in 1838 ; Ypsilanti to Ann Arbor in 1839; Ann Arbor 
to Jackson in 1841; Jackson to Marshall, 1844; Marshall to Battle Creek, 
1845 ; Battle Creek to Kalamazoo, 1846. About March 28th, 1846, the 
present company (Michigan Central) was incorporated under a special 
charter, and the railroad and property purchased from the State, taking 
possession thereof September 24th, 1846, and completing the road as follows: 
Kalamazoo to Niles in 1848; Niles to New Buffalo in 1849; New Buffalo to 
Michigan City in 1850; Michigan City to Chicago in 1852. The main line 
extends from Buffalo to Chicago, via Niagara Falls and Detroit, 536 miles, 
with branch lines connecting all important towns and cities in the State of 



36 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 

Michigan, aggregating 1,027, making the mileage of the entire system 1,563, 
with 140 miles of second and 576 miles_of side track — in all 2, '259 miles — all 
steel rails. * The motive power consists of 293 freight and 126 passenger 
engines — total 419. Of passenger coaches there are 293, of dining cars 7, 
of freight cars 12,997; total cars, 13,297. Number of employes averages 
9,500. Through passengers carried in 1886, 93,058 ; way passengers, 
2,826,381. Through freights, 1,607,557 tons; local freights, 3,928,719 tons. 
Income for year, $12,250,000; outlay, 8,350,000 ; profits, $3,900,000. 

The Michigan Central Railroad Company is comparatively a new institu- 
tion in the city of Buffalo, having gained an entrance into this city through 
the acquisition of the Canada Southern Railway Company three years ago, 
and in order to show its importance it seems but proper to state that it has 
on its schedules during the winter months 96 passenger trains, and during 
the summer months about 110. It runs five through trains daily between 
Buffalo and Chicago. The time consumed by the fastest trains between 
Buffalo and Chicago, a distance of 536 miles, is fourteen hours and forty-five 
minutes, an average speed of about thirty-eight miles per hour, which fact is 
sufficient evidence that the track and equipment is first-class. The Michi- 
gan Central's principal eastern connections are the New York Central & 
Hudson River and Boston & Albany roads, over which through cars are run 
between Boston, New York & Chicago via Buffalo. Connections at Buffalo 
are also made with the West Shore, Now York, Lake Erie & Western, Dela- 
ware, Lackawanna & Western, Lehigh Valley, Buffalo, Rochester & Pitts- 
burg, and Buffalo, New York & Philadelphia, and at Suspension Bridge 
with the New York Central and Rome, Watertown & Ogdensburg roads. 
Hence it will be observed that the Michigan Central is the connecting link 
between Buffalo and Chicago in the great through line across the American 
continent. At Chicago connections are made with all lines diverging. 

The general offices of the road are at Grand Central depot, New York ; 
Central depot, foot of Third street, Detroit ; Nos. 183 to 189 Dearborn 
street, Chicago ; No. 57 Exchange street, Buffalo. Officers: C. Vanderbilt, 
chairman board of directors, New York; H. B. Ledyard, president and 
general manager, Detroit ; E. D. Worcester, vice-president and secretary, 
New York ; Henry Pratt, treasurer, New York ; D. A. Waterman, auditor, 
Detroit ; E. C. Brown, general superintendent, Detroit ; John E. Crampton, 
general Eastern freight agent ; W. R. Busenbark, Eastern passenger agent, 
Buffalo. 

DELAWARE, LACKAWANNA & WESTERN. 

This company was chartered in 1853, and the road, 888.86 miles in length, 
completed in 1882. It is double track, all steel rails, and superbly con- 
structed, the equipment consisting of 505 engines, 369 passenger and 34,231 
freight cars. A branch road to Rochester is projected. General offices of 
the company, New York city. President, Samuel Sloan ; general manager, 
W. F. Hallstead ; assistant superintendent, Buffalo division, F. A. Seabert ; 
general Western passenger agent, Ira S. Beers, No. 11 Exchange street, 
Buffalo. 

LEHIGH VALLEY RAILROAD. 

This road is Buffalo's chief source of anthracite coal supply, and is a 
most important adjunct to the manufacturing and shipping interests of the 
city. Its total coal tonnage for the year ending November 30th, 1886, was: 
Anthracite, 6,656,474; bituminous, 45,262; total, 6,701,736 tons, an increase 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 37 

of 109,090 tons over 1883, the previous year of heaviest shipments. Miscel- 
laneous freight carried, 3,041,016.66 tons; number of passengers, 2,664,235; 
total gross earnings, $8,744,756.48; expenses, $5,293,816.56; net receipts, 
$3,450,939.92. The total miles of steel track are 619.14. The equipment 
consists of 329 engines, 120 passenger and parlor cars, 1 pay car, 62 baggage, 
express and combination cars, and 42,089 cars of all other classes. The 
officers are: Elisba P.Wilbur, president; Charles Hartshorne, vice-presi- 
dent; Eobert H. Sayre, second vice-president; Wm. C. Alderson, treasurer; 
John R. Fanshawe, secretary ; H. Stanley Goodwin, general superintendent. 
General offices, Bethlehem, Pa. 

WEST SHORE RAILROAD. 

(N. Y. C. & H. R. R. Co., Lessee.) 

J. D. Layng, general manager ; E. V. W. Rossi ter, treasurer, Grand 
Central depot, New York; P. B. McLennan, general counsel; J. W. 
Musson, traffic manager; F. L. Pomeroy, general freight agent; Chas. 
E. Lambert, general passenger agent; Isaac P. Chambers, comptroller, 
Grand Central depot, New York; C. W. Bradley, general superintendent, 
Weehawken, N. J. ; L. S. Greves, general Eastern freight agent, No. 363 
Broadway, New York; H. B. Jagoe, general Eastern passenger agent, 
New York; A. A. Smith, New England passenger agent, Boston, Mass.; 
Edson J. Weeks, general agent, Buffalo ; Wm. Caldwell, general Western 
passenger agent, Chicago, 111. General offices: No. 5 Vanderbilt Avenue, 
New York; freight and passenger office, No. 363 Broadway, New York. 
Buffalo passenger office, No. 1 Exchange street, corner Main. 

LAKE SB ORE & MICHIGAN SOUTHERN RAILROAD. 

John Newell, president and general manager, Cleveland, Ohio; E. 
Gallup, assistant general manager, Cleveland, Ohio; Edwin D. Worcester, 
secretary and treasurer, New York; C. P. Leland, auditoi', Cleveland Ohio; 
P. P. Wright, general superintendent, Cleveland, Ohio ; C. B. Couch, 
superintendent Eastern division, Cleveland, Ohio ; J. T. R. McKay, general 
freight agent, Cleveland, Ohio ; A. J. Smith, general passenger and freight 
agent, Cleveland, Ohio; E. C. Luce, assistant general passenger and ticket 
agent, Cleveland, Ohio; L. H. Clarke, chief engineer, Cleveland, Ohio; 
Geo. W. Stevens, superintendent motive power, Cleveland, Ohio ; William 
Kline, superintendent telegraph, Toledo, Ohio ; J. A. Burch, Eastern and 
Southern passenger agent, office over No. 178 Main street, Buffalo, N. Y. 
General office, Cleveland, Ohio; New York office, Grand Central depot; 
Buffalo offices — D. Kenyon, freight agent, Louisiana street and Hamburg 
canal; F. W. Burrows, ticket agent, No. 21 Exchange street; J. Q. Adams, 
ticket agent, Exchange Street depot. 

GRAND TRUNK RAILWAY. 

General offices, Montreal, Canada; London office, 9 New Broad street. 
London, England. Officers — Joseph Hickson, general manager, Montreal; 
L. J. Seargeant, traffic manager, Montreal; W. Wainwright, assistant 
manager, Montreal; James Stephenson, superintendent, Grand Trunk 
section, Montreal ; C. Stiff, superintendent Southern section, Hamilton ; 
E. P. Hannaford, chief engineer, Montreal; Joseph Hopson, chief engineer. 
G. W. section, Hamilton; William Edgar, general passenger agent, Montreal; 



38 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 

John Porteous, general freight agent, Montreal ; T. Tandy, through traffic 
general freight agent, Detroit, Mich.; Robert Wright, treasurer, Montreal; 
T. B. Hawson, traffic auditor, Montreal; H. W. Walker, accountant, Mon- 
treal; John Taylor, general storekeeper, Montreal. Agents in Buffalo — 
Thomas D. Sheridan, passenger agent, corner Exchange and Washington 
streets; S. S. McCrea, freight agent, No. 177 Washington, corner Exchange; 
also River Street and Black Rock freight depots. 

NEW YORK, CHICAGO & ST. LOUIS (NICKEL-PLATE) RAILROAD. 

Runs from Buffalo to Chicago, 524 miles. General offices, Cleveland, 
Ohio. Officers — D. W. Caldwell, receiver, Cleveland, Ohio; Wm. K. Van- 
derbilt, president, New York ; F. W. Vanderbilt, secretary and treasurer, 
New York; J. P. Curry, auditor, Cleveland, Ohio; Lewis Williams, 
general manager, Cleveland, Ohio ; G. B. Spriggs, general freight agent, 
Cleveland, Ohio; B. F. Horner, general passenger agent, Cleveland, Ohio; 
G. H.Kimball, superintendent Eastern division, Cleveland, Ohio; C. D. 
Gorham, superintendent Western division, Fort Wayne, Ind. ; P. G. 
Murphy, commercial agent, No. 23 Exchange street, Buffalo; F. J. Moore, 
ticket agent, No. 23 Exchange street, Buffalo. 

BUFFALO, NEW YORK & ERIE RAILROAD. 

Daniel N. Lockwood, president; John C. Gray, secretary and treasurer, 
New York. Buffalo office, over Western Savings Bank. 

BUFFALO CREEK RAILROAD. 

Forming a line of road from the cattle-yards at the New York Central 
railroad to the lands on the south side of Buffalo harbor. Officers — F. L. 
Danforth, president; R. F. Goodman, general superintendent; Wm. H. 
.Sayre, secretary and treasurer. Office, Hamburg turnpike. 




COMMERCE. 



THE LAKES AND THE CANALS— EXTENT AND IMPORTANCE 
OP WATER COMMUNICATIONS. 



\ 



SBZJT WXTDL ROUTS 

TLANTIC " 




FROM the above map (for which we are indebted to the courtesy of 
John Wilkeson, Esq., one of Buffalo's oldest and most public-spirited 
citizens) it will be seen that this is the focal point at which meet the 
direct and shortest lines of trade and travel between Boston, New York, 
Philadelphia, Baltimore and all North Atlantic ports, the lake cities, and, 
via the Northern Pacific railroad, the great Northwest and the Pacific 
coast. By way of Buffalo also lies the shortest and most practicable route 
to Canada and British Columbia, The vast hard wheat regions of North- 
ern Minnesota, Dakota and British America are brought into almost direct 
water communication, through Buffalo, with all principal Atlantic ports, 
and the products of Eastern Oregon and Eastern Washington must seek a 
market via this route. Much of the Japanese and Chinese trade must also 
pass over the same route to the Eastern States and Europe. The grain of 
Nebraska, Wyoming and Idaho naturally seeks an outlet via Duluth to 
the East. 



40 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



One of the great needs of the cold Northwest is fuel, and anthracite is 
the favorite. Buffalo is the only lake port from which it can be profitably 
shipped, for the reason that returning wheat and ore vessels can carry it at 
very low rates, thus making a profit both ways and offering vessel-owners 
an inducement which will enable them to influence shipments to this port 
in preference to any other, and particularly in slack times when freights are 
scarce. This is an advantage of which no other lake port can ever deprive 
Buffalo, and cannot but insure her continued ascendancy. For the same 
reason vessels carrying ore for the Pennsylvania furnaces will eventually 
prefer to unload here and carry return cargoes of coal to Lake Superior ports. 
A project is on foot to connect the St. Louis river with the Mississippi, and 
another to connect Lake Winnipeg with the Red River of the North. 
It is claimed the expense will be comparatively small, and if ever accom- 
plished the scheme will be in line with the far-reaching plans of De Witt 
Clinton when advocating the construction of the Erie canal, and extend 
our navigable waters to the eastern base of the Rocky Mountains, bringing 
through the lakes to Buffalo, and through the canal and the Hudson to 
New York, at moderate cost for freight, the bulk of agricultural and min- 
eral products of all that mighty territory. 

THE LAKES. 

It would be difficult to overestimate the value to commerce, or the 
beneficent influence exerted upon the progress and prosperity of the whole 
country, of the magnificent chain of fresh water lakes — appropriately called 
inland seas — that stretch away for many hundreds of miles from Buffalo to 
Duluth, bearing upon their broad bosoms the peaceful fleets of two mighty 
insular empires, carrying the products of a domain greater and grander than 
all Europe. A severe storm last October did serious damage to the Govern- 
ment breakwater and to the Buffalo harbor improvements. Both member* 
of Congress from this county have labored for an increased appropriation, 
not only for repairs but for the deepening of the harbor and river channel 
to Tonawanda, and were successful, a dispatch of March 2d informing the 
public that the sums appropriated in the River and Harbor bill, as finally 
passed, for New York waters were : Buffalo $225,000, Dunkirk $5,000, 
Gowanus bay $10,000. The " Cullom amendment," with respect to the 
Hennepin canal, was incorporated in the bill. Unfortunately the hour at 
which the bill was passed prevented its formal engrossment in time to receive- 
the President's official approval, and it consequently failed to become a law. 

An intelligent appreciation, widely extended, of the value of the lakes 
to the commerce of the nation would dispel all factious opposition to the 
appropriation of all the funds requisite to render them the most valuable 
and useful inland waters on the globe. 

Referring to Buffalo's breakwater and harbor facilities, some time ago, 
Capt. Mahan, an old lake skipper, said: " Let us compare our situation with 
that of cities in the Old World. Antwerp is a city of Belgium not quite as- 
large as Buffalo. It had 205,000 people at the last census. But the com- 
mercial activity there ! In 1885 I visited its great docks and learned that 
for thirty years the city had spent $500,000 a year in harbor improvements 
alone, independent of about three times that amount given by the Belgian 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 41 

Government. Now Buffalo not only does not spend a cent for such things, 
but it is not even making a live effort to secure a fair appropriation from 
Congress. Here is Cleveland going away ahead in this respect. The break- 
water there was begun after the Buffalo breakwater, yet it is now consider- 
ably the longer, and the harbor is much better protected." 

At a meeting of the Merchants' Exchange, held on the 3d of the present 
month (March), Gen. Graves presented a report of the harbor committee, 
which set forth that a visit had been paid to Capt. Mahan, U. S. Engineer 
in charge of the harbor. They had been shown the plans for repairing the 
breakwater with stone two feet below and twelve feet above low-water mark. 
The report speaks of the inefficiency of the breakwater, refers to the great 
storm of October 14th last, and adds that wharves are expected to be built 
along the lake and that vessels are to lie behind the breakwater. " Suppose," 
it continues, "that such had been the case last October, who can estimate 
the damage that would have ensued?" The new structure should, in the 
opinion of the committee, be made five feet higher than the highest part of 
the present structure. The following was appended to the report, which 
was adopted and forwarded as indicated : 

''Whereas, The United States has spent in times past large sums of 
money for the improvement of the harbor of Buffalo, N. Y.; and 

"Whereas, The northern end of the superstructure of the breakwater at 
Buffalo is to be rebuilt of stone ; and 

" Wliereas, The height of the proposed new superstructure is, in view of 
the very poor anchorage afforded by the bed of the lake, and in view of the 
very probable near construction of piers and wharves on the lake front, 
wholly insufficient to protect the vessels lying inside the breakwater during 
heavy gales, such, for example, as the one which raged here on October 14, 
1886 ; therefore be it 

"Resolved, By the Buffalo Merchants' Exchange, that the honorable 
the Secretary of War be petitioned to reconsider the plans which he has 
approved for the reconstruction of the superstructure of the breakwater at 
Buffalo, N. Y. ; and be it further 

" Resolved, That the Buffalo Merchant's Exchange protest as strongly 
as may be against the lack of height proposed for said superstructure ; and 
be it further 

" Resolved, That the honorable the Secretary of War be petitioned to 
cause the height of the proposed superstructure to be increased at least five 
feet, so that vessels lying behind the breakwater may be adequately pro- 
tected ; and be it further 

"Resolved, That the honorable the Secretary of War be petitioned to 
cause to be taken such action as may be necessary at the earliest possible 
moment, as the engineer in charge of the improvement of Buffalo harbor is 
now engaged on the estimates for carrying on the work according to the 
present plans. 

" Resolved, That a copy of the foregoing be sent to the Chief of Engineers 
at Washington." 

Gen. Graves supported the report in a speech of some length, and it 
was adopted without opposition. 

Further along will be found the tables showing Buffalo's interest 
in lake commerce. In this place we wish merely to present some inter- 
esting figures showing the increase of tonnage in seventy years, from 
3 



42 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



1816 to 1886. In the Former year, according to David Thomas' " Travels 
through ilif Western Uountry," the following list comprised all the craft 
plying i hese waters : 



American Eagle 48 

Aurora 31 

Black Snake 21 

Boxer 



16 

Dove 13 

C.itnmodore Droit ur 49 

Diligence 33 

a 8 

Experiment 29 

Erie 77 

28 

a 23 

Franklin 73 

Firefly 24 

Friendship 59 

George Washington 99 

(Jovernor Cass 30 

General Scott 20 

General Jackson 60 

ral Brown 31 

< leneral Wayne 85 

Hannah 48 

Hercules 59 

Unmet 11 

Industry 

Independence 21 



Tons. 

69 •• 
.08 " 
,60 " 
55 " 
14 " 
.88 " 
,00 " 
.69 " 
,41 " 
03 " 
82 " 
00 " 

09 " 

10 " 
73 " 
58 " 
28 " 
00 " 
22 " 



00 



Vessels. Tons. 

Leopard 18.00-95 

Michigan 132.36 " 

Monroe 28.70 " 

Maria 24.28 " 

Miami 10.46 " 

Merchant 21.51 " 

Nautilus 23.00 " 

Neptune 61 . 64 " 

Olive Branch 14.19 " 

Commodore Perrv 42.50 " 

Salem Packet 27.00 " 

Buffalo Packet 12.00 " 

Paulina 27.25 " 

Pilot 27.05 " 

Perseverance 28 . 65 " 

Ranger 16.79 " 

Superior 70.73 " 

Lucy Jane 15.00 " 

Traveler 22.23 " 

Union 104.30 ,: 

Unknown 35.08 " 

Venus 14.00 " 

Widow's Son 40.79 " 

Wasp 18.00 " 

Wolf 28.78 " 

Not enumerated 200.87 " 



Total lake tonnage 2008.00 

In comparison with the above the appended table, showing the number 
and total tonnage of lake craft of all kinds for 1886, must be very gratifying 
to all interested in navigation and shipbuilding. It is proper to state that 
the figures are collated from the Inland Lloyd's Reports, and that several 
new vessels have been built and put into commission since their compilation 
— notably the Susquehanna, the largest, costliest and finest iron screw 
Bteamer on the lakes, built at Buffalo : 



BUILD AND RIG. 


TOTAL. 


BUFFALO. 




No. 


Tonnage. 


No. Tonnage. 


Side-wheel Steamers 


42 

879 

704 

319 

2 


12,580 

240,342 

185,143 

121,565 

375 






94 
21 
29 . 


65,971 

9,502 

11 608 






!St. Lawrence River Barges 










1946 


5(10,004 


1 It 


87,381 



The year 1886 was one of unusual misfortune to lake craft, as will be 
seen from the appended table, which includes only vessels sailing from 
United States ports. Of Canadian craft wrecked there were 33 schooners, 
( J propellers, barges, 1 steamer and 1 tug. The loss of life was 138, 
against 85 for 1885. 



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THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



RECEIPTS AND SHIPMENTS BY LAKE AND CANAL. 
The subjoined 6gures are from advance sheets of the official reports of 
the Merchants' Exchange : 

The Lake. 

The amounl of -rain and Hour received at Buffalo by lake during the sea- 
son of L886 haa been exceeded but once in the history of Buffalo; that was 
dining the Beason of 1880, yet in 1878 and 1879 more grain of all kinds was 
received than in 1886. Every year shows increased milling facilities out 
. and a consequent increase in the movement of flour. In 1886 there 
was an increase of 1,381,432 barrels of flour over 1885. Compared with the 
year lasl named, there was an increase of 13,694,930 bushels of wheat, an 
increase of 5,249,068 bushels of corn, an increase of 174,257 bushels of oats, 
an increase of 186,167 bushels of barley, and a decrease of 86,879 bushels of 
rye. The total increase in all grain over 1885 is 19,217,548 bushels, and in 
all grain, flour reduced to wheat, 26,124,703 bushels. The receipts of lum- 
ber compared with 1885 show an increase of 46,656,952 feet; in lath and 
sli ingles there is also a large increase, but a decrease in staves. With the 
stead v growth of agricultural operations and increase of products of the 
forest and mines at the West, the prospect of a steady augmentation of 
lake shipments in the future is very bright indeed. An assurance of the 
maintenance and improvement of the canals is all that is necessary to 
render Buffalo the principal lake port in point of receipts. 



Statement 


showing 


the receipts 


of most 


Comparative 


statement 


showing 


the re- 


articles by lake during the season of lake 


ceipts of leading articles by lake at Buf- 


navigation, 1886 : 






falo during 


the season 


of navigation for 










three years 








Flour, bbls ... 


2,041,933 


Logs, ft 


4,729,150 


Lake 
opened 
April 25, 


Lake 
opened 
May 2, 


Lake 


Flour, scks... 


2.348,275 


Lard, tcs 


205,193 




Wheat, bu.... 
Corn, bu... 


40,981,805 
86,494,838 


Lead, pig's 

Lead, tns. 


104,391 
90 




opened 
April 16, 


Oats, bu 


864,356 


Leather, rolls. 


110 




1884. 


1885. 


1886. 


Barley, bu 


755.184 


Malt, bu 


19,042 


Flour, bbls .... 


. 1,823 143 


3.00S.778 


4,390,210 


Rye, bu 


151,025 


Metal, scks.. . 


114,954 


Wheat, bu 


. 33,671,756 


27,226,275 


40,921,205 




34.808 


Oatmeal, bbls. 


5,414 


Corn, bu 


. 16,051,163 


20,245.770 


25,494,838 


Beans, bu 


1,700 


Oilcake, scks. 


205.450 


Oats, bu 


. 3,113.781 


690.099 


864,356 


Alcohol, bbls. 


393 


Oil, bbls 


4.797 


Barley, bu 


537,937 


569.017 


755,184 


Ashes, csks . . 


337 


Pork, bbls.... 


26,983 




2,376,186 


237,904 


151,025 


Hullion, bars. 


880 


PtfE iron, tns. . 


18,376 




1,841 


522 


520 


Bacon, tcs 


805 


Pelts, bdls . . . 


964 


Copper, tons . . . 


13,464 


17,832 


21,899 


Copper, tns .. 


21,899 


R. K. lies, No. 


48,833 


Copper, bbls 


3.317 


731 


697 


Copper, bbls. 




Rags, scks 


3,091 


Feed, bags 


139,855 


209,084 


353.688 


Copper, |>ij;s . 


31,790 


Shingles, No.. 


66,204,450 




390,000 


696,000 


406,000 


Copper, plates 


2,300 


Staves, No.. . . 


1,490,500 


Iron ore, tons . . 


8,863 


8,071 


21,534 


Cotton, bis . . 


1,786 


Stavebolts cds 


9,199 


Lumber, ft 


.240,139,090 228,929,099 


275,586,051 


Coal, tns . . . 


580 


Seed, flax, bu. 


2,960.163 


Lath, No 


16,930,850 


12,046,500 


16,210,400 


Cornmeal, bbl 


8,188 


Seed, baga . . . 


54,454 


Lard, tcs 


34,777 


45,120 


205,193 


Feed, bgs . . . 


353,688 


Spelter, plates 


41,752 


Lead, pigs 


63,637 


72,229 


104,391 


Feed, tns 


7*0 


Stearine, bbls. 


797 


Lead, tons 


1,850 


70 


90 


Fish, pkgs . . . 


25.0S3 


Sugar, bbN. . . 


375 


Oilcake, sacks. . 


110,489 


130,793 


205,450 


Glucose, bbls. 


11.348 


Starch, bxs.. . 


10,5-1 


Oatmeal, bbls . . 


1.500 


6,944 


5,414 


Grease, tcs. . . 


5,7(19 


Starch, bbls.. 


300 




6,575 


10,974 


18,37f> 


Qides, bla 


1,084 


Silver ore, sck 


38,277 


Pork, bbls 


41,520 


3,940 


26.983 


Bay, bis 


1,807 


Silver ore. tns 


900 


Railroad ties. No. 


21,831 


44,853 




218 


Tallow, bbls.. 


8,046 




797.115 


2,940,559 


1,490,500 


Hair, bis .... 


60 


Tow, bis 


860 


Shingles, No 


. 41,358,500 


53,495.250 


66,204,450 


Hoops, No. . . 


406.000 


Tobacco, pkgs 


10,416 


Stavebolts, cds. 


7,369 


15,000 


9,199 


Iron ore, tns. 


21,531 


Wool, bis .... 


10.786 


Seed, flax, bu . . 


998,022 


2,752,860 


2,960,163 


Lumber, It. .. 




Wood, cds 


765 




58.423 


40,749 


54,454 


Lath, No 


16,210,400 


Zinc, csks. .. 


106 


Wool, bales . . . 


4,224 


16,438 


10,786 



TEE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



45 



Comparative statement showing the aggre- 
gate receipts of flour and grain at Buffalo 
by lake, during the past three years : 

1884. 1885. 1886. 

Flour, bbls 1,823,143 3,008,778 4,300,210 

Wheat, bu 33,671,756 27,226,275 40,921,205 

Coin, bu 16,051,163 20,245,770 2o,494,838 

Oats, bu 3,113.781 690.099 864,356 

Barley, bu 537.937 569,017 755,184 

Eye, bu 2,376;i86 237,904 151,025 

Total grain, bu.. 55,750,823 48,969,065 68,186,608 

Statement showing the rates of freight on 
wheat and corn from Chicago to Buffalo 
on the dates given : 

. 1884. 1885. 1886. 

Wheat. Corn. Wheat. Corn. Wheat. Corn. 

May 4 2)4 2 3 2% 3^ 3 

May 11 2J4 2 2)4 2 3% 3^4 

May 18 2 IX \% 1)4 3 2% 

May 25 2% 2 1)4 1M 2)4 2a 

June 1 2)4 IX IVz IX 2^ 2)4 

June 8 IX 1)4 V6 IX 2% 2 

June 15 2% 2 1% 1 2}4 2X 

June 22 2X 2% IX- IX 3X 3 

June 29 2)4 2 1% IX 3X 3 

July6 2 IX 2 IX 2)4 2 

July 13 2 IX 1}4 1)4 2)4 2)4 

July 20 2 IX IX 1 3 2M 

July 27 2 IX 1 1 3 2% 

Aug.3 IX Wz 2 IX 3 2% 

Aug. 10 IX IX IX IX 3 2% 

Aug. 17 ih ix m m m 3 

Aug. 24 2 IX 2J4 2 3i| 3 

Aug. 31 2X 2 1% 1% 4 3X 

Sept. 7 2X 2*T 1% IX 5X 5 

Sept. 11 2 1M IX 1^ 4# 4 

Sept. 21 2 IX 1# IX 4 3X 

Sept.28 IX IX 1^ IX 4% 4M 

Oct. 5 IX IX 1% 1% 5 4% 

Oct. 12 1% 1% 2\4 2% 5 4X 

Oct. 19 m 1)4 2% 2)4 4X 4X 

Oct. 26 2J^ 2 3 2% 4% 4^ 

Nov. 2 2X 2% 3)4 3 4<4 4 

Nov. 9 2J4 2 2^ 2>^ 4)4 4 

Nov. 16 2 2 2V£ 2J4 3X 3 

Nov. 23 2% 2 2 2 4)4 4 

Nov. 30 4)4 4 3)4 3 5)4 4X 



Statement showing the aggregate receipts 
of grain and the total receipts of flour 
reduced to its equivalent in wheat at 
Buffalo for the past forty-five years : 







Grain, including 




Grain, bu. 


flour, bu. 


1842 


2,015,928 


5,687,463 






6.642,610 


1844 


2,365,568 


6,910,718 


1845 


1,848,040 


5,581,700 


1846 


6,493,522 


13,386,167 


1847 


9,868,187 


19.153,187 


1848 


7.396,912 


14,641,012 


1849 


8,628,013 


14,665,183 


1850 


6,618,003 


12,059,556 


1851 


11,078,741 


17,740,781 


1852 


13,392,937 


20,390,504 


1853 


11,078,741 


15,956,526 


1854... 


18,553,455 


22.252.235 


1855 


19.788,473 


24,472,278 


1856 


20,123,667 


25,763,907 


1857 


15.348,930 


10,578,690 


1858 


20,202,244 


26,812,890 


1859 


..... 14,429,069 


21,530,622 


1860 


31,441,440 


37,053,115 


1861 


50,682,646 


61,460,601 


1862 


58.642,314 


72,872,454 




49,845,062 


64,735,510 


1864 


41,044,096 


51,177.146 


1865 


42,473,228 


51,415,183 


1866 


51.830,342 


58.388,087 


1867 


43,079,079 


50,168,064 


1868 


42,573,125 


50,197,215 


1869 


37,456,131 


45,489,276 


1870 


38,208,039 


45,477,604 


1871 


61,319,313' 


67,529,158 


1872 


58.703,606 


62,550,566 




.. .. 65,499,955 


70,962,520 


1874 


55,665,198 


62,525,153 


1875 


52,883,451 


57,967.661 


1876 


44,207,121 


48.184,036 


1877 


61,822,292 


65,145,407 


1878 


79,823,548 


84,540,803 


1879 


74.105,455 


78,547.578 


1880 


105,184,136 


110.465,866 


1881 


54,288,351 


58,088,071 


1882 


50,321,841 


57,298.316 


1883 


64,264,483 


73,126,028 


1884 


55,750,823 


64.866.538 


1885 


48,969.065 


64,012,955 


1886 


68,186,608 


90,137,658 



Comparative statement showing the ship- 
ments of a few leading articles from 
Buffalo by lake for thirteen years : 

Coal, Cement, Salt, Salt, 

tons. bbls. bbls. tons. 

1886 1,472.924 368,914 191.890 2,831 

1885 1,416,547 269,271 137,093 8,961 

1884 1,359,980 195,640 64,510 7.246 

1883 1,177,074 214.724 118,422 13,786 

1882 964,336 184,327 96.053 10,937 

1881 841.312 164,521 112,812 12.341 

1880 246.050 156,733 234,826 16.842 

1879 513,580 114.802 253.647 26,385 

1878 325,676 85,093 243,303 18,167 

1877 439,399 114,402 352.638 6,665 

1876 356 970 156,410 261.640 2,220 

1875 541.812 165,436 356,410 20,410 

1874 396,564 156,371 461,512 5,000 



Statement showing the opening and clos- 
ing of lake and canal navigation at 
Buffalo during the past thirteen years : 

Lake Canal Canal Days 

opened. opened. closed, open. 

1874 April 18 May 5 Dec. 5 215 

1875 May 2 May 18 Nov. 27 194 

1876 May 6 May 4 Dec. 5 216 

1877 April 17 May 8 Dec. 7 214 

1878 Mar. 16 April 15 Dec. 7 287 

1879 April 24 May 8 Dec. 6 213 

1880 Mar. 18 April 20 Nov. 21 215 

1881 May 1 May 17 Dec. 8 206 

1882 Mar. 26 April 11 Dec. 7 212 

1883 April 28 May 7 Dec. 1 209 

1884 April 22 May 6 Dec. 1 210 

1885 May 2 May 11 Dec. 1 205 

1886 April 16 May 1 Dec. 1 214 



The Erie Canal. 



The business of the canal during the season last closed has doubtless 
exceeded the expectations of its most ardent friends. Compared with 1885 
there is an increase of 744 in the number of boats cleared; an increase of 



46 



TEE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



;.'»!:; bushels of wheat; a deo'rease of 186,202 bushels of corn; an 
increase of 1 15,104 bushels of barley; an increase of 129,512 bushels of flax- 

.,11,1 an increase of L0,325, 492 feel of Lumber. In the receipts, pig iron 
buows an increase of 84,413,164 lbs., the arrivals of this article being more 
than three times the amount which came to hand in 1885; the same is true 
of bloom and bar iron, which shows an increase of 76,036,130 lbs. 



Comparative statement showing t he ship- 
ments of most articles from Buffalo by 
canal for three \ ears : 

1884 1885 1886 

Lumber, ft 47,739,858 54,265,7&3 64,591,275 

Staves, lbs 81,915,800 .J3,3i;!t,500 27,445,500 

Shingles, M 18,914 9,031 10,541 

Floor, bote 4,812 2.991 4,518 

Wheat, bu 25.69--J.803 18,803,758 31,801,701 

Corn, hii 6,941,741 12,731.(111 12,545,408 

Rye.bu 2,000,203 228,742 

Barley, bu 205,603 138,190 283,294 

Hurley Malt, ba 204.650 204,335 106.149 

Oats ba 3,0H5,328 350,587 320,760 

Bran, etc., lbs 1,795.574 1,331,491 924,000 

i 8,024 23,809 

Clover seed, lbs 15,000 

Flax seeds, lbs 10,347.905 84,080,948 91.851,705 

Oilcake, lbs 1.575.000 628 000 2.073,000 

Pig iron, lbs 5,375,010 7,037,780 11,520,480 

Sundry mdse, lbs.... 47.600 12,000 

Stone lime, etc.. lbs. 4,000,000 3.106.000 8,489,000 
Bituminous coal, lbs. 63.915,781 54,(101,(100 39,352,687 

Sundries, lbs 8,883,792 3,370,500 5,285,460 

Total boats cleared.. 6,413 5,670 7,414 



Statement showing the amount of grain 
shipped by canal from Buffalo, and 
points of destination of the same, dur- 
ing the season of 1886 : 

Wheat. Com. Oats. Barley. 

Lockport 848.229 10,488 

Rochester 652,250 

Utica 149,400 

Geneva 96,911 

Albion 500 3,000 

Baldwinsville 8,600 

Ithaca 5.000 

Gasport 2,500 3,000 

Lyons 9,250 

Fulton ville 95,861 55,955 

Oswego .... 8,200 

Phoenix 15,979 

Syracuse 157,808 148,937 .... 2,959 

Frankfort 16,000 

Little Falls .... ... 91,925 

Schenectady... 26,800 790,922 61,700 

Canajoharie. . . . 33,855 

Fort Plain 8,386 

Troy 1,743,561 573,967 

Albany 28,818,213 10,631,773 265,060 174,174 

Totals 31,861,701 12,545,408 320,700 283,294 

1885.. 18,003,758 12,731,611 350.587 138,190 



Shipments of flour and grain for three 
years : 

Canal opened May 7. May 7. May 1. 

Flour, bbla 5,349 4,812 4,518 

Wheat, bu 17,842,272 25,592,802 31,861.701 

Corn,bu 18.472.804 6,941,741 12.545.408 

<>uts. bu 2,949,375 3,000,328 320.700 

Barley, bu 283,982 204.603 283,294 

Bye, bu 2,821.790 2,006,283 

Total, bu 42,370,223 37,871,757 45,017,103 

Plo'r to wheat bu 26,745 24,060 22,590 

Grand total, bu.. 42,390,908 37,895,817 45,039,753 



lieceipts by canal for three years 



r, ft 

Timber, cubic ft 

Barley, bu 

Apples, bbls. . , . 

llil.bbls 

Pi:; iron, lbs ... 
Castlngs,etc lbs 
Bloom iron. lbs. 

Phosphates, lbs, 
Dom, salt, lbs.. . 

i salt, lbs 
Sugar, lbs 

-. lbs. . . 

Coffee, li>s 

It R, iron, lbs. 
Crock'y.etc., lbs 
M'chaiHi 
Stone, el 

Coal, lbs 

Sundries, lbs 



1834. 
1,554,894 
515,152 



2,833,978 
61,562,711 

65 761 191 
B8,2fl0,658 

5(1,1. Mi 570 

24,476.798 
1 1,159.034 
44,616,408 
94 ikmi 951 
808,842,508 



1885. 
124,278 
9,245 

"lV.isi 

868,294 

265,529 
12 010,524 

28,998 906 

1,535,549 

8,645 166 

155,563 

2,481 178 

211,840 

50 i98 945 

295,909,676 

860,695,773 

0(1,191,501) 



1886. 
1,030,074 
7,710 
84,430 

'■ « n. (.;r»{ 

123,509,074 

l,7«3,446 

118,646,654 

107.712, 279 

1 1,742,225 

26 676,265 

19,054.756 

0,346,211 

9,015,482 

317,250 
115,267,550 
842,297,682 
162,890,638 
180,894,982 



Statement showing the rate of freight on 
wheat, corn and lumber, from Buffalo 

to New York, on the dates named : 

, 1885. , , 1886. , 

Wheat, Com, Lumb'r. Wheat, Corn, Lum'r. 

bu. bu. ft. bu. bu. ft. 

May 11... 5 4% $2.65 5^ 5 $2.50 

May 18.... 4)4 4 2.65 6^ 5J£ 2.50' 

May 25.... 3M 3% 2.30 5% 5 2.50 

June 1... 3«4 3 2.10 5 4% 2.50 

June 8.....3X 3 2.00 4% 4 2.50 

June 15.... 354 3M 2.00 3& 3 2.50 

June 22 ...3 3% 2.00 3»4 3 2.50 

June 29... 3 3M 2.00 W± 3^ 2 00 

July 6.... 3 2% 2.00 3*1 .3% 2 00 

July 18.... 8 2% 2.00 3 5 8 8& 2.0Q 

July 20.... 3& 3 2.00 4 3% 2.00 

July 27.... Z% 2% 1.90 5 4)4 2.00 

Aug. 3 .. %% 2% 1.90 5 4\4 2.25 

Aug. 10. ...8# 354 1-90 4% 4% 2.25 

Aug. 17... 3% 3!^ 1.90 5tf 4% 2.15 

Aug. 24. ...4 Z% 2.00 5% 5^ 2.75 

Aug. 31....4& 3% 2.00 6 5^ 2.75 

Sept. 7.... 3% 3% 2.00 6 b% 2.75 

Sept. 14 ...3% %% 2.10 OX 6 3.00 

Sept. 21... 3% Z% 2.10 by e 5% 3.00 

Sept. 28... B% 3% 2.10 b% 5% 3.00 

Oct. 5....3Jjf ZY4 2.00 6 5% 3.00 

Oct. 12....3X 3M 1-90 4\ 4% 2.75 

Oct. 19 ...4 3^ 1.90 5X 5 2.75 

Oct. 26 ... 5 4^ 2.00 5% 5^ 2.75 

Nov. 2... 5# 5 2.50 h% 5 2.75 

Nov. 9... 5tf 5 2.75 4)4 4 2.75 

Nov. 16. ...4 3tf 2.75 4% 4 2.75 

Nov. 23....5X 5 2.75 5% 5 2.75 



Canal clearances, 1886, 7,414. 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



47 



Following are the shipments in bushels of 
grain by rail from the Buffalo elevators 
for the years noted : 

1886. 

Wheat 7,792 632 

Corn 12,380,886 

Oats 484.717 

Barley 219,064 

Rye 42,000 

Total bu.... 20,919,299 11,315,544 12,397,249 
And total shipments for previous ten years: 



1885. 


1884. 


4,832,616 


3,360,152 


5,923,151 


8,503,104 


462,258 


249,233 


90,610 


67,131 


6,900 


217,629 



1883 17,403,379 

1882 13,205.193 

1881 21.808,356 

1880 30,958,927 



1879 16,308,526 

1878 19,136,668 

1877 14,235,805 

1876 13,672,732 



Receipts and shipments of lumber 

as follows for three years: 
At Buffalo— receipts by lake — 

1886. 1885. 

Lumber, ft 279,493.000 240,637,000 231. 

Shingles, No... 58,582,000 52,716,000 37. 

Shipments by Canal. 

Lumber, ft 64,591,250 54.264.750 47, 

Shingles, No... 10,541,750 9,031,000 9, 
At Tonawanda— receipts by lake — 

1886. 1885. 

Lumber, ft 505,425, 100 498,631,000 493. 

Shingles, No... 32,636,000 

Shipments by Canal. 

Lumber, ft 347,932.840 355. 230,400 384 

Shingles. No... 32,036,000 26,082.750 32 



1884. 

653,000 

616.0CO 

39,850 
457,000 

1884. 
268,200 



455,640 
652,000 



The tonnage of the port of Buffalo, N. Y., 
for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1886, 
is shown by the following statement : 

Iron propellers 8 1 Iron yachts ... 2 

Iron tugs 3 | — 

Total 12 

Total gross tonnage 14,305.17 

Tugs 48 ! Propellers 50 

Yachts 13 I St'm canal b'ts. 9 

Total 120 

Total gross tonnage 64,588.83 

Schooners 36 

Total gross tonnage 18,312.87 

Barges 25 

Total gross tonnage 6,478.56 

Canal boats 21 

Total gross tonnage 2,772.13 

Grand total, 1886. .214 vessels— tonnage. .106,517.56 
Grand total, 1885. .214 vessels— tonnase.. 112.014.60 
Grand total, 1884.. 216 vessels— tonnage.. 110,304.56 
Grand total, 1883.. 228 vessels -tonnage. .118,347.62 
Grand total, 1882. .225 vessels— tonnase.. 110, 180.50 
Grand total, 1881. .217 vessels— tonnage.. 100,815.43 
Grand total, 1880.. 212 vessels— tonnage.. 99,543.69 
Grand total, 1879.. 211 vessels— tonnage.. 97,734.46 



The following is a summary of the ar- 
rivals and departures of vessels, with 
their tonnage, in the district of Buffalo 
creek for the season of 1866 ; also, a 
comparative statement showing the ag- 
gregate figures for thirty-five years: 

Arrivals — 

Vessels in coastwise trade entered. .2,928 2,239,477 

American vessels entered from for- 
eign ports 170 28,690 

Foreign vessels entered from foreign 
ports 765 98,662 

Total in 1886 3,863 2,366.829 

Totaiir. 1885 3,455 2,146,041 

Increase in 1886 408 220,788 

Clearances — 

Vessels in coastwise trade cleared.. 2,984 2,267,174 

American vessels cleared 166 23,603 

Foreign vessels cleared 759 95,861 

Total in 1886 3,909 2,386,638 

Totalinl885 3,479 2,049,839 

Increase in 1886 430 336,799 



LIVE STOCK. 

With one exception Buffalo boasts the largest and most complete stock- 
yards in the world — those at East Buffalo, under the superin tendency of 
Mr. L. B. Crocker, of whom more extended mention is made on page 143. 
The comparative receipts and shipments for 1886, and for the six previous 
years, were as follows: 



RECEIPTS. 

Month. Cattle, Hogs, 

cars. cars. 

January 2,156 2,842 

February 1.757 1,913 

March 1.895 1,655 

April 1,893 1,833 

May 2,086 2,330 

June 2.208 1,863 

July 3,170 1,758 

August 3,234 2,111 

September 2,796 2,137 

October 2,990 2,979 

November 3,199 3.367 

December 2,697 3,126 

Total 30,081 27,914 



Sheep, 


lorses, 


cars. 


cars. 


1,162 


77 


713 


121 


639 


217 


602 


199 


504 


201 


679 


155 


775 


127 


824 


137 


709 


124 


929 


114 


801 


77 


987 


79 



9,324 1,622 



SHIPMENTS. 

Month, Cattle, Hogs, 

cars. cars. 

January 1,868 1.971 

February 1,634 1,398 

March 1,726 1.267 

April 1,840 1371 

May 1,954 1,701 

June 2,084 1,387 

July 2,700 1,200 

August 2,902 1,387 

September 2,464 1,476 

October 2.727 2,249 

November 3,918 2,547 

December 2,446 1,924 

Total 27,362 19,898 



Sheep, 


Horses, 


cars. 


cars. 


931 


50 


683 


120 


626 


214 4 


477 


178' 


512 


185 


559 


152 


612 


103 


629 


115 


634 


109 


734 


105 


619 


76 


665 


87 



7,681 1,494 



48 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 













Shipments 


—Continued. 






Cattle, 


Hogs, 


Sheep, 






Bogs, 


Sheep, 


Eorses, 


- — 


car-. 








Via cars. 




cars. 


cars. 


. \1 s 


. 16,81(1 


16,847 




1,800 


\ Y. C & 11. R. 16,118 


14,884 


1,499 


821 






6.901 


1.178 


66 


Del.. L. & W 5,288 


777 


83S 


196 


Grand Trunk 


8,640 


1,610 




188 


\ r.,L i: & \\ 


4,197 


1,919 


1110 


Mich. I 






1,416 


168 


W. Bl Shore .... 8,610 


584 


427 


314 


B &3 Weal 


... 118 


IK 




I 


I: . N Y. A P.... 89 





1 


3 


l: . N Y & P 




16 


16 


, 










1 1 A U 


■i 


1 













n ■> ■ a ii 


K 8 


•> 


l 


o 


Total, 1sso 27.302 


19,898 


7,684 


1 .494 












Total, 1885 21.340 


16,594 


6,65 1 


1,160 


'I'ni i 




87,91 1 


9,824 


1,623 


Total, 1884. ... 28,441 


15,791 


6,665 


1,252 


'i'. t.. 






10,068 


1,844 


Total. 1883 32,73."> 


15,780 


(i,916 


999 


Toli 




81,120 




1,375 


Total, 1888 85.024 


13,660 


6.819 


956 






80,699 


Slid 


1.064 


Total, 1881 .... 41,084 


12.533 


4,654 


853 


Tol i 




17,908 




1,094 


Total, 1880 . . .44,568 


16,002 


4,698 


1,105 


. irai. 




16,857 


5,562 


1,022 










I, 1880 


46,258 




5,156 


1,293 











GROWTH OF THE TRADE. 

Tin' following table shows the growth 
of the trade at this point from the year 
1874 to 1886, inclusive: 

Cattle, Hogs, Sheep, Horses, 

Year. head. head. head. head. 

1-71. . ..604,694 1,481,800 7*3.800 21,936 

1,067,300 831,000 18.181 

1876 616,790 1,160.210 872,928 12.542 

B.915 1,128.770 762.600 12.557 

2,063,765 1. 032.225 13,602 

]-;ii ... .688,556 1,916,015 1,019.600 20,976 

,886 2.251.815 1,083,200 20.708 

1881... 8,096,325 1.113.350 17,366 

1.955 1,965,350 1,460.000 17.370 

79,580 1,622,000 17.040 

. . . 507,620 2.428.M * I 1 ,512. U © 22, 

1885 428,870 2,013.20(1 2,010.600 19.904 

1886 511,377 3,710,110 1,864,800 29,196 



STOCK SLAUGHTERED. 

The following table shows the estimated 
amount of stock slaughtered in this city 
from the year 1874 to 1886, inclusive: 

Cattle, Hogs, Sheep, 
Year head. head. head. 

1874 35,073 173,300 96.800 

is?:, 19.956 159,500 11^,200 

1876 25,051 208,560 103.678 

1S77 20.15S 171.000 47,500 

1878 53,025 386.210 175,255 

1S79 23,511 310.845 87,600 

1 ssi i 28,000 406,295 88,600 

1881 35,846 443,100 98.000 

1882 35.547 400.180 196.200 

1883 47.200 570.630 2:58,800 

1884' 24,123 612.835 201,400 

1885 65.994 704.950 679,800 

1886 40,223 921,8b0 328,600 



The following table shows the number of 
carloads of sale and through stock re- 
ceived at the New York Central stock 
yards for the year just closed as com- 
pared with the year 1885: 
Through stock — 

Cattle, Hogs, Sheep, 

cars. cars. cars. 

1886 14,839 10,512 1,676 

1885 11,154 9,654 1,742 

Increase 3,685 85S 

Decrease 66 

Sale stock— 

Cattle, Hogs, Sheep, 

cars. cars. cars. 

1886 lit 9,418 6,618 

1883 8,597 7,730 6,593 

Increase 1,866 1,688 23 



The following figures give the approxi- 
mate cash value of the total receipts of 
the live stock at this point, the value 
of the sale stock, and value of stock 
slaughtered in this city for the year 
1886, estimating cattle $4.00, hogs at 
$4.40, sheep and lambs at $4.50 per cwt. : 

Value of total receipts- 
Cattle $24,064,800.00 

Hoga 27,120,752.00 

Sheep 6,291,700.00 

Total $57,477,252.00 

Value of sale stock — 

Cattle $ 8,460,800.00 

Hogs 9,249,240.00 

Sheep 4,509.000.00 

Total $22,219,040.00 

Value of stock slaughtered— 

Cattle $2,175,200.00 

Hogs 7,759,488.00 

Sheep 1,069,025.00 

Total $1 1,003,713.00 



Regulation of Live Stock Transportation. 

February 18th, State Senator Coggeshall introduced a bill providing, in 
substance, that on and after its passage it shall be unlawful for any railroad 
company, whose line of road is wholly or in part within the limits of this 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 49 



State, to discriminate against any person, company, or corporation by 
declining to receive upon its road and haul to their destination, over a part 
or the whole of such line of railroad, any live stock in suitable condition 
for shipment which may be loaded in the car or cars of any person, com- 
pany, or corporation, providing such car or cars are so constructed as to 
make them safe for the purposes for which they are employed; that when 
cars are constructed in such manner as to make them safe for transporting 
live stock in suitable condition for shipment, it shall be the duty of any 
railroad company, whose line of road is wholly or in part within the limits 
of this State, to receive and haul the car or cars to the desired destinations 
upon the same terms, subject to the same conditions and liable to the same 
obligations as it is then hauling similar car or cars for other railroad 
companies under like conditions ; that whenever it shall become necessary 
to move any empty car or cars, owned or operated by any person, company, 
or corporation, from one place to another for the receipt of live stock to be 
shipped, the railroad company shall receive such car or cars and haul it or 
them to the desired destination or destinations upon the same terms and 
subject to the same conditions as it is then hauling empty cars for other 
railroad companies for the same purpose; that any railroad company whose 
line of road is wholly or in part within the limits of this State, who shall 
violate any of the provisions of this act shall be liable to the person, 
company, or corporation owning or operating said car or cars, for all 
damages which may result therefrom ; that said damages may be recovered 
in action prosecuted in any court having jurisdiction thereof, and that any 
railroad company, whose line of road is wholly or in part within the limits 
of this State, who shall violate any of the provisions of this act shall, in 
addition to the right of action given in the preceding section, be liable to 
the consignor or consignors or the consignee or consignees of such stock for 
all damages which may result therefrom. The same may be recovered in 
an action prosecuted in any court having jurisdiction thereof. 



THE NIAGARA RIVER. 

This stream, narrow, swift and dangerous for some distance below the 
inlet, connecting Lake Erie with Lake Ontario and supplying the vast 
volume of water that rushes in eternal thunder over Niagara Falls, is navi- 
gable and utilized for the needs of commerce as far as Tonawanda, twelve 
miles below Buffalo and the principal lumber port of the State. The river 
is a picturesque and romantic feature, dotted with islands of greater or less 
extent, the principal ones being Squaw Island, Grand Island and Strawberry 
Island. Strawberry and Squaw Islands are flat and low-lying, but produce 
excellent crops ; Grand Island is partly under cultivation, and is adorned 
with a fine grove and provided with the necessary accessories of a popular 
pleasure resort, being reached by steamer throughout the summer. A fine 
hotel is being built, which will greatly add to the attractions. The Niagara 
is spanned at Black Rock by the great International bridge of the Grand 
Trunk railway — one of the greatest engineering triumphs ever achieved. A 
ship canal extends from Buffalo harbor to Black Rock, and sailing vessels and 
barges towed to Tonawanda by way of the river are towed back past the 
rapids to the lake via canal. The following shows the number of lumber 



• 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



nd rafta thai passed and repassed through the International bridge 
daring the pac a of navigal ion : 



! II. 


m re 


i M HER \ 

111 

360 
328 

290 
318 
246 
248 
166 
17 


Raft?. 


Total. 




98 

4J6 

771 

1,056 

1 007 

74.-, 

465 

382 

14 


'io 

7 


209 

796 

1,094 




1,356 

1,332 

995 




713 




448 




31 


Total for season 


1,874 

4,071 


2,079 

1.715 


21 
40 


6,974 




5,826 




803 


36 1 


*19 


1,148 


* Decrease. 












International Bridge.— (Grand Trunk Railway.) 



THE GRAIN TRADE. 



BUFFALO unquestionably owes her past prosperity and present promi- 
nence more to the Erie canal than to all other causes combined. 
Projected in 1807, it was opened for traffic in 1825, and at once became 
the great artery of commerce between the East and West, pouring into the 
lap of Buffalo, directly and indirectly, untold wealth, accruing from the 
handling of eastward-bound grain and westward-bound merchandise, bring- 
ing hither legions of industrious people of all classes — enterprising specu- 
lators, merchants, manufacturers, bankers, shipbuilders, railroad projectors, 
mechanics, laborers, and all the elements that combine to build up and 
advance a community. The growth of this city from that date to the present 
has been, if not phenomenal, at least steady and substantial, as is evidenced 
by the statistics of population. In 1825, the year of inauguration of the 
great water-way from the lakes to the Hudson and thence to the Atlantic, 
Buffalo contained 2,412 souls; in 1880, 8,668; in 1835, 15,661; in 1840, 
18,213; in 1845, 29,773; in 1850, 42,261; in 1S55,74,414; in 1860, 81,129; 
in 1865, 94,502 ; in 1870, 117,714; in 1875, 134,573; in 1880, 163,506; in 

1885, 232,440, and (estimated) in 1886, 240,604. Whoever may have origin- 
ated the idea, it is certain that to Governor DeWitt Clinton's unbounded 
industry, energy and determination, more than to any other one cause, is 
the city, the State and the nation indebted for the prosecution and comple- 
tion of this then mighty work of internal improvement, undertaken under 
the greatest discouragements and carried on to a triumphant issue in the 
face of difficulties such as no other public or private enterprise on this con- 
tinent ever encountered, means and resources considered. 

Notwithstanding the powerful combinations to divert the grain trade to 
the railroads, and to the Welland canal and St. Lawrence, the Erie canal has 
bravely held its own under adverse circumstances, as will be seen by the 
appended tables of imports and exports for the years 1883, 1884, 1885 and 

1886, for which we are indebted to Secretary Thurstone, of the Merchants' 
Exchange : 






THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



Cab vl upenkd. 



Flour, barrels. 



--!. May 7,1884. May 11,1885. Mat 1, IKSfi 



5,349 



Wheat, baehels. 
< lorn, bushels. . . 
Oats, bushels.. . . 
Barley, bushels. 

1!\ <■. lui-Oiels. . . . 



Total, bushels 

Flour to wheat, bushels. 



Grand total, bushels. 



17,824,272 

is. 172,804 

2,949,875 

283,982 

2,821.790 



42,352,223 
26,7 15 



42,378,908 



4,813 



'•2,802 

6,941,741 

8,066,328 

204,603 

2,066,283 



37,871,757 
24.065 



37,895,822 



2,991 

18,003,758 

12,731,011 
350,587 
138,190 
228,742 



31,452,888 
14,955 



31,467,843 



4,518 

31,861,701 

12,545,408 

326,760 

283,294 



45,017,163 
22,590 



45,039,753 



Previous to 1842 the commercial grain elevator was unknown, and the 
unloading of lake vessels and loading of canal- boats was accomplished by 
the slow and laborious process of carrying the grain on the shoulders of 
laborers from one craft to the other. In the year named Joseph Dart, an 
ingenious and far-sighted Buffalo mechanic, conceived and carried into 
practical effect the idea of a steam elevator, adopted from that of Oliver 
Evans, in use in merchant flour mills. East and AVest. Before the Buffalo 
Historical Society, March 1865, Mr. Dart stated, in a paper prepared for the 
occasion : " My experiment from the very first working, was a decided and 
acknowledged success. Within a month after I started, a leading for- 
warder, who had confidently predicted that shippers could not afford to pay 
the charges of elevating by steam, came to me and offered double rates for 
accommodation, but my bins were all full. The great saving of time by the 
use of the elevator was immediately seen. To give an instance that occurs 
to my mind, the schooner John B. Skinner came into port, with four 
thousand bushels of wheat, early in the afternoon, and was discharged, 
received ballast of salt and left the same evening ; made her trip to Milan, 
Ohio, brought down a second cargo and discharged it, and on her return to 
Milan, went out in company with vessels which came in with heron the 
first trip down, and which had but just succeeded in getting rid of their 
freight in the old way." 

Never was an invention better timed. The great Northwest had just 
commenced her wonderful career of agricultural success, and the ever- 
increasing volume of her products sought an outlet through the lakes and 
the canal. Elevator after elevator was erected, until at this time some 
forty of these lofty structures of varying capacity line the Buffalo river and 
the canal, twenty-two of which are storage and ten transfer elevators, and 
five floaters ; and the demand is for increased facilities each year. Needless 
to say, railroad building, lake navigation and local improvement have kept 
pace with the commercial growth of the city, and she now stands in the 
front rank of inland business centers, with a bright vista of grand prospects 
before her — a future full of promise, to be realized only by continuing the 
policy of enterprise and commercial integrity that have already done so 
much for her. It is not, however, too much to say that the Erie canal is 
now, as heretofore, the key-stone in the arch of her hopes. Once let that 
superb work fall into the hands of its enemies, the railroads, or into desue- 
tude, and the knell of Buffalo's commercial supremacy will soon be heard ; 
her glory will have departed, and from the proud position of Queen of the 
Lakes she will descend to a mere way-station on the trunk railroad lines; 
her elevators will rot as they stand, her wharves go to ruin, and scarcely a 
sail will dot or a steam-tug ripple the bosom of her beautiful bay. 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 53 

Among the first to realize the importance to Buffalo and the West of an 
enlightened policy in the management of the canals, and to perceive the neces- 
sity for enlarging and making them free, was Hon. David 6. Bennett, one of 
the city's foremost business men. Mr. Bennett was born and reared on an 
Onondaga county farm, educated at the Onondaga academy, married and 
commenced life on a two-hundred acre farm transferred by his father, added 
to his gains by various trades, then entered the produce commission business 
at Syracuse, afterward organized the house of Bennett, Hall & Co., New 
York, and came to Buffalo in 1853 to represent it, purchasing the elevator 
erected by Joseph Dart, the first one in the world operated by steam. Not 
long afterward Mr. Bennett and the late George W. Tifft built another 
elevator on the Ohio basin, and subsequently the former joined A. Sherwood 
& Co. in the erection of still another on Coit slip, which was burned. In 
1862 work was begun on the Bennett elevator (Mr. B.'s individual enter- 
prise), which was completed in 1866, and which, with the " Union " 
adjoining, has a storage capacity of 700,000 bushels and can handle 
20,000,000 bushels per annum. In recognition of his business ability, 
patriotism and public services in a private capacity, Mr. Bennett was 
chosen in 1865 to represent the Buffalo district in the State Senate, where 
he distinguished himself by devotion to the material interests of his con- 
stituents, giving special attention to the canal system, urging enlargement 
of the locks to admit boats of 600 tons, and pointing out the unfortunate 
results that have since followed, the inadequacy of the craft plying the Erie 
and Oswego canals. Jealousy, indifference, possibly worse, defeated his 
efforts, but that his services were appreciated at home was proven by his 
overwhelming election to the Forty-first Congress. Thoroughly convinced 
of the incapacity and illiberality of the New York Legislature in its dealings 
with the canal question, Mr. Bennett introduced and carried through the 
proper committees a bill transferring to the general government the Erie 
and Oswego canals, and imposing upon it the duty of enlarging and main- 
taining them free of tolls — the condition being that the State Legislature 
would accept the proposition. That august body declined, in consequence 
of which the through canals fell into a state of neglect and partial disuse, 
and even the plan of making them free at State expense has not had the 
effect of reviving their commerce. Meantime the Canadian ship canal is 
completed, and Buffalo sees a large portion of the Western wheat-handling 
trade carried past her very doors as the penalty of hide-bound selfishness at 
Albany — an injury which a later more liberal policy looking to the improve- 
ments of the canals will require years to remedy. This triumph comes to Mr. 
Bennett after a persistent struggle of seventeen years, during which time 
he incessantly fought the interested opponents of his pet measure abroad, 
and a short-sighted and shallow press at home, incapable of rising to a 
broad national and patriotic view of a subject so nearly affecting the com- 
mercial supremacy of the United States on this continent and the immediate 
business interests of Buffalo. He carried his fight not only into the halls 
of State and federal legislation but into the State conventions, both Repub- 
lican and Democratic, meeting with repulse at every point, yet never 
despairing. Now, when the mischief is done and the damage from delay 
almost irremediable, he has the grim satisfaction of seeing his fiercest 
opponents and obstructionists flocking to his standard in a body. 

The following remarkable letter was written by this indefatigable cham- 
pion of the canals in the winter of 1885-86, and is well worthy of preserva- 
tion as a portion of the history of this remarkable struggle: 






THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



"You will now allow me to bring to public notice, briefly, the action 
taken during the Forty-first Congress, in which I had the honor to repre- 
sent this district. On the sixteenth of February I introduced a bill asking 
for an appropriation of fifteen million dollars, to be applied to the payment 
of the canal debt of the state of New York, and the prompt enlargement 
and improvement of the Erie and Oswego canals. This hill was discussed 
freely durum the first session, and a new bill introduced and referred to the 
committee of commerce, of which 1 was a member. It was unanimously 
reported from this committee, also from the committee of appropriations. 
1 then forwarded it to Mr. Alberger, a member of the State Legislature, 
asking for the passage of a joint resolution accepting the provisions of 
the bill. It was stopped there by him, without any apparent reason. I 
allowed the hill to remain quiet in the committee until after the adjourn- 
ment, simply forwarding a copy of it to the chamber of commerce in New 
York, which, as you know, is a body composed of commercial men of high 
Btanding. I then addressed a letter to its chairman, the late William E. 
Dodge, asking for a hearing at this conference. He replied promptly, 
naming the days of their meetings, and expressing a desire to hear me 
at any time. 1 thereupon presented the measure, and my brief argument 
in support of it was received and a resolution passed, unanimously indorsing 
it, before they adjourned. 

" With such indorsement as the two committees referred to above, com- 
posed of twenty-five men from all parts of the country, and the indorsement 
of the chamber of commerce of the city of New York, together with the 
convictions of the people of the country" during the last seventeen years, of 
the importance of the measure, I believe our present representatives from 
this district can pass a bill calling for an amount amply sufficient to enlarge 
and improve the Erie canal to the full extent of the water to supply the 
same, having it expressed in the bill that if promptly passed during this 
session, so as to give the State of New York the summer to procure the nec- 
essary materials, that it shall be completed and ready for navigation on the 
opening of the spring of 1887." 

THE WESTERN ELEVATING COMPANY. 



retary 1 . li. <Jootc, ot the western Elevating uompany, to cr 

mittee of the General Assembly, February 25, 1885, to which are added the 

official figures for 1885 and 188(3. Receipts for — 



1870 32,208,039 

is?! 61,31!),:'. 1 3 

58,703,666 

65,498,955 

1874 55.665.198 

53,833.451 

1876 44,207,121 

61,824,292 

78,828,443 

Concerning the facilities that exist here for handling this vast aggregate 
of grain, Mr. William Thurstone, in his "Commerce, Industries and Re- 
sources of Buffalo" (1883), says: 

'• With very few equals in the world as a grain port, its terminal facilities 
are very extensive and complete. Grain is received, transferred, stored and 



1879 75,089,708 

1880 105,133,009 

1881 56,389,827 

1SS2 51,561.503 

1883 65,722,080 

1884 58,011,800 

1885 52,000,000 

1886 75,570,850 



TEE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 55 

forwarded with greater dispatch than at any other port in this country. 
The river, for about a mile from its mouth, is lined with immense elevators 
and floaters, provided with all of the most improved appliances for handling 
cereals. The transfer of grain cargoes from vessels into storehouses and 
canal-boats, prior to 1843, was done by manual labor, being raised from the 
hold in tubs and bags. In that year Mr. Joseph Dart erected the first 
elevator ever built for storing and transferring grain, with steam power, and 
with a storage capacity of 55,000 bushels, and a transfer capacity of 1.5,000 
bushels per day, near the mouth of Buffalo river. Now there are twenty- 
two elevators, ten transfer elevators and five floaters, thirty-seven in all, 
most of which are massive structures, costing in the aggregate about 
$6,000,000. Their combined storage capacity reaches 9,215,000 bushels, 
while their daily transfer capacity is 3,102,000 bushels. That is to say, the 
elevators of Buffalo are capable of receiving from lake vessels and trans- 
ferring to canal-boats and cars, daily, 3,000,000 bushels of grain if called 
upon to do so. Much has been said and written against these Buffalo 
elevators, but the fact that they furnish such excellent facilities to carriers 
and shippers, insuring quick dispatch and freedom from costly delays, is an 
advantage that can be scarcely overestimated. These elevators are owned 
by private individuals, excepting that the Connecting Terminal Railroad 
owns one, and the New York, Lake Erie & Western Eailroad one, and 
the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad two. Several of 
these elevators have machinery attached whereby 60,000 to 70,000 bushels 
of wet or damaged grain can be dried every twenty-four hours. The 
grain trade has steadily increased for years. The season's receipts for 1880 
were the largest on record, aggregating by lake and Lake Shore & Michigan 
Southern Railroad 175,000,000 bushels ; last year, 101,122,705 bushels. The 
facilities for forwarding this vast amount of grain were as extensive as the 
terminal facilities. The capacity of the canal has never been fully tested, 
and the shipments of 1880, which were the largest ever reported, and 
reached 72,000,000 bushels, were forwarded with as little effort as the 
36,000,000 bushels shipped in 1875. This fact is accounted for by the deepen- 
ing and improvement of the canal so as to permit of the passage of boats with 
increased speed. The total of all articles carried from Buffalo in 1880 aggre- 
gated 2,286,922 tons, of the value of 159,539,048, and in 1883, 1,361,421 
tons, valued at $35,866,304. The total freight received here was 553,846 
tons in 1883. The canal and railway competition thus afforded always 
insures cheap transportation rates. The Central, Erie, Philadelphia and 
Lackawanna railroads give much attention to conveying grain, and each 
moves large quantities received by lake as well as its through shipments. 
Their tracks run directly into the elevators, so that there is no carting and 
no handling outside of the elevator. It is no uncommon thing to see a large 
lake vessel being unloaded and two canal-boats and two trains of freight 
cars being loaded at the same time." 

Up to 1857 Buffalo boasted of but three elevators, and, there being no 
co-operation between their owners — no mutual agreement for the good of 
all — much confusion, inconvenience and loss ensued to all concerned. 
Warehouse receipts were of little value as collaterals; accommodations to 
parties having grained stored were obtainable only on unquestionable indorse- 
ment, and, in short, the honored axiom, " good as wheat," was of no weight 
at all. It was to remedy this state of affairs that the Western Elevating 
Company was organized in the year last named, and its benefits were so 
immediate, and have proved so great and permanent, that none save those 






THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



interi Bted in the unreasonable Increase of storage and freight rates have ever 
questioned the usefulness or endeavored to obstruct the company's opera- 
tions. As an evidence of the healthful effect of* the pooling arrangement 
upon the grain trade, there were bul three elevators then in existence here, 
all of which entered the combination, while t here are now thirty-seven under 
the control of the Western Elevating Company, as follows: 



: \GE ElKVATORS. 

* f Bennett 

Brown 

•City 

" ('. .'I. Wells 

Dnecting Terminal R. R 

Erie Basin 

f Kvans 

change 

I.\ on 

* f Marine 

*f Niagara A 

* f Niagara B 

*fN. Y., L. E. & Western... 

f Richmond . 

* Sternberg 

*\ St urges 

f Swiftsure 

* f Tifft 

t William Wells 

* f Wheeler 

f Watson 

* f \\ ilkeson 



Nominal Capacity. 



Total. 



600,000 
250,000 
600,000 
350,000 
950,000 
200,000 
250,000 
250,000 
100,000 
150,000 
650,000 
1,200,000 
650,000 
250,000 
150,000 
300,000 
175,000 
350,000 
200,000 
200,000 
600,000 
200,000 



8,625,000 



Transfer Elevators. 



Chicago 

Western Transit 

Fulton 

Horton 

f Kellogg & McDougall. 

Merchants 

Northwest 

National Mills 

| Schreck 

Union 



Nominal Capacity. 



25,000 
25,000 



rs,ooo 



Total. 



Capacity storage. 
Grand total . . . 



Floating Elevators. 



Buffalo 

Free Trade . 
Free Canal. 
I. Y. Munn. 
Marquette . . 
Niagara. .'. . 



15,000 

100,000 

40,000 

60,000 



340,000 



8,625,000 
8,965.000 



* Have railroad connection. t Running in 1886. 

Elevating and storage rates have also steadily declined under this admir- 
able system — thus: In 1869 the rate for elevating and five days' storage was 
two cents per bushel ; in 1885, three-fourths of one cent. It will be seen, 
therefore, that the benefits secured by this company are not confined to its 
own members, but are distributed with an even hand among its patrons, 
and through them to the general public — to the consumers. 

The company, as before intimated, is composed of the owners of all the 
elevators in this port save two, newly erected. The officers are: C. A. 
Bloomer, president; R. R. Buck, vice-president; P. G. Cook, jr.. secretary 
and treasurer. Office, No. 64 Pearl street. 

President Bloomer is a very prominent business man and part proprietor 
of the Exchange (Western and Canada railroad) elevator, 250,000 bushels 
capacity, and a member of the Board of Trade and Merchants' Exchange. 
Vice-President R. R. Buck is also a prominent and respected business man 
and grain-handler ; while Secretary and Treasurer P. G. Cook, jr„ is, if we 
may judge by his pamphlet on " The Elevators and the Canals," in refuta- 
tion of groundless and mischievous charges against the former, an extraor- 
dinarily bright and well-versed man in all that concerns the interests which 
he represents. The executive committee is composed of the following well- 
known and responsible gentlemen : J. W. Whitney, G. F. Sowerby, E. T. 
Evans, A. J. Wheeler, John Wilkeson, C. C. Ricker and R. R. Buck. 



THE ERIE CANAL. 



TTTHIS superb and beneficent work, first opened for traffic throughout its 
r I M entire length in 1825, has done more than all other agencies to build 
up the fortunes of Buffalo and of the West. It was first known as 
the Grand Canal, and the country owes an everlasting debt of gratitude to 
DeWitt Clinton, who more than any other one man — nay, than all other 
men — labored for its success and pushed it to completion. At the time of 
its inauguration the canal was 363 miles in length, 40 feet wide at the sur- 
face, 28 feet wide at bottom, four feet deep, and contained 83 locks capable 
of accommodating boats of 70 tons burden. The entire cost was $9,000,- 
000. The work of enlargement, to accommodate boats of 210 tons, was 
undertaken in 1835 and finished in 1865, at an additional cost of 
$32,000,000. Writing of the celebration at the opening in 1825, Hon. 
Cadwallader D. Colden said, prophetically : ''When, these works are ac- 
complished a water communication between the lakes and the Mississippi 
river and 40,000 or 50,000 miles of navigable streams beyond may be made 
without difficulty and at little expense. New York will have advantages 
greater than any city has ever had, and must forever enjoy them without a 
rival. The commerce of the Mediterranean is the support of many great 
cities, but New York will stand above all at the entrance of this extensive 
channel, and must be a greater emporium than ever called herself the mis- 
tress of commerce." The New York Produce Exchange Weekly, referring 
to the grain trade of the metropolis, says: 

"The New York canals have not outlived their usefulness, whatever may 
be said to the contrary. The total quantity of flour, grain and meal, re- 
duced to bushels of grain, received at New York during 1886, was 130,910,- 
062 bushels, showing an increase of 4,272,631 bushels, or 3.4 per cent, over 
the quantity received in 1885. Of this enormous quantity the New York 
canals delivered during the navigation season of 1886, May to November 
inclusive, 44,036,522 bushels, or 33.64 per cent., against 20,930,587 bushels 
during the navigation season of 1885, showing the remarkable increase of 
14,105,935 bushels, or 47.13 per cent. Conditions were normal during 1886, 
a 25 cent tariff on grain from Chicago to New York having ruled through- 
out the season with very little deviation, which was not the case in 1885. 
The deliveries by rail during the five months of January, February, March, 
4 





ill 



M^\ c^^f y 



f§ r (s£^mm 




3®?|Ip|L 




' i- <r 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 59 

April and December, 1386, equaled 36,531,886 bushels, and during the 
seven months of open canal navigation the deliveries by all the railroads 
were 48,209,284 bushels, including flour and meal. In other words, during 
the navigation season of 1886 all the railroads together delivered only 
4.172,762 bushels more of grain, including flour and meal, than the canals 
did of grain alone. The total deliveries by rail during 1886 show a falling 
off of 8,227,370 bushels, or 8.85 per cent, compared with 1885, while, as 
shown above, the canal deliveries increased 14,105,935 bushels, or 47.13 per 
cent, over the previous season. The deliveries by river and coastwise during 
1886 were small, forming only 1.63 per cent, of the total, and these show a 
decrease of 1,605,934 bushels, or about 43 per cent, as compared with 1885."' 
As this work goes to press the New York Senate has just passed 
a bill, now in the hands of the Assembly for concurrence, appropriating 
$550,000 for canal improvement. There is little doubt that the bill 
will become a law in time to enable the canal commissioners to again 
enlarge the locks and improve the Erie canal during the coming year 
sufficiently to admit of the passage of boats of 720 tons burden. At first, 
as before noted, the largest boats were of 80 tons ; after the enlarge- 
ment the standard was raised to 240 tons and freight rates reduced 
50 per .cent. A proportionate increase of capacity will unquestionably 
result in a similar reduction of freight charges and enable shippers to 
lay down grain in New York at about two cents per bushel, besides causing 
the use of steam as a motive power, thus shortening the voyage by 
increasing the speed. The appropriation referred to is in pursuance 
of a bill offered by the Canal Union, passed and approved December 
28, 1886, which authorizes and directs the Superintendent of Public Works, 
before the opening of navigation in 1888, to cause to be lengthened one tier 
of eight or more locks east of Syracuse, and one tier of eight or more locks 
west of Syracuse on the Erie canal, * * * so as to most facilitate and im- 
prove the navigation of the canal. Said locks to be so lengthened and con- 
structed as to be 220 feet long, and not less than 18 feet wide in the clear, 
and to conform to the length of the berme experimental lock, No. 50, on 
said Erie canal, and shall include such machinery and appliances as in the 
judgment of the Superintendent of Public Works shall render the locks 
most efficient. Said Superintendent of Public Works is also authorized to 
put machinery for facilitating the passage of boats in such locks of the 
Oswego canal as shall be selected, * * * and is also authorized and 
directed to improve the Champlain canal by deepening it at such points as 
he shall deem most important. 

It is easily demonstrable that with the completion of the improvements 
referred to the capacity of the canal would be doubled at least. 

At the first session of the Forty-niuth Congress (Jan. 5, 1886), Hon. 
John B. Weber introduced the following bill, which, in the hurry usually 
attendant upon the closing hours of Congress, failed to receive final con- 
sideration, and remains a legacy of incomplete legislation for action by the 
next Congress. The plan contemplated therein has much to commend it 
to the country at large: 






THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



LL for tlif permanent improvement of the Eric and Oswego canals, 
ami to secure the freedom of the Bame to the commerce of the United 

enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United 
states of America in ( ingress assembled: 

Thai the Secretary of the Treasury be, and he is hereby, authorized and 
directed to issue and deliver to the State of New York, and to take the re- 
ceipt of the Comptroller of said State therefor, coupon or registered bonds 
of i he United States to the amount of five millions of dollars, in denomi- 
nations of not less than one hundred dollars each, or so much thereof as 
may be necessary to make the permanent improvements upon the Erie and 
:n eauals, in said State, hereinafter mentioned. Said bonds shall bear 
interest at the rate of %% per centum per annum, payable semi-annually, and 
shall, with the interest, be payable in coin. They shall be redeemable at the 
pleasure of the government at any time after ten years from their date, and 
due at the expiration of fifty years from their date. 

Sec. 2. That said bonds shall not be issued or delivered until the said 
Mate of New York shall, by act or joint resolution of its Legislature, have 
pledged itself that, after the delivery of said bonds, said canals shall be main- 
tained by said State free to the commerce of the United States, and shall 
forever be free for the use of the United States Government from any 
toll or other charge whatever for any property or vessels of the United 
States Government or persons in its service passing through the same, 
and that in case at any time said canals shall cease to be free to the com- 
merce of the United States, the said State will repay to the United States 
the said five millions of dollars, or so much thereof as may be paid to said 
State. 

Sec. 3. That said bonds shall be so issued and delivered to the State of 
New York to reimburse it for any and all expenditures it may make or may 
have made since January first, eighteen hundred and eighty-six, in improv- 
ing the said canals by furnishing a depth of nine feet of water, excepting 
over culverts and aqueducts (over which the depth shall be eight feet), 
throughout their entire lengths, and by lengthening one tier of all their 
locks to double their present length, with the exception of those at Lock- 
port; and that said bonds, or so many thereof as may be necessary, shall be 
sued and delivered upon the completion of said improvement, and after 
Baid State shall have complied with the provisions of the second section of 
this act, upon presentation to the Secretary of the Treasury of a requisition 
of the governor of said State, accompanied by the certificate of its comp- 
troller, State engineer, and superintendent of public works, certifying the 
completion of said improvement and the cost thereof. 

On the following 23d of February the bill was favorably reported by the 
committee on railways and canals, of which Mr. Weber was chairman. The 
report was an able one, evincing thorough mastery of the subject and intro- 
ducing such authorities in support of the object sought as Albert Fink, 
commissioner of transportation, Mr. Dodge, statistician to the Department 
of Agriculture, Oonsul-General Cramer, and Mr. Nimmo. The subjoined 
tables, prepared by the latter, show the balance of trade against the United 
States before tolls were cut down, and the balance in our favor since the 
low-tolls and no-tolls policy was adopted : 



TEE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



61 



Balance of Trade Against us foh Ten Years, prom 1866 to 1875, under 

High Tolls. 



Years. 


Exports. 


Imports. 


Excess of 

Imports over 

Exports. 


1866 


$348,859,522 
294,506,141 
281,952,899 
286,117,697 
392,771,768 
442,820,178 
444,177,586 
522,479,922 
586,283,040 
513,442,711 


$434,812,066 
395,761,096 
357,436,440 
417,506,379 
435,958,408 
520,223,684 
626,595,077 
642,136,210 
567,406,342 
533,005,436 


$ 85,952,544 


1867 


101.284,955 


1868 


75,483,541 


1869 


131,388,682 


1870 


43,186,640 


1871 


77,403,506 


1872 


182,417,491 


1873 


119,656,288 


1874 




1875 


19,562,725 




836,306,372 
18,876,698 




$817,429,674 











There was an excess of exports over imports in 1874 of $18,876,698. 
Value of the Exports and Imports for Ten Years with Low Tolls. 



Years. 


Exports. 


Imports. 


Excess of 

Exports over 

Imports. 


1876 

1877 

1878 


$540,384,671 
602,475,220 
694,865,766 
710,439,441 
835,638,658 
902,377,346 
750,542,257 
823,839,402 
740,513,609 
742,189,755 


$460,741,190 
451,323,126 
437,051,532 
445,777,775 
667,954,746 
642,664,628 
724,639,574 
723,180,914 
667,697,693 
577,527,329 


$ 79,643,481 
151,152,094 
257,814,234 


1879 

1881 

1882 

1883 


264,661,666 
167,683,912 
259,712,718 
25,902,683 
100,658,488 


1884 

1885 

Total 


72,815,916 
164,662,426 

$1,544,707,618 











Balance in favor of this country, $1,544,707,618 under low tolls. 

The reasons why New York State cannot well perform the work of 
enlargement at her own expense, and thus secure a sensible and beneficial 
reduction of transportation charges, are thus stated : 

Several hundred miles of tributary canals have been grafted upon the 
trunk lines of the Erie, and every movement looking to the improvement of 
the main canals becomes complicated by arousing the jealousies of local 
interests connected with the lateral canals. All tolls were removed in 1882, 
and since the beginning of the season of 1883 the canals are free to the 
nation, while their care and maintenance fall upon the taxpayers of New 
York. This maintenance, embracing only absolutely necessary and ordi- 
nary repairs, amounts to about $800,000 annually, and until the canal debt 
of the State is extinguished about as much more is annually required to 






THE INDUSTRIES <>F BUFFALO 



or that. For the present year the estimates of t lie comptroller of 
New York require the levying of a tax for canal purposes of 

This burden the people of the Stale cannot reasonably be expected r<> 
add t" by undertaking the enlargement, without which the canals are likely 
to fail into disuse or lie abandoned to private corporations. Only eighteen 
le Bixty counties of the State border on the Erie and Oswego canals, 
and the hostile sentiment of the people off the line of the canals should not 
rmitted development by increase of burdens, lest this outlet of the 
greai grain fields of the West and Northwest and this controller and regu- 
lator of the transportation interests of the country be strangled by the rail- 
mad monopolies of the land. 

For the year ending December 31, 1885, there was delivered at New 
Yoik of flour, grain, and meal (excepting beans and buckwheat), reduced to 
measure, 126,637,431 bushejs, by the following routes : 



Routes. 



New York Central and Hudson River Hail way. 
New York, Lake Erie and Western Railway. 

Pennsylvania Hail way 

Delaware and Lackawanna Railway 

Weat Shore and Buffalo Railway 

Various routes 

By river and coasl wise 

Bj canal 



Total receipts 



Bushels. 



079,712 
.979,551 
,229,591 
718,428 
001,299 

<).-)!). n.-)9 

738,304 
930,587 



1*2<;.(>:!7,U!1 



Per cent. 

of total br- 
each route. 



28.(30 

19.73 

12.02 

4.52 

7.90 

.75 

2.75 

23.63 



In a commercial sense these canals originally were largely local in char- 
acter, hut gradually and regularly they have been changing, and are now of 
national benefit and importance. In 1836 the Western States furnished 
hut one-seventh of the total tonnage, while in 1882 seven-eighths of it came 
from Hie West, the proportion having vastly increased since that time. 

January 5th and 6th last the House in Committee of the Whole and 
having under consideration Mr. Weber's bill for the permanent improve- 
ment of the Erie and Oswego canals, and to secure the freedom of the same 
to i he commerce of the United States, that gentleman made a strong and 
convincing argument in its favor, dwelling upon the important factor which 
''''• freedom of the Erie and Oswego canals to the commerce of the country 
would form in providing cheap transportation for the products of the West 
to the seaboard. The provisions of the bill were fair to the nation and fair 
to the stale of New York. The exhaustive report of the Committee on 
Railways and Canals was read in Mr. Welter's time, and consumed the 
greater pari of the morning hour; and the committee rose without action. 
.Mr. Weber was followed m approving remarks by several Western mem- 
l "' 1 '"- Mr. Anderson, of Kansas, said: "As to the" object to be attained by 
,| '" proposed enlargement and improvement of the Erie canal as the great 
'»'' lake commerce, in my judgment the State of Kansas has a greater 
direct interest in the attainment of that object than has the State of New 
York, for this simple reason: Every one knows that the farmer who raises 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 63 

wheat, or ships corn or hay in the form of pork or beef, always pays the 
freight to the final market. Now, the enlargement of this canal, enabling 
boats to carry double the cargoes they now carry, will necessarily have the 
effect of reducing the rate of freight upon grain at least 2 cents per bushel, 
and when the State of Kansas raises and ships 50,000,000 bushels of wheat, 
the farmers raising that wheat will receive for it $1,000,000 more in price 
than they now receive, simply because there will be a saving of $1,000,000 of 
freight upon the shipment. A similar reduction would occur on all kinds 
of traffic. And what is true of Kansas is true of Kentucky, of Ohio, of 
Indiana, of Missouri, of all the Northwestern States and of the Southern 
States. For this reason, sir, there has been no measure proposed at this 
session of Congress which seems to me to promise more direct practical and 
lasting benefit to the great farming interest of the country than the proposed 
enlargement of this canal, and for this reason I regard it as a national and 
not in the least as a State measure. But, Mr. Chairman, there is another 
reason why I advocate the bill, namely, the fact that the Erie canal stands 
to-day as the great check upon the rapacity of the railway companies in their 
freight charges. It would be worth a hundred million dollars to the New 
York Central, the Erie, the Pennsylvania, the Baltimore & Ohio, and the 
other trunk lines if, by any means, they could wipe out the Erie canal. 
And, just to the extent that this is true, it is true also that it is to the 
interest of the people of the whole nation, and especially of the farming 
classes, to take care that the Erie canal not only shall not be suffered to 
pass into disuse, not only that it shall not be kept at its present limited 
capacity, but shall speedily have that capacity enlarged and given the 
greatest efficiency. You will find in the near future that the control of 
freight charges must chiefly be effected by water-ways. Coming from the 
State which I in part represent, I shall advocate, not only this enlargement 
of the Erie canal, but also the construction of the Hennepin canal. Why ? 
In order that we of the West may have a direct water-way to serve as the 
great controller of all the trunk lines, whether they pool or do not pool, 
whether you have an interstate commerce bill or not. In other words, the 
good God who made this world, who so constituted things that there is less 
friction in moving vast weights through water than there is in carrying 
them by any means on land, gave to us a principle of nature which is 
higher and more effective than any other which can be formulated in an 
interstate commerce bill or similar legislation of Congress." 

Mr. Nelson, of Minnesota: "While we can do a great deal, Mr. Chair- 
man, in the shape of legislation, I feel confident there is nothing so effective, 
and which will accomplish so much good for the whole country, as this 
matter of enlarging and extending the Erie canal. Coming, as I do, from 
the country at the headwaters of the Mississippi and St. Lawrence rivers, 
from a country which is one of the greatest cereal-producing sections of this 
Union, we have a vital interest in having our transportation facilities made 
as cheap, as fair, and as equitable as possible. And our people can conceive 
of no method so efficacious, so fully regulating this matter of the carrying 
trade of the Northwest to the seaboard, as enlarging and extending our 
canals. In the district I represent, sir, 20,000,000 bushels of wheat were 
raised last year, of which, besides what we used for home consumption, 
nearly all finds its wav to the seaboard through the chain of the great lakes 
by way of the Erie canal. At least 12,000,000 bushels of the 20,000,000 
raised in my district are thus shipped and exported. At the rate of 5 cents 
per bushel — the amount saved by transportation over this water route as 



777 K INDUSTRIES Ot BUFFALO. 

as! railroad transportation, if untrammeled — $600,000 would be saved 
annually to the fanners of my district. This water route is emphatically 
one of the greatest regulators of railroad rates." 

Mr. Plumb: "In m\ opinion there has not been presented to this House a 
mure important question than that which now engages its attention. It is, 
sir. nothing less than a question of public improvements upon a scale that 
has not hitherto received legislative favor for many years. It is a question 
that may years ago claimed the attention of the foremost thinkers and 
abli st statesmen in this land. It has heen urged against improvements of 
this character being undertaken by the general government that they are 
altogether within one of the States, and that therefore they should not 
receive the encouragement and support of the Federal treasury, and some 
have gone so far as to declare such support unconstitutional, and yet it has 
been the constant practice to make just such improvements. It is not a 
question whether the improvement is wholly within a State or whether it 
extends through all of the States. The question is this, and this only: 
Is it for the benefit of the whole people of the country ? The proposition 
is to improve the navigation between the metropolis on the sea-coast and 
the great inland metropolis, the City of Chicago; it is of the utmost im*- 
portance to this country, and the small pittance that is asked in this bill can 
be given without any serious injury to any part and with decided advantage 
to the whole country. I hope, sir, when the time comes for a vote upon 
this bill it may receive the cordial support of this House, and become a law. 

Mr. Brady : " Mr. Chairman — I cannot hope to add to the able and 
exhaustive remarks made upon the pending bill by the gentleman from New 
York (Mr. "Weber), and by other members representing the East and the 
"West; but I desire to heartily indorse the underlying principles of the 
measure. It is not difficult to understand the concern of the representa- 
tives of the great West and Northwest in the proper maintenance and improve- 
ment of the Erie and Oswego canals, for they are the vital arteries through 
which flow the products of their grain fields on the way to the seaboard. 
The marvelous progress of those sections, reflected as it is upon every part 
of this country, is primarily due to these works, and its further advance- 
ment hinges largely upon the continuance of the system and the ability to 
keep pace witli the rapid forward strides of the transportation problem. 
The injustice which insists upon a free water-way for the nation to be pro- 
vided by the State of New York can only result in the development of a 
desire and determination to cast off the burden, and the West may well 
view with grave apprehension the growth of this sentiment. But, sir, 
coming from the State of Virginia, a State some distance removed from the 
sections which may be considered particularly and locally interested, I can 
impartially stand upon ground far above the criticisms which will be leveled 
against those whose localities are especially interested. I stand here as a 
Virginian to advocate the principles of this bill, because I believe that my 
people desire their Representative .to legislate for the whole country, and not 
to De restricted to the circumscribed lines of a Congressional district or a 
State. 1 am deeply impressed with the importance of a measure which in 
mes a character unquestionably national and far-reaching. In 
itis involved the prosperity of a great and growing section of this nation. 
Jl means to a certain extenl the natural, irresistible regulation and control 
of interstate commerce without legislative enactments. It means wise 
assistance toward meeting the rapid, growing competition of the grain-fields 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



65 



of India and the East. It means a prudent help to continue the balance of 
trade in our favor. It means prosperity to the agricultural interests of the 
land, upon which our strength is founded. It means the advancement of 
the material wealth of the whole country, and therefore I welcome the 
pending measure with cordial sincerity as a step in the right direction, and 
hope that the seed sown here to-day may blossom and bear fruit in the 
interest and for the benefit of the American people." 

The officers of the canal, located here, are: Ira Betts, assistant superin- 
tendent public works, Western division; George Chambers, section superin- 
tendent, office on canal, foot of Porter avenue ; Charles G. Irish, collector 
of statistics; John W. Schlehr, John Siver, John F. Dean, John J. Cough- 
lin, clerks; Wm. Shaughnessy, canal harbormaster, office, No. 145 Erie 
street ; inspectors, F. W. Warhus, Joseph Gates, Michael Lanning. 




"The Genesee" Hotel. 



UTILIZING NIAGARA. 



ONE OF THE MOST DARING AND COLOSSAL, YET PRACTI- 
CAL, OF MODERN ENTERPRISES. 



F< >R marly a century it has been the dream of engineers to turn to use- 
ful account the vast and inexhaustible power afforded by the Niagara 
river in the vicinity of the falls, but hitherto every scheme proposed 
has been dismissed as impracticable upon sober and exhaustive investigation. 
It remained for the Niagara River Hydraulic Tunnel, Power and Sewer Co., 
organized and incorporated during the past year, to solve the knotty prob- 
lem and set forth a practical plan whereby this object may be accomplished 
and a great manufacturing center established in near vicinity to, while not 
in any way detracting from, the sublime beauties of one of nature's greatest 
wonder?. 

The officers of the company are all prominent business men, as follows : 
President, Charles B. Gaskill, president of Cataract Milling Co., and presi- 
dent of the village of Niagara Falls; first vice-president, Henry S. Ware of 
Hardwicke & Ware, Buffalo, and International Hotel Co., Niagara Falls ; 
second vice-president, Michael Ryan, merchant, and director of Cataract 
Bank ; treasurer, Francis R. Delano, president Cataract Bank and Interna- 
tional Hotel Co.; secretary, Myron H. Kinsley, superintendent Niagara 
Falls Silver-plating and Manufacturing Works; assistant secretary, George 
N. Miller, assistant superintendent of the same works: attorneys, Hon. 
\Y. Caryl Elv and James Fra/.er (i-luok of Buffalo; engineer, "Thomas 
Evershed, division engineer of New York State; trustees — Hon. Thomas 
V. Welch, Hon. Peter A. Porter, A. Augustus Porter and Hon. Benjamin 
Flagler. 

From the prospectus, now before us, we learn that the object of the 
company is to utilize the enormous power of the Niagara river by construct- 
ing a subterranean tunnel from the water level below the falls, about 200 
under the lofty bank of the river, extending through the rock to the 
upper river at a point about a mile above the falls, where a head of 120 feet 
is obtained. The tunnel is to extend thence parallel with the shore one and 
a-half miles at an average depth of 100 feet below the surface and at a dis- 
tance of aboul 100 feel from the navigable waters of the river, with which it 
'■• be connected i>\ means of conduits or lateral tunnels. 

It is known that in the same ratio that the country becomes settled 
and the forests are destroyed the water-power, dependent upon the precipi- 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. G7 

tation of rain, diminishes, and steam has already largely supplanted water 
as a motor in many of the older States for that reason, thus increasing the 
cost of production and placing manufacturers at a disadvantage. It is 
unnecessary to say that this state of affairs can never affect the Niagara, 
with all of the great lakes for its sources of supply. The cost of construct- 
ing dams, the unreliability of the water-power, and the isolated location of 
many establishments on slender lines of railroads where rates are high, 
owing to a lack of competition, place manufacturers under great disadvan- 
tage with those who have the benefit of a steady power and abundant rail- 
road and other shipping facilities. At Niagara nature has built an imper- 
ishable dam from the solid rock, which she maintains without cost to man, 
so that the manufacturer who avails himself of its power is assured that his 
mills can never stand idle for lack of water. There will, therefore, be noth- 
ing to interrupt the steady flow of yearly production at the minimum of cost. 
His means of bringing his products to the consumer are also of the best. 
The facilities for transportation afforded to the mills locating upon the sites 
of this company have no equal in the world. The mill sites are fixed upon 
the Niagara river at a point above the falls navigable for vessels. Hence, 
vessels passing through the great Western chain of lakes can come down the 
Niagara river with their loads of lumber, grain, coal, etc., and unload them 
on the wharves and docks of the mills and factories. Canal-boats can 
also receive and discharge freight at the mills, as the Niagara river connects 
with the Erie canal at Tonawanda, only seven miles distant. The tracks 
of the New York Central, West Shore, Erie, Grand Trunk, Rome, 
Watertown & Ogdensburg, Lehigh Valley, and Michigan Central railways 
adjoin and run parallel with the proposed tunnel and the entire plot of mill 
sites of the company, with provision for sidings to each mill site. The 
Delaware, Lackawanna & Western railroad has surveyed a route contiguous 
to the property of the company, and will undoubtedly lay its track soon. 
Freight rates to the seaboard and all points east and west are now made by 
the railroads from Niagara Falls and Suspension Bridge upon the basis of 
about one-half the through competitive rates from Chicago and other 
western points to the East. This is favorable to those locating here, and 
places the manufacturer in a position to compete successfully with manu- 
facturers of any locality in the United States. Niagara Falls, then, offers 
to manufacturers unparalleled inducements in cheap, never-failing water- 
power, economy of production, competitive transportation and small cost 
for the moving of raw material and finished goods. 

It is suggested, and the suggestion must eventually take practical shape, 
that Buffalo, Lockport, Rochester, and even more distant cities may be 
supplied with light and power to any extent by means of electricity gener- 
ated here. Apparatus for the transmission of power by means of com- 
pressed air may also be utilized at this point at merely nominal cost. 

Since the date of incorporation, March 31, 1886, the Niagara River 
Hydraulic Tunnel, Power and Sewer Co. has secured, surveyed and appor- 
tioned into mill sites sufficient land, fronting on the river and on the line of 
the projected tunnel, to accommodate 238 mills of 500 horse-power each 
(119,000 horse-power in all — the engineer's estimate of the tunnel's capacity), 
with ample streets and dockage, affording all necessary facilities for approach 
by rail or river. In a word, at ten per cent, for cost of construction, the 
power to be developed by this proposed tunnel far exceeds the combined 
available water-power in use at Holyoke, Lowell, Lawrence, Cohoes, Lewis- 
ton and Minneapolis. Based on the report of Engineer Thomas Evershed 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



(who is also division engineer of the Statu) the subjoined estimates are pre- 
ed: Two hundred and thirty-eighi mill sites, varying from 75x200 to 
200x400 feet each, have been laid out, with streets 100 feet wide between 
i he rows of mill privileges, and with also a 100-foot reserve between the 
rows of lots in the rear, for railway sidings, and to each site is allowed 500 
horse-power, with conduit and cross tunnel, bringing the water within fifty 
of each lot. Fifty or more of these lots can be made accessible for lake 
and canal vessels. 

Net cost of land, average of $3,000 per lot $ 750,000 

One tunnel 1,212,108 

Twenty-four cross tunnels 448,430 

Four shafts 38,700 

Twelve racewavs 329,927 

Twelve bulkheads 12,200 

Masonry and gates controlling sluices ... 27,500 

Tiniber'in cribs 45,000 

Slope walls 90,000 

Contingencies 46,135 

Total cost $3,000,000 

To pay 5 per cent, on this amount to stockholders it is necessary that 
only thirty privileges of 500 horse-power each be utilized. Fifteen thousand 
horse-power at $10 each equals $150,000, or 5 per cent, on $3,000,000. 

If 30 rentals will pay 5 per cent, upon the entire stock, it follows that 
60 rentals will pay 10 per cent., 120 rentals 20 per cent. And when the 238 
are used the yearly income of the company will equal 40 per cent, on the 
capita] stock. 

The plan adopted for subscriptions to the capital stock is as follows: 
There will be issued 30,000 shares of stock of $100 par value each, and no 
]' i\ ment or assessment of any kind is to be called for until the whole capital 
stock is subscribed, which will insure the building and completion of the 
tunnel and consequent development of the mill sites, insuring ample 
earning capacity for the money subscribed. This assures the success of the 
enterprise and is strictly fair to the subscribers. 

In-order to avoid any risk to stockholders, and prevent abuses, and to 
render the stock fixed and valuable forever, it is made one of the conditions 
of subscription, and so expressed on the face of each certificate, that no 
bonds shall be issued nor mortgages given upon any rights, privileges, fran- 
chises or property of this company, except with the unanimous consent of 
tockholders. In other words, the stock shall represent and cover com- 
pletely the property, real estate and franchises of this company. 

The $20(i,oiMi capital stock of this company, authorized by its charter, 
having already been .subscribed in full, books for subscription to increase 
the capital stock to the sum of $3,000,000, as also authorized by its charter, 
are now open at the Cataract Bank, Niagara Falls, and the Manufacturers 
and Traders Bank, Buffalo, N. Y. 

The report of Thomaa Evershed, Esq., C. E. and division engineer of 
Now York State, is herewith appended : 

To the President and Trustees of the "Niagara River Hydraulic Tunnel, Power and 
Sewer Company," of Niagara Falls, N. Y. : 

i i km i.n— I would respectfully submit the following suggestions for your con- 
Bideration of a plan for trie construction of a town plat or arrangement of lots, streets, 
mill-races, wharves and railroad tracks above ground on the bank of the Niagara river 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 69 



above Port Day, in the town of Niagara, county of Niagara and State of New York, 
for the purpose of forming a town composed wholly of mills, factories and workshops, 
to be operated by the waters of Niagara river, by means of turbine wheels or other 
devices. And of a main and lateral tunnels below ground which shall serve as tail-races 
to the said mills, factories and workshops. 

The town plat to be laid out between the^said Niagara river and the tracks of the 
New York Central and Erie railroads. 

It shall be laid out with streets running as near as may be at right angles to the 
course of the river and the New York Central railroad tracks. 

Every other one of these streets shall be of such width as will allow of a raceway or 
conduit for the passage of the water from the river to supply the factories with power 
and to allow the usual traffic by teams, and also with proper sidewalks leading to the 
factories which shall front on these streets. 

The intervening streets, which will be at the rear of the buildings, shall be of suffi- 
cient width to allow of tracks belonging to the different railroads and the necessary 
switches leading into the yards of the various industrial establishments, as well as 
teaming thereto. 

The conduits or raceways shall be of such widths and depths as will furnish at all 
times the necessary quantity of water to supply the wheels located thereon, and they 
shall extend out into the river to a point at which the requisite depth is to be obtained. 

Permanent embankments shall be made out into the river, economizing the material 
derived from the construction of the tunnels and raceways therefor. 

These embankments shall be finished off at the outer end with crib work, running 
up and down the river in such a way as to form wharves for the landing of vessels 
navigating the river, and to protect the different raceways from floating ice. 

The main tunnel from its mouth, which shall beat a point immediately north of the 
State reservation below the great falls to a point where the first mills can be erected 
above Port Day, I would recommend to be constructed with an area equivalent to a tol- 
erably smooth tunnel of circular form of twenty-four (24) feet in diameter. 

Its mouth shall be located as low as high water below the falls will permit. It shall 
have a descent from a point half a mile above Port Day to its mouth of one in one hun- 
dred, or 52 and ^> v feet per mile. 

Above Port Day the tunnel will gradually diminish in size, in accordance with the 
number of mills which have yet to empty their tail-waters into it, until at the upper 
end it will be of the same area as the cross tunnels which flow into it at that point. 

The lateral or cross tunnels which shall receive the water from the different wheel- 
pits and discharge the same into the main tunnel, shall be of such size, and shall be 
located as shall best serve the requirements of the mills above them and the general 
ground plan of the town plat. 

The bottom of these cross tunnels shall be so much above the main tunnel that they 
shall at all times be drained and accessible whenever the mills on that particular cross 
tunnel are not running. 

The pits for the wheels shall be located in such a manner as to suit the particular 
requirements of the business to be carried on in the factory to which they belong, and 
shall conform to the general arrangement of the town plat. 

The bottom of said pits shall be at such heights above the cross tunnels that work 
can be done in them at the same time the rest of the mills on that cross tunnel are in 
operation. 

If the amount of water which will pass through a tunnel of twenty-four (24) feet in 
diameter, having a descent of one in one hundred, is used economically under heads 
ranging from one hundred and twenty- four feet to seventy-nine feet, through turbine 
wheels of the latest patterns, it will give a result equal to one hundred and nineteen thou- 
sand horse-power; or, in other words, is equal to two hundred and thirty-eight factories 
of five hundred horse-power each, 

One has but to glance at this location, at the noble river on its front and the railroads 
in its rear, to see its perfect adaptability to the purpose here intended. 

Here is a stream of which any one can say its surface height is always the same, 
and whose waters are of the purest quality. 

Here will be no dams to break away, causing"loss[of life and devastating the country 
below. 

Here no summer drought can cause a stoppage of wheels and busy hum of industry, 
to the loss of profit to the employer and of daily bread to the employed. 

Here the manufacturer who erects his building may do it with a certainty that his 
work will go on uninterruptedly three hundred and sixty-five days in the year. 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



If the tonne! were to be begun to-day be could begin bis worksbop to-morrow, witb 
tmost faith thai when botb were completed he could start bis machinery, and that 

it any stoppage incurred it would not be tbe fault of the ever-ready river, of the 
conduit which brought the water t<> bis wheels, or of the tail race which took it away, 
for they will !»• blasted out of tbe solid rock, and, like it, be imperishable. 

Although for certain kinds of business, dependent on local custom for its support, 
steam may be the best, inasmuch as t lie fuel can be taken to tbe exact point at which 
the Industry is to be carried on, yet for very many pursuits, where the materials used 
come from various Bources and the articles manufactured are to be distributed all over 
the world, cheap water-power will always be sought for. 

That cheap power this company will be able to give the manufacturer. 

1 have made out below a statement of the cost of running machinery by steam and 
water for one horsepower per year, as used in relatively large quantities, and as the 
latter power is leased in various localities in the Northern and Eastern States. 

Mr. Cowles, of Rochester, gives the cost of running one horse-power by steam in 
that city at thirty-nine dollars per year. 

Mr. Holly, of Lockport, gives, with coal at $4.00 per ton, the cost of running one 
borse-power at forty six dollars per year. 

Messrs. Poole & Hun', of Baltimore, give the cost to be about six-tenths of a cent 
per hour with coal at $5.00 per ton, or forty-five dollars per year for one borse-power. 
And others about tbe same. 

For rental of steam power in Boston $175.00 per year per borse-power is received. 
At Lowell tbe lowest is $100.00, witb rooms. The Central Pacific Mill, with 1,000 
horse-power, prefers to pay $ti0.00 per horse-power for water to using steam.* 

The following prices are charged for water-power for one horse-power per year : 

Paterson, N. J 24 hours per day. $37.50 

Birmingham, Conn 12 " " 20.00 

Mayanunk, Pa 24 '* " 56.25 

Dayton, 10 " " 38.00 

WamesetDam U}4 " " 48.25 

Lowell, Mass 10 to 11)4 " " 20 -°0 

Lawrence, Mass 10 to 11^ " " 20.00 

Cohoes, N. Y 10 to 11^ " " 20.00 

Holvoke, Mass 10 to 114^ " " 20.00 

Lockport, X. Y 24 " " 16.66 

Rochester, N. Y 24 " " 25.00 

I would recommend that this company charge a price so low that it will be sure to 
prove an inducement to manufacturers to lease power. 

I am of the ojvnion that ten dollars per year per horse-power, to be used twenty- 
four hours per diem, will effect this, and at tbe same time afford tbe capitalists holding 
the stock of tbe company ample returns for their money invested, notwithstanding the 
length of time which must elapse before tbe whole amount of power can be rented. 

This is only about one-quarter what is charged elsewhere, as shown above. 

Estimate of Cost. 

One tunnel $1,212,108 

Twenty-four cross tunnels 448,430 

Four shafts 38,700 

Twelve raceways 329,927 

Twelve bulkheads 12,200 

Masonry and gates controlling sluices 2 '• 500 

Timber in cribs 4">.()00 

Slope walls 90,000 

< lontingencies 46,135 

Total $2,250,000 

Respectfully submitted. 

Thomas Evershed, C. E. 

ROOHZBTBB, .Inly 1,1- 



* From Samuel McElroy'n pamphlet, in relation to water-power at Niagara Fall*, read before the 
a Society ol Engineers, September 1, 1885. 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



71 



Office of the State Engineer and Surveyor, 
Albany, N. Y., July 19, 1886. 

Chas. B. Oaskill, Esq., President " Niagara River Hydraulic Tunnel, Power and 
Sewer Co.," Niagara Falls, N. Y. : 

Sir — I have examined the plans, computations and estimates forming part of the 
report to you of Thos. Evershed, Esq., upon the details of a method of utilizing a very 
extensive water-power at Niagara Falls by the construction of main and lateral tunnels 
which shall serve as tail-races to a large group of manufacturing establishments. 

The general plan of the enterprise impresses me as the most comprehensive and 
economical scheme possible for using, on a grand scale, the almost unlimited hydraulic 
resources of Niagara. 

These plans have been very intelligently elaborated, and the estimates for con- 
structing the main and lateral tunnels and for the sbafts, conduits, bulkheads and 
docks, are, in my opinion, amply sufficient to insure their completion at a rapid rate 
and in a thorough manner. 

The advantages of the location are not overstated by Mr. Evershed, and may be 
briefly summarized to consist of an exhaustless supply of pure water, at a practically 
constant head, solid and durable rock, containing all the tunnels, shafts and conduits, 
and furnishing solid and imperishable foundations for all the structures and a nearly 
uniform surface of the proper elevation of the lands you have secured for the site of a 
manufacturing town to be developed by this enterprise. 

Very respectfully yours, 

Elnathan Sweet, 
State Engineer and Surveyor. 







Buffalo German Insurance Co.'s Building. 






THE 1NDUBTRIE8 OF BUFFALO. 



BARNES, HENGERER S CO.'S 

ORE AT IRON BLOCK. 















{.::;&* 



5 










^fp* 







iiHbi i 



M^S^TtTK&iT 1 



a i i 



iiJlAliy 




DRY GOODS, CARPETS, 

DRAPERIES AND SHOES, 
Nos. sse to se8 \r.\iN street. 

(See opposite page.) 



l^EP^EPNTTITIYE flOH^ES. 



BUFFALO'S LEADING MERCANTILE, MANUFACTURING AND 
FINANCIAL CONCERNS. 



' In the series of descriptive articles that follow we have endeavored to 
make concise and appropriate mention of every well-established, important 
and deserving mercantile, manufacturing and commercial house in Buffalo, 
feeling that so much of recognition is due to those whose industry, energy 
and capital are enlisted in building up the city's material interests and 
developing and maintaining her commercial supremacy. Only those estab- 
lishments whose reputations are above suspicion have been mentioned, and 
if the list be incomplete it is not because of any bias on the part of editors 
or publishers. 

With the utmost confidence we commend every business house named in 
these pages to the good-will and patronage of the entire country, East, West 
and South, as well as to our Canadian neighbors. Liberal, enterprising, of 
sterling personal and business character, this is the class of men upon whom 
the future growth of Buffalo and her influence upon the welfare of the 
country and the continent depend. 

BARNES, HENGERER & CO., 

Importers, Jobbers and Retailers of Dry Goods, Notions, Carpets and Shoes— 
Nos. 256 to 268 Main St. 

This great house succeeded the well-known firm of Barnes, Bancroft & Co., they in 
turn succeeding Barnes & Bancroft, and Sherman & Barnes, running back in a long and 
prosperous business career of over thirty years, making them, without exception, the 
oldest dry goods house in Western New York, and also the largest concern between 
New York and Chicago. The present firm name began in February, 1885, and is com- 
posed of Messrs. J. C. Barnes, William Hengerer, J. C. Nagel, C. 0. Howard and J. K. 
Bancroft, the latter being a special partner, having retired from active business in the 
firm February 1, 1885. Mr. Barnes has been connected with the firm since 1850, Mr. 
Hengerer since 1861, Mr. Nagel since 1869, Mr. Howard since 1880, and Mr. J. K. Ban- 
croft since 1871. Mr. W. G. Bancroft (partner with Mr. Barnes in the firm of Barnes & 
Bancroft, and later as Barnes. Bancroft & Co.) retired from business May, 1881, because 
of ill health, and died the following October. His brother, Mr. J. K. Bancroft, being a 
member of the firm, the old name was retained until the retirement of Mr. J. K. Ban- 
croft, when it became the present firm, Barnes, Hengerer & Co., Mr. Hengerer having 
been a senior partner with Mr. Barnes since 1874. 

The growth of this popular house has been wonderful — from a business of $200,000 

5 



- 4 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 

to one of close on to $4,000,000 in Buffalo and $1,000,000 in Minneapolis, by their branch 
house there; which is, without doubt, the largest business by many hundreds of thou- 
vresl of New Fork and east of Chicago. The principles upon which this great 
house has built up its immense business have been to pay cash for all goods purchased, 
discounting every bill, large or small, and then selling upon small margins for cash, and 
at one price only to one and all. They employ, during different seasons of the year, 
from three hundred and fifty to four hundred persons in their different departments, 
retail, wholesale and manufacturing; over one hundred and fifty being employed in 
their cloak manufacturing department, which is a very important feature of their 
business, manufacturing over a quarter of a million dollars every year in cloaks and 
wraps of all kinds, jobbing large quantities in Pennsylvania, Ohio and Michigan, as 
well as our own State. 

A partial description of the building in which this great business is transacted may 
be of Interest to readers of this book. They occupy solely the immense building on 
Main street known as the "<ireat Iron Block," which is five stories high, entirely of 
iron, of magnificent proportions, and of great architectural beauty, 125 feet frontage on 
Main street, a depth of 235 feet to Pearl street, and a frontage on Pearl street of 145 
1,.,-t 'fhe first floor, which is one vast room, is used entirely for their large retail 
business. Some idea of the size of this immense floor can be obtained from the fact 
thai Beven times around it makes a mile. The basement, which is the same size as the 
retail floor, is used for the sale of oilcloths, low-priced carpets, etc., and for the storage 
of the large reserve stock necessary in a business of this kind. The Main-street upper 
floors arc used for the wholesale trade, which is very large, keeping from ten to twelve 
travelers constantly on the road. The Pearl-street building is used for their manufact- 
uring business, which has been briefly outlined. No pains or expense have been 
considered in the fitting up of this model dry goods house for the comfort and conven- 
ience of their patrons — toilet and waiting-room for ladies, with female attendant ; public 
drinking fountain; elevators, making access to wholesale departments easy and com- 
fortable. 

The members of this firm are courteous gentlemen of great affability of manner, 
with whom the transaction of business is a pleasure, which, taken with their great 
business sagacity and commercial integrity, is the secret of their wonderful success. 



EXSTEIN & CO., 



Manufacturers and Jobbers of Men's Furnishing Goods— Nos. 104 and 106 

Pearl St. 
Among the variety of Buffalo manufacturing establishments there are compara- 
tively few that transact a larger annual business than is done by Messrs. Exstein 
& Co. There is another feature of this business that has an important bearing on 
the general welfare of the city, and that is the amount of employment it fur- 
nishes to a very worthy class, and also the disbursement of a sum aggregating $50,000 
a year for labor alone. This firm, which began business in this city in January, 1884, 
i, 1^;, Washington street, is engaged in the manufacture of pants, overalls and 
Bhirts, and also as jobbers in gent's furnishing goods. The business increased rapidly, 
and now amounts to from $300,000 to $400,000 a year. In 1885 it was found necessary 
to secure more extensive quarters, when the firm removed to their present site at Nos. 
104 and 106 Pearl street. Here a four-story building, GO by 125 feet, is occupied, and a 
working force of seventy hands is required. The manufacturing facilities are excel- 
lent, and 75 machines, operated by a gas-engine, are run on the fourth floor of the 
building. Besides, a considerable quantity of work is done on the outside by women 
and girls who take it home. The trade of the house extends into Pennsylvania, Ohio, 
M ichigan, Indiana, Illinois.Wisconsin and Minnesota, requiring theservices of seven men 
on the road. The pay-roll amounts to $1,000 a week. The members of the firm are, 
I Exstein, 11. Waterman, I. Hyman and Max Weil, special. Mr. Exstein has resided 
in Buffalo for manyyears. He directs the manufacturing and has a general supervision 
of the entire business generally. Mr. Weil resides in New York, and is a member of 
the firms of Weil & Kohn, glove manufacturers, and the Crown Suspender Co. Mr. 
Exstein has always taken a lively interest in the city of Buffalo, and for a time filled 
the office of Park Commissioner. 

This is a fair sample of the houses that have been largely instrumental in giving 
this city a status second to none in a good many lines. 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



JOHN B. MANNING, 



Maltster and Importer of Canada Barley— Proprietor of Frontier Canada 
Malt-house— Office, No. 59 Main St. 




The malting of barley for brewing purposes is recognized as a leading American 
industry, thanks to the immense German immigration that during the past half century 
has flowed in and, to a great extent, revolutionized the bibulous tastes of our people by 
the introduction of a less fiery beverage than that to which the fathers of the present 
generation were accustomed. The port of Buffalo is especially well located for the 
successful prosecution of this business for several reasons, prominent among which 
may be mentioned her equable climate, permitting of a season some weeks longer in 
duration than any other northern point, and her near vicinity to the famous barley- 
growing regions of Western New York and Canada — regions producing heavier crops 
and finer grades of this grain than can be found elsewhere in America. It is claimed, 
and it is susceptible of proof, that Buffalo possesses ample facilities for the malting of 
4,000,000 bushels of grain annually, which can be supplied to brewers all over the 
country on the best possible terms, "and, owing to the extraordinary advantages of the 
city as' a shipping point, either by lake, canal or rail, orders can be filled more promptly 
and economically by Buffalo maltsters than by their rivals elsewhere. 

It is not, however, of the malting interest in general that we set out to write, but 
of the leading house here — perhaps the largest in the world— representing that interest, 
viz., Mr. John B. Manning, whose name and whose large and extended trade are 
familiar to every man at all conversant with this line of enterprise throughout the 
States and the neighboring Dqminion. Mr. Manning's malt-house, the " Frontier 
Canada," is situated at Black Rock, foot of Auburn avenue, adjacent to the Grand 
Trunk, Canada Southern and New York Central Railways and the Erie Canal, and near 
-the river. Side-tracks and elevators connect it with both canal and railways, and the 
provision for the receipt and shipment of grain and malt is, beyond comparison, the 
most complete of any in the country engaged similarly, there being also direct com- 
munication with the various railway lines traversing Canada and this State. This great 
establishment, erected in 1873, ia nine stories in height, 100 by 363 feet in area, contains 
two steam elevators, has a storage capacity of 500,000 bushels, and an annual malting 
•capacity of nearly 1,000,000 bushels. 






THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



It Ls almosl needless to saj that the mall made in this house is invariably of the 

tality, a favorite with brewers, and commands the highest ruling figures at all 

Mr. Manning is also a heavy importer of Canada barley — concededly the best 

main for malting thai can be procured. His business olfice is at No. 59 Main street, a 

.1, selected because of its contiguity and convenience to the various railways, the 

Canal and river. He employs from eight; to ninety men in his malt-house, elevators 



and offices. 



it uu <nu' ■ a. 

Mr. Manning came hither from Albany in 1856. Three years later he began business- 
o merchant and maltster, a calling to which he devoted himself with 
industn and assiduity, and thus founded upon a lasting basis his present great enter- 
prise, lie bas also been successful socially, politically and as a public-spirited citizen. 
having succeeded Mr. Cleveland in the office of mayor, and rilled the vice-president's and 
dent's chairs of the Board of Trade. 



GEORGE MUGRIDGE & SON, 

Steam Bakery— Manufacturers of Choice Biscuits, Crackers, Cakes, Jumbles, 
etc.— Nos. lO, 112 and 14 Elk St. 

It is always a matter of personal gratification to come in contact with the successful 
business man. This is particularly the case with the writer whose duty it is to chron- 
icle the business affairs of a community, and more especially so when the aforesaid 
business man proves to be the true type of the perfect gentleman, in his counting-room 
as well as anywhere else. These observations are the outcome of impressions received 
in an interview with the house of Messrs. George Mugridge & Son. The result of a 
call there was prolific of a fund of interesting information in regard to one of the 
oldest and most successful of Buffalo's industrial interests. 

Since 1841 this house has been engaged in the manufacture of that variety of indis- 
pensable as well as toothsome articles which the well-appointed steam bakery is con- 
structed for. Its founder was the elder Mr. James Mugridge, a native of Ellsford, 
Kent, England, who arrived in New York with his family, including the head of the 
present firm, in 1831. He was then thirty-five years of age, and possessed of a capital 
largely made up of that indomitable energy and self-reliance which characterized the 
early settlers. He located in Utica in the fall of the same year, and finally came to 
this city in 1841. He began the business herein referred to on a very limited scale. 
The enterprise prospered from the start, and in 1850 its promotor retired from the 
business and was succeeded by Mr. Geo. Mugridge, the senior member of the present 
firm. January 1, 18G3, Mr. James A. Mugridge was admitted a member of the house, 
when the present style was assumed. The business, under the careful management it 
always received, continued to expand until it has now reached proportions which its 
founder probably never anticipated. The buildings occupied, which front on Elk and 
Illinois streets, are of brick and specially designed for the business and include an area 
of 00 by 150 feet. It would be superfluous to enumerate the mechanical equipment in 
detail, as it includes all the latest and most improved inventions known to the trade. 
The daily output consumes 125 barrels of flour. An adequate idea can be formed of 
the different manipulations it receives when the one item of oyster crackers is turned 
out by the million each day. Take another item by way of illustration : In jumbles, 
8,000 per minute are cut and placed in pans. The same magnificent scale of operations 
applies to the great variety of fancy cakes, biscuits, crackers, snaps, bread, rolls, etc. 
A working force of from sixty to seventy-five employees is constantly required, and the 
local trade alone necessitates a half dozen wagons. The annual business is, in the 
gate, about a quarter million dollars, and extends to all the lake ports and through 
the States of New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio and Michigan. This requires the attention 
of several traveling representatives. 

hi- unnecessary to state that the uniform high standard of the goods of this house 

has always bee,, maintained. Also, in their dealings with the trade. Messrs. Mugridge 

iV Son invariably are the soul of liberality and high-mindedness. Both members give 

their personal attention to the business, and in every particular the house is and always 

en a model one. 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



77 



LEE, HOLLAND & CO., 



Manufacturers of Doors, Sash, Blinds, Shutters, Mouldings, etc.— Wholesale 
and Retail Dealers in Rough and Dressed Lumber of all Descriptions — 
Boxes, Nailed, Dovetailed or in Sliooks— Corner Court and AVilkeson Sts. 





sis pmmM tafe& 




A little more than thirty years ago Messrs. Eaton & Co. founded on a small scale the 
now great and celebrated door, sash and planing mill above illustrated. Since then 
several changes have occurred in the ownership — first, to Eaton, Brown & Co., then, in 
1868, to Clarke, Holland & Co., and in 1881 to Lee, Holland & Co., who still own and 
operate the plant, which has grown in extent, value and volume of products until 
to-day it is one of the largest in the country, fronting 375 feet on Wilkeson street, 325 
feet on Court street, with a depth of 65 feet on both streets, and a height of three and 
four stories. The machinery equipment is complete and costly, embracing every 
approved modern device for the rapid and economical working of wood, the dressing of 
lumber, the manufacture of finished building material, boxes, etc. A force of two 
hundred and fifty men is employed; the weekly pay-rolls average $2,500, and the 
average annual value of the output is about $450,000, most of which is manufactured 
to order for or sold to the trade in New York city, where a branch warehouse is main- 
tained. It is scarcely necessary further to describe this splendid establishment, our 
engraving giving a much better idea of its appearance and extent than any words 
«ould do. 

It will be noted that ample lumber yards and dry-kilns are attached, and that railroad 
tracks bound two sides of the premises, thus furnishing unsurpassed facilities for the 
delivery of raw material and the shipment of manufactured goods, the latter embracing 
full lines of pine and hardwood doors, solid and veneered, sash of all kinds, outside 
and inside blinds and shutters, mouldings, flooring, siding, ceiling, rough aud dressed 
lumber for all purposes, boxes p.nd packing-cases, in short, anything required in the 
line of mill work. The lounge aud mattress works of Holland & Vilas, of which a 
detailed account will be found on another page, occupy a portion of these buildings. 

The members of the firm are Messrs. James H. and Franklin Lee, Nelson Holland 
and Henry Montgomery. Mr. Henry Montgomery gives his undivided attention to the 
affairs of the house, here and in New York. Mr. Frank Lee is interested in lumbering 
at the West and in the dredging of the harbor and canals of Buffalo. Mr. Nelson 
Holland, one of the city's oldest and most conspicuous business men, is a member of the 
firms of Holland & Stuart and Holland & Vilas, and is a heavy lumber manufacturer 
at East Saginaw, Mich. In all, it is doubtful if any concern in the country commands a 
better array of personal character, energy, enterprise, business capacity and public 
spirit than are marshaled under the name and style of Lee, Holland & Co. 



THE IM>l 8TRIE8 OF BUFFALO. 








til 

Mia BUILDERS SUPPI 
l l l l l l I ' 

[CORD AGE. BLOCKS, TWINES PAINTS B.HAVAL stores 9 

ft Sf IS II 1 1 



HOWARD H. BAKER & CO., 

Snip Chandlers, Riggers and Sailmakers Dealers In Cordage, Wire Rigging 
.mil Rope, Steel and Iron Hoisting Tackle, Sails, etc.— Nos. ih, -jo, ii^, 121 

.lllll - J(i I'll 

Situated at tlie foot of lake naviga- 
tion, controlling direct rail and water 
lines to the seaboard, the port of Buffalo- 
is naturally and necessarily the head- 
quarters and outfitting point of the 
shipping of our inland seas, and conse- 
quently the building and equipment of 
steam and sailing craft is a large and 
flourishing industry that rather in- 
creases than diminishes year by year, 
employing hundreds of industrious 
artisans turning out millions of dollars' 
worth of first-class work annually. 

The most conspicuous Buffalo house 
engaged in the handling of cordage, 
wire rope, hoisting tackle, etc., and tin- 
making of sails, is the great ship- 
chandlery establishment of Howard H. Baker & Co., Nos. 18, 20, 22, 24 and 26 Terrace, 
occupying the entire triangular space lying between Commercial and Pearl streets and 
the Terrace, four stories and basement, one hundred feet front on the Terrace by seventy 
feet on Commercial and Pearl streets. The house was founded in 1830, by William S. 
Waters & Co., at the corner of Prime and Lloyd streets, removing in 1844 to the Union 
Steamboat Company's building, foot of Lloyd street. Kimberly & Waters in 1833 
succeeded Wm. S. Waters & Co., and were in turn succeeded by Waters & Atwater in 
1886, the latter firm changing to Atwater, Williams & Co. in 1841. In 1845 Williams, 
Howard & Co. became proprietors, and were succeeded in 1850 by Howard, Newman & 
Co., who retired to make room for Vosburgh & Baker. In 1883 the present firm, com- 
posed of Howard H. Baker and Thomas Warren, took charge, and have made the 
concern more successful in every way than ever before. Mr. Baker has been connected 
with it since 1854, while Mr. Warren has had a practical experience of twenty-live 
years in his calling. 

This house employs about a dozen skillful riggers and sailmakers, the sailmaking 
department being known as D. Provoost's Sons; handle vast quantities of superior 
cordage, wire rigging and rope, steel and iron hoisting tackle, canvas, and everything 
required above decks in fitting out steam or sailing craft, large or small. They find 
their regular customers in all the lake ports and among the shipbuilders and owners of 
Buffalo, and do an annual business of $100,000. Their work, which can be found on 
all northern waters, speaks for itself. 

Mr. Baker is an enterprising and prominent Buffalonian, a native of the county, and 
has resided here since 1847. He is a director of the Lake Erie Excursion Co., vice- 
president of the Young Men's Association, president of the City Club, and popular and 
respected in all the relations of life. Mr. Warren is a native of Canada, resides at 
Fort Erie, and attends strictly to business. 



R. HUMPHREY, 

Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Flour, Feed, Coal and Wood— Foot of Amherst 

St., Black Rock. 

Mr. Humphrey established himself at the above location in 1882, and, with the 
assistance of Mr. A. W. Gilbert, who holds a silent partnership, invested capital to the 
amount of $22,000 in stock and facilities, which are first-class. A large and well- 
Belected Line of choice flour and breadstuffs, hay, grain and mill-feed, invite the atten- 
tion of the trade, while he handles immense quantities of coal and wood. He offers the 
D all lines on the most reasonable terms. Employing ten men in store and yards, 
ami selling to the retail dealers of Buffalo, Tonawanda, and surrounding towns, his 
transactions average about $100,000 a year 

Mr. Bamphrej 1- oi W< Isb nativity. He came to New York at the age of twenty, 
without capital, has fanned some and had the care of Mr. C. Gilbert's horses for twelve 
years. 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



79 



DAVID TUCKER & CO. 



Photographic Supplies, Picture Frames, Mouldings, Stereoscopes, Albums, 
etc.— Nos. 410 and 412 Main St. 





Philo Allen founded this house in 1850 — more than thirty-six years ago — since 
which time it has been conducted by several successive proprietors, coming into the 
hands of the present firm, composed of David Tucker and Stephen B. Butts, in 1868. 
Mr. Tucker has had an experience of many years in the handling of photographic 
supplies and kindred goods, and is an expert in all that concerns the art and its require- 
ments. Mr. Butts was formerly engaged with Philo Allen as clerk, and has always 
been in this business, joining Mr. Tucker when he entered, and has mastered all of its 
details so thoroughly that he is now justly considered an authority on the subject of 
advanced photography, its history and its needs. 

The firm occupy three commodious floors at the above number, each 25 by 100 feet, 
elegantly fitted up in every department and stocked with an exhibit of photographic 
goods of all kinds, American and imported, such as perhaps no house west of New 
York can show, embracing full lines of photographic apparatus, materials, cameras, 
plates, chemicals — in short, anything and everything relating to the art, together with 
an endless assortment of rosewood, walnut, velvet, gilt and fancy frames and mould- 
ings. This grand depot of supplies can fit out a complete photographic studio down to 
the most insignificant item, ready for business, within twenty-four hours. Everything 
handled by the house is guaranteed as represented, while its reputation for promptitude 
and reliability is established and secure. 



LOUIS A. LENHARD & CO., 



Produce Commission Merchants and Wholesale Dealers in Butter, Eggs, 
Cheese, Poultry, Fruits, Vegetables, etc. — No. 603 Washington St., oppo- 
site Washington Market. 

The above enterprising house was established in 1880, and has proved a very success- 
ful one, doing already an average annual business of $50,000, extending throughout 
Western New York and Pennsylvania, as well as the city. The firm, composed of 
Louis a Lenhard and J. J. Ziminer, occupy one floor at the above number, 22 by 80 feet, 
and carry fine stocks of fall goods in their line, embracing dairy, orchard and farm pro- 
ducts, poultry, etc., and make specialties of butter, eggs and cheese, of which they 
handle large quantities on commission. Both partners are experienced commission 
men, and their house is enjoying great prosperity. 



80 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 




THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 81 



THE RICHMOND ELEVATOR. 



Mrs. Mary E. Richmond, Proprietress — Buffalo River, Opposite Foot of Main St. 

Any account of the business history of Buffalo would be incomplete that should 
neglect special mention of the Richmond Elevator, which, standing opposite the foot 
•of Main street, has for nearly twenty-two years exerted a beneficent influence upon the 
commerce and contributed to the glory of the city. 

This fine elevator was built by the noted Richmonds, Dean and J. M., in 1865, and 
has always been a valuable and desirable property. Dean Richmond died in 1866, and 
in 1880 his widow purchased the interest of J. M. Richmond, thus becoming sole owner. 
James McCredie, Esq., No. 236 Main street, is attorney and agent for the Dean Rich- 
mond estate. Mr. George Emslie, who entered the service of the Richmonds at the 
opening of the elevator in 1865, as assistant superintendent, has for more than ten 
years filled the post of superintendent, while his son, Mr. Henry P. Emslie, is foreman, 
having under his direction about one hundred men. 

The Richmond Elevator, eligibly located with reference to lake and canal navigation 
and railroad communication, occupies premises about four hundred feet square, front- 
ing on Buffalo river and the Blackwell canal. The building itself is 125 by 125 feet, 
with a height of 125 feet, and is fitted up in the best manner throughout, the largest 
dry-kiln in the United States, with a capacity of 15,000 bushels per day, forming a 
portion of the equipment. The storage capacity is about 300,000 bushels, or 6,000,000 
per annum. 

Like the other elevators here, the Richmond is a member of the Western Elevator 
•Company, more extended notice of which will be found under the proper heading 
«lsewkere. 



DENTON & COTTIER, 



Sole Agents for Stein way & Sons' Pianos — Music Publishers— Importers of All 
Kinds of Musical Merchandise— No. 269 3Iain St. 

Most refined people are more or less musical; consequently, the more intelligent 
and refined the community, the more inclined is it to musical pursuits. Hence Buffalo, 
while making no noisy pretensions to extraordinary musical culture, is, nevertheless, 
as the home of a well-to-do, educated people, really a musical center of no small 
merit, and its people liberal patrons of all that tends to encourage and elevate the art. 
Consequently, the vocation of the dealer in music, musical goods, etc., takes high rank 
here, and is generously supported by the public at large, and more especially by those 
whose social and pecuniary position is such as to require and justify the necessary 
outlay. 

The oldest and most conspicuous musical emporium here — the one that has contrib- 
uted most to develop the musical taste of the Buffalo public — is that of Denton & Cot- 
tier, No. 269 Main street, established by James D. Sheppard in 1827. The style became 
Sheppard, Cottier & Co. in 1863, Cottier & Denton in 1867, and, by the association of the 
last named junior partner with the widow of the former senior in 1883, the present 
firm of Denton & Cottier was formed. It is needless to speak at length of the experi- 
ence of Mr. Denton, who has been a partner in the house for nearly twenty-three years, 
and now has the active management. He is known, personally or by reputation, to 
nearly everybody in Western New York, and popular with all. The house does a pros- 
perous business of from $75,000 to $100,000 a year, and handles one of the largest, 
most complete and finest line of musical goods of any establishment between New 
York and Chicago, requiring for salesrooms and storage purposes the entire four-story 
and basement building, 20 by 100 feet, in which it is domiciled. The stock embraces a 
great variety of superior pianos, comprising fine selections of the justly celebrated 
Steinway & Sons, Steck, Mathuschek, Fisher and others, together with Wilcox & White 
and Schoninger organs, etc. The firm are also direct importers of every description of 
musical merchandise and instruments, and publishers of sheet music, in which latter 
specialty the house enjoys an enviable celebrity. 

Mr. Denton is an Englishman, formerly a successful teacher of music, a church 
organist of note, and a past master of Erie lodge No. 161, F. and A. M. 






THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



ROOT & KEATING, 




Tanners <-i Hemlock Sole Leather— Office and Warehouse, Nos. 14 to 24 "Wells 
si., Buffalo; Tanneries, Port Allegany, Pa., and Olean, N. Y. 

The manufacture of leather, 
one of the most important and 
indispensable of industries, is 
well represented in Buffalo by 
the splendid house of Root & 
Keating, whose great ware- 
house, illustrated by the ac- 
companying cut, forms an at- 
tractive feature of the city in 
the vicinity of the Union de- 
pot. This fine building fronts 
127 feet on Wells street, with' 
a depth of 134 feet, and is five 
stories high, furnishing am- 
ple storage room for ail the 
leather made at the firm's 
vast tanneries at Olean, N. 
Y., and Port Allegany, Pa., 
the former of 600 and the 
latter of 700 sides daily ca- 
pacity. 

Messrs. Root & Keating give exclusive attention to the manufacture of superior 
hemlock sole leather, and have every desirable facility, as above indicated, for placing 
upon the market vast quantities of the highest grades of this material, the demand for 
which increases from year to year as its excellent quality becomes more widely known. 
Tlu-ir tanneries, as before stated, are among the largest in the world. They are also 
among the best arranged, supplied with improved machinery and every available mod- 
ern device for the rapid and effective manipulation of hides, and conveniently situated 
with reference to the hemlock forests of New York and Pennsylvania as well as to the 
lines of transportation. The firm find ready demand in American and European mar- 
kets for every pound of sole leather they can produce, their goods, by reason of careful 
and skillful workmanship, commanding the confidence of consumers and the highest 
prices wherver offered. Some two hundred men are employed in all, and the value of 
the output ranges up into the millions. 

The members of the firm, Messrs. Francis H. Root and Robert Keating, are experi- 
enced, able and popular business men, famous throughout Northern and Western New 
York. The industry under consideration was founded in 1864 by Jewett & Keating, 
passing into the hands of the present firm in 1876. Mr. Root was formerly of the 
house of Jewett & Root, who began the manufacture of stoves in Buffalo fifty years 
ago. Mr. Keating was of the same firm until 1864, when the firm of Jewett & Keating 
was formed. Both members give their exclusive attention to the firm's present inter- 
ests, and have built up their sole leather manufacture from small beginnings to its now 
commanding position among the largest and most valuable business enterprises on the 
continent. Both are earnest, energetic, enterprising and public-spirited men, and are 
adding largely to Buffalo's commercial prestige as well as to their private fortunes. 



CLARK & ALLEN 



Wholesale and Retail Dealers in AVall Papers, Paper Hangings, Art and 
Mural Decorations, Window Shades and Fixtures, etc. — No. 570 Main St. 

Interior decoration is no longer a mere trade that may be pursued successfully by 
any one who can obtain a paper-hanger's outfit, but an art hardly second to that of the 
fresco painter, whose labors it supplements and sometimes even supplants. Thanks to 
this art, the palaces of the rich and the cottages of the poor alike are rendered more 
luxurious, more beautiful and more homelike than ever before, while skill and inven- 
tion are more than ever stimulated to new and pleasing combinations of patterns, colors 
and effects. 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 83 

"There is always room at the top" in every calling, and, acting upon this truism, 
Messrs. Thomas S. Clark and William S. Allen, recognized masters of the art, in 1885 
entered into a copartnership and opened the now popular and well-patronized establish- 
ment at No. 570 Main street, and achieved an immediate and remarkable success. Their 
establishment occupies two floors of the handsome building indicated, each 18 by 105 
feet, and is stocked with superb lines of choice goods pertaining to interior ornamenta- 
tion, embracing all the favorite varieties of wall papers, art and mural decorations, 
including the famous Lincrusta- Walton for hangings, wainscoting, dadoes, friezes, bor- 
ders, ceilings, etc., plastic relief for hand decorating, plain and fancy room mouldings, 
chair rails, etc. Carrying complete new stocks of novel and standard designs in hang- 
ings, and employing a corps of competent workmen, the house is prepared to make con- 
tracts at comparatively low rates for paper-hanging in all its branches, fresco and plain 
painting, tinting and decorating, producing novel and artistic effects and doing first- 
class work. They also make to order any desired style of window-shade. No pains or 
expense is spared to please, and Messrs. Clark & Allen have fairly earned their remark- 
able success. 



BUFFALO ACADEMY OF DESIGN AND ART 

SCHOOL. 



E. Henri Kelly, Principal— Southeast Corner Main and Mohawk Sts. 

The object of this most beneficent and successful institution is to place ample 
means of theoretical and practical instruction within reach of all who desire to 
advance themselves in draughting and the practical construction of buildings. It is 
organized and conducted upon broad and comprehensive principles, such as will afford 
the student rare scope and opportunity for perfecting himself in the higher mechanics, 
and gives him a kind and degree of training unattainable in any of the mere technical 
schools or workshops where only theory is taught upon the one hand and practice on 
the other. An experienced, practical designer, draughtsman and builder has practical 
direction of the school — a gentleman who possesses not only the knowledge required, 
but the ability and tact which enable him to impart it to others. The branches taught 
— beginning at the foundation and systematically grounding the pupil in the funda- 
mental principles upon which to rear a substantial superstructure — are : The arts of 
designing, mechanical draughting, architectural draughting, surveying and civil engi- 
neering, mathematics, geometry and philosophy, commercial law, pencil drawing, crayon 
drawing, India ink drawing, water-color drawing, etching and stipple drawing. 

Not only are draughting and construction taught theoretically, but the pupil is 
rapidly advanced to the mechanical or building department, where tools, materials, etc., 
are furnished free, and he not only draughts the plan but constructs a miniature 
building in all its parts, thus gaining practical as well as theoretical knowledge of the 
mechanic arts. Designs for every description of buildings and bridges are furnished, 
and approved principles of construction taught by precept and practice. 

The school is a valuable auxiliary to the building trades especially, and is largely 
availed of by those who, either with or without previous training, desire to perfect 
themselves as first-class mechanics. The course comprises four terms of three months 
each, night sessions also being held. 

Prof. E. Henri Kelly originated and founded this school, the first session beginning 
September 1, 1882, and has received a great deal of encouragement, both moral and 
material, at the hands of the classes it is designed to benefit. Mr. W, D. Phelps is 
professor of mathematics and geometry. Mr. Kelly, during his ten years of experience 
as a teacher, has instructed some 5,600 pupils, any of whom will testify to the benefits 
received. The academy occupies an entire floor of the large building southeast corner 
of Main and Mohawk streets, 30 feet front by 80 feet deep, has a fine attendance, and 
is steadily growing in popularity and usefulness 

One of the visible results of the Buffalo Academy of Design is the introduction of 
veneered brick architecture, already much in vogue east, and of which the residence of 
Dr. S. W. Wetmore, No. 176 Franklin street, is a fine example. The plan of construc- 
tion, which, it is claimed, saves ten to fifteen per cent, of the cost of building and 
renders the house fifty per cent, dryer and warmer, is to erect a balloon frame, to which 
one course of bricks is anchored with nails. This style of building is sure to become 
popular on its merits. 






THE IXIKSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



GEO. W. TIFFT, SONS & CO., 

Manufacturers <>f Steam Engines and Boilers, Propeller Wheels, Mill Gear- 
ing, Architectural Castings, etc.— Repair Work a Specialty— Office, No. 
:;.". Washington St. 




For nearly half a century Buffalo has been celebrated for the character and extent 
of her manufactures in iron and steel, and more particularly in the departments of 
engines, boilers, mill machinery, architectural iron work, and kindred lines of products. 
It is safe to say that in the building up of the superb reputation of the city in this 
direction no rival establishment has done more, if so much, as the famous old house of 
Geo, W. Tifft, Sons & Co., founded in 1842 as the Buffalo Steam Engine Works. Since 
then many changes have occurred in the personnel of the firm, but the ancient and 
honored style adopted in 1857 has been retained, while the same splendid business 
management and mechanical skill have marked its entire career. At present the firm is 
composed of Mr. Charles L. Whiting, the general manager, who has had charge since 
1865, Mrs. C. ('. F. Gay and Mrs. George D. Plimpton, both of whom entered the house 
on the demise of Mr. John V. Tifft, some two or three years ago. 

The works front on Washington street, from No. 15 to No. 35, cover four acres of 
ground, and embrace three three-story buildings, containing a machine shop of 18,000 
square feet, two large foundries, two boiler shops, a pattern shop, and a separate one 
and three-story fire-proof warehouse devoted to the storage of patterns, of which an 
immense and extremely valuable stock is carried, comprising most of those originated 
by or used in the works during the past forty-five years, and presenting an almost 
complete exhibit of its productions since the first casting was made by the original 
owners. 

A complete equipment of modern improved machinery and appliances forms a 

valuable and indispensable portion of the plant, which is the most extensive of the 

kind in Buffalo, if not in the entire State. A force of 250 to 275 skilled mechanics and 

; ^ 'i'"' steady and remunerative employment in the various departments, and 

190,000 to slim. (i()(i i s annually disbursed in wages alone. 

The leading specialties of the establishment are the manufacture of engines and 
boilers of all kinds, marine and stationary, mill gearings, and superior architectural 
castings, for which they have unsurpassed facilities and a heavy trade extending 
throughout New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and to all portions of Canada and the 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



Northwest, where their work is held iu the highest repute for style, workmanship, 
durability and all excellent qualities. 

Mr. Geo. W. Tifft, a stockholder in the original company, and for more than twenty- 
five years head of the firm of Geo. W. Tifft, Sons & Co., laid down the burden of an 
honored life some years ago. He was universally respected and regarded as one of 
Buffalo's most valuable citizens, contributing of his time, labor and means to place and 
keep her in her present proud position as Queen of the Lakes. He was an acute, far- 
seeing and public-spirited business man, to whom the city is largely indebted for her 
material and moral growth. 

Mr. Whiting, Mrs. Gay and Mrs. Plimpton are also the proprietors of the Tifft 
Furniture Company, and largely interested in all that tends to the welfare and prosperity 
of Buffalo. 

Of the fine work done by the architectural department of Geo. W. Tifft, Sons & Co. 
we' have space here only to particularize the iron work — stairways, etc. — of the new 
Buffalo Library building and Music Hall, German Insurance building, Becker's new 
store, Masonic Temple, Elmira, and the Lockport Court-house, all fine artistic work, 
unsurpassed by the most celebrated iron founders and architects of this country or of 
Europe. 

THE MANUFACTURERS AND TRADERS BANK, 

Pascal P. Pratt, President ; Francis H. Root, Vice-President ; James H. 
Madison, Cashier ; Harry T. Ramsdell, Assistant Cashier— Capital, $900,- 
OOO ; Resources, $4,346,762.60— Southwest Corner Main and Seneca Sts. 

The Manufacturers and Traders is one of those powerful and influential financial 
corporations of which New York boasts so many, organized and operated under wise 
State laws which, while extending proper encouragement and protection to the invest- 
ors of capital in this most necessary branch of enterprise, yet hold the banker to a strict 
accountability to his depositors and public opinion. 

The Manufacturers and Traders' Bank of Buffalo was chartered March 24, 1856 — 
nearly thirty-one years ago — with $200,000 capital; Henry Martin, president ; Pascal 
P. Pratt, vice-president ; D. F. Frazell, cashier, and the following board of directors: 
Pascal P. Pratt, Francis H. Root, William H. Gleuny, jr., Bronson C. Ramsey, Guilford 
R. Wilson, Myron P. Bush, Sidney Shepard, A. H. Anderson, Jason Sexton, George 
Truscott, S. V. R. Watson and Wells D. Walbridge. In 1859 the capital was increased 
to $500,000, and in 1870 to $900,000, at which figure it has ever since remained. The 
bank has been removed several times. First established at No. 2 Swan street, the first 
change was to the Harvey block. No. 273 Main street, in December, 1856 ; the second to 
No. 22 West Seneca street, in 1861, and the third and last to the spacious fire-proof iron 
building, southwest corner of Main and Seneca streets, in April, 1880. 

This bank, established especially for the accommodation of manufacturers, mer- 
chants and others engaged in active business, has carried out its original plan to the 
letter, its vast capital, careful and conservative management and the well-established 
personal and mercantile character of its founders and promoters enabling it to extend 
moral and financial aid to its patrons and the general public in time of need, and uphold 
and foster the material interests of the city in the most effective manner. Prudence 
and economy have characterized its entire career, and it commands the entire confidence 
of business circles at home and abroad. The subjoined quarterly statement for Decem- 
ber 11, 1886, gives in condensed form the condition of this leading institution at the 
present time : Resources— Loans and discounts, $3,814,612.10; overdrafts, $532.60; due 
from banks. $525,502,94; real estate, $41,541.75; bonds and mortgages, $42,671.35; 
United States bonds, $67,500; specie, $75,745.28; currency, $110,500; cash items, 
$2,081.12; total, $4,680,687.26. Liabilities— capital, $900,000; undivided profits, $144,- 
903.75; due depositors, $3,464,109.71 ; due banks, $171,673.80 ; total, $4,680,687.26. The 
officers of the Manufacturers and Traders Bank are : President, Pascal P. Pratt ; vice- 
president, Francis H. Root; cashier, James H. Madison; assistant cashier, Harry T. 
Ramsdell. Of these Mr. Pratt was first vice-president and Mr. Root one of the original 
board of directors. Mr. Madison has been cashier since July, 1869. Directors — Pascal 
P. Pratt, Francis H. Root, James H. Madison, Sherman S. Jewett, Bronson C. Rurnsey, 
Gibson T. Williams, William H. Glenny, Richard Bullymore, John D. Hill, Franklin 
D. Locke, John L. Williams, Nelson Holland and Robert L. Fryer. 

This institution does a regular legitimate banking business in deposits, loans, collec- 
tions, exchange, etc., receives accounts of banks, bankers, manufacturers, merchants and 
others on the most favorable terms, remits collections at lowest rates, and renders satis- 
faction to all customers. 



86 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 




HATCH & JENKS. 

Buffalo Coffee, Bpiceand Drug Mills— Importers and Jobbers of Teas, Coffees 
and Spices Manufacturers of Pure Spins, Baking Powder, Flavoring 
i ctracts, etc.— Nos. 155 and l.">7 Washington St. 

The demand for pure drugs, spices, coffees, etc. 
— demoralized by the civil war and the reckless 
speculative methods consequent thereto, which 
led to adulterations and misrepresentations of the 
grossest kinds in the name of legitimate business 
— has revived under the fostering care of a small 
but resolute class of upright importers and manu- 
facturers, and once more it. is possible, with care 
and discrimination, to obtain genuine Mocha and 
Java, genuine imported spices, and drugs that 
have not been tampered with by the deft fingers 
of the "manipulator." It is still, necessary, how- 
ever, to look well to the name of the manufacturer 
and avoid counterfeit labels when purchasing 
ground goods of any kind. 

A Buffalo firm that has contributed much to 
this end, and which, in consequence, has earned 
for itself an enviable reputation with the trade 
and consumers, is that of Hatch & Jenks, Nos. 155 
and 157 Washington street, whose finely-equipped 
mills, forty-five by ninety feet, and four stories 
high, comprise one of the most valuable plants of the kind in the country. Messrs. 
Hatch & Jenks are heavy importers and jobbers of fine teas, coffees and spices, and, 
having the advantage of steam power and a complete line of modern improved 
machinery, they put upon the market large quantities of roasted coffees, ground spices, 
etc., conveniently packed for the trade in such a manner as to retain their aroma and 
strength indefinitely. They also grind drugs to order for the trade, and guarantee 
satisfaction in all cases. They give special attention, besides, to the handling of pure 
teas of their own importation, of which they carry at all times an extensive and care- 
fully selected stock, comprising all the favorite brands of Chinese and Japanese growths. 
Catering only to the highest class of trade, the house handles no inferior goods. The 
Buffalo Coffee, Spice and Drug Mills were erected in 1849 by Messrs. Bradford & Chase, 
and for many years enjoyed a fame co-extensive with the Union, changing hands several 
times. In April, 1881. Messrs. Hatch & Jenks, importers of teas, coffees and spices, 
purchased these mills with the view of extending their operations, which they have 
succeeded beyond their anticipations in doing, their average sales for several years 
ling $150,000. They employ five travelers and fourteen operatives, and are 
flourishing as they deserve. They are also manufacturers on a large scale of chemically 
pure baking powders and flavoring extracts, and will fill all orders promptly and satis- 
factorily. Such a house is a credit to any city. 



Hatch & Jenks 



SPENCER HOUSE, 



Cor. Washington and South Division Sts.— George Sperber, Proprietor. 

This popular hotel was first opened in 1860. Since 1881 the present proprietor, Mr. 
George Sperber, has been in charge, and the house has been entirely refitted and refur- 
Dished. It is a very popular resort for the theatrical profession, and every week the 
representation among that fraternity is as large as that of any other in the city. They 
have every inducement in the way of first-class fare and accommodations. Mr. Sperber 
has had an extended experience in the business. He was four years at Delmonico's in 
New York, and has resided in Buffalo over three years. He was a member of the Sixth 
Bavarian infantry three years, is a Mason and also a member of the order of United 
Friends. Mr. Sperber has been a great traveler, having visited every country of 
Europe. He thoroughly understands catering to the traveling public, and has made 
the Spencer House a popular resort. 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



87 



W. H. GLENNY, SONS & CO. 



Importers and Jobbers of Crockery, China and Glass, Kerosene Chandeliers, 
Lamps and Trimmings, Clocks, Plated and Sterling Silverware, Gas 
Fixtures, etc.— Nos. 253 to 257 3Iain, and 260 and 262 Washington St. 

One of the most attractive of Buffalo's 
mercantile establishments is that of Messrs. 
W. H. Glenny, Sons & Co., Nos. 253 to 257 
Main street, of which great thoroughfare 
its superb iron and glass front is an orna- 
ment that at once arrests the attention and 
excites the admiration of the sojourner in 
the city. This fine five-story edifice, front- 
ing fifty-five feet on Main, extends through, 
two hundred feet, to Washington street, 
and is in all respects one of the most ele- 
gant and convenient business structures in 
America. It is, however, the beautiful 
and useful contents that attract the visitor 
and leads him or her on from department 
to department until the entire display has 
been looked upon with pleasure and ap- 
proval. 

It would be vain to attempt, within the 
limits of a notice of this kind, a detailed 
description of all the fine and handsome 
objects of ornament and utility carried bv 
Messrs. W. H. Glenny, Sons & Co. Suffice 
it to say that it embraces full lines of 
imported and American household goods 
for the trade — plain and ornamental china, 
glass, crockery, chandeliers, gas fixtures, 
lamps of all kinds, with trimmings for 
same, clocks in every conceivable design, 
sterling silver and plated ware, and a 
variety of goods too numerous to even name here. The house also makes a specialty 
•of a full line of domestic housekeeping goods of medium grade and low prices, enabling 
their trade to supply consumers with anything required, suitable for people in every 
station and of every degree of means. 

As before remarked, this is one of the largest establishments in the country. The 
founder of the house, Mr. W. H. Glenny. came hither from the north of Ireland in 
1836. He was of Scotch descent, and partook largely of the thrift and virtues of that 
people. His first employment here was as clerk in A. W. Wilgus' bookstore. In 1840 
he embarked in business for himself as proprietor of a small crockery store. The 
growth of the business obliged him from time to time to enlarge his quarters until, in 
1877, he was obliged, for the proper accommodation of the stock, to erect the block now 
occupied by the firm, which consists of Win. H., Bryant B. and John C. Glenny and 
Irwin R. Brajton, who, upon the death of W. H. Glenny, sr., succeeded him in business. 

Some idea of the operations of the house may be gleaned from the fact that, in 
addition to the building already noticed, the firm has a six-story warehouse, 65 by 125 
feet in area, at No. 45 Pearl street, stocked at all times from cellar to roof with goods 
of all grades in their line, exclusively for the wholesale trade. 

Messrs. W. H. Glenny, Sons & Co. maintain a broad territorial connection with the 
trade in general, extending all over New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and throughout the 
West and Northwest. The firm is one of the most liberal and obliging in existence, and 
•offers rare inducements to buyers. The office of the house is at No. 251 Main street. 




88 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



GERHARD LANG'S PARK BREWERY. 



Office, Corner Besl and Jefferson Sts.; Depots: Boston, Baltimore ami 

Washington. 




This now celebrated brewery, among the largest in Western New York and enjoying 
a national reputation for the superior quality of its product, was founded in the year 
L845 by Mr. Philip Born, to whom Mr. Jacob Webner succeeded, Mr. Lang buying out 
the latter in 1863. Under the present administration the property has grown to 
extraordinary proportions and immense value, the malt-houses and brewery buildings 
occupying an entire block, bounded by Jefferson, Best, Berlin and Dodge streets, and 
the architectural character of the improvements are of the handsomest and most sub- 
stantial description, as will be seen by reference to our engraving. The establishment 
employs in all one hundred and ten men, and the average annual output is not less 
than 100,000 barrels of the finest quality of lager beer, a favorite brand at home and 
sold largely throughout the Atlantic States, as far south as Virginia, requiring the 
maintenance of depots at Boston, Baltimore and Washington, the New York and 
Philadelphia markets being supplied by direct shipments from Buffalo in refrigerator 
cars. All the malt required in the brewing operations is made on the premises from 
selected Canada barley, and is of the highest grade. The brewery itself is equipped 
from vault floors to roof in the most complete and perfect manner with every improved 
modern appliance, including several immense ice machines, and additional facilities and 
conveniences are added, from time to time, as required. The leading specialty is 
Bohemian larger beer for export and home consumption, and it, is safe to say that no 
liner article is made either in this country or in Europe. 

Mr. Gerhard Lang, the head of this great brewing and malting industry, is a 
native of Germany, and emigrated to this country in 1848, when but fourteen years old. 
He learned the trade of butcher, which he successfully pursued until his marriage, 
in 1807, when he took possession of Born's brewery at the corner of Genesee and 
Jefferson streets. Industrious, energetic and enterprising, it was not long ere he had 
built up a business too extensive for his facilities. Looking about him in search of 
elbow-room, he secured the ground he now occupies, and has continued to prosper and 
add to his trade and manufacturing capacity from year to year until now, although he 
owns an entire square where his brewery stands, he has been compelled to extend his 
malting facilities by the purchase or erection of buildings in other portions of the city, 
and turns out aboul 250,000 Imshels of this product per annum. 

Mr. Edwin G. S. Miller, Mr. Lang's genial and popular son-in-law and partner, has 
for the past two or three years assumed an active part in the business management of 
these several enterprises, and has sole charge of all actual operations in brewery 
and malt-houses. The effect of this infusion of young blood is seen in the many 
Improvements, rapid advance and redoubled activity that has recently characterized 
every department. 

.Mr. William Simon, the intelligent and skillful superintendent of the brewery, has 
been in the same employ for the past six or seven years, and is one of the most capable 
ami progressive men in the business. 

"Good wine needs no bush.'' Lang's Bohemian larger beer speaks for itself, and 
every competent judge of the amber beverage pronounces the same verdict in regard 
to it — nothing better can be made from malt and hops. 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



89 



NIAGARA ELEVATING COMPANY. 

George F Sowerby, Manager and Cashier ; George S. Wride, General Fore- 
man—Ohio St., Foot of Chicago; Office, Room 44 Board of Trade. 




mini,; M 



nm^m^^M 



Oliver Evans invented the grain elevator in 1780, but it was not until 1842 that it 
was diverted from its original employment in the mill to the transferring of grain in 
bulk from vessel to warehouse and from warehouse to canal-boat and railroad car ; and 
to Buffalo belongs the credit both of that lone: forward stride and the erection of the 
first combined steam elevator and grain warehouse. Mr. Joseph Dart, who originated 
this innovation, referred to it in 1865 as follows : " My experiment, from the very 
first working, was a decided and acknowleged success. Within a month after I started, 
a leading forwarder, who had confidently predicted that shippers could not afford to 
pay the charges of elevating by steam, came to me and offered double rates for accom- 
modation, but my bins were all full. The great saving of time by the use of the 
elevator was immediately seen. To give an instance that occurs to my mind, the 
schooner John B. Skinner came into port, with four thousand bushels of wheat, early 
in the afternoon, and was discharged, received ballast of salt, and left the same even- 
ing ; made her trip to Milan, Ohio, brought down a second cargo and discharged it ; 
and on her return to Milan, went out in company with vessels which came in with her 
on the first trip down, and which had but just succeeded in getting rid of their freight 
in the old way." Of course the handling of grain at this port immediately received a 
fresh impetus, and the erection of mammoth elevators became the order of the day. 
It is, in fact, to the grain elevator, combined with her geographical, lake and railroad 
transportation advantages, that Buffalo owes her remarkable development and extra- 
ordinary prosperity during the past forty-five years. 

The most capacious and complete elevator ever built here by private capital was 
that of the Niagara Elevating Co., erected at Ohio and Chicago streets in 1868, with a 
storage capacity of 650,000 bushels, and facilities in the way of machinery, etc., for 
the transfer of 96,000 bushels per day. Three years later Mr.'Thomas Clark purchased 
the plant, and continued to operate it with unvarying success until in 1881-82 he built 
Elevator B (the old one being since known as Elevator A), of 1,400,000 bushels capacity, 
both together having facilities for the storage of 2,000,000 bushels. Mr. Clark con- 
tinued at the head of this immense business on his own account until his death in 
September, 1882, when it again passed into the hands of the Niagara Elevating Co., of 
which Mr. George F. Sowerby became manager and cashier, and Mr. George S. Wride 
general foreman of elevators. 

About fifty men are employed, and seven hundred dollars per week is paid in wages. 
We have already referred to the capacity of these monster elevators, which are located 
at the foot of Chicago street, occupying the ground between Ohio street and the City 

6 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



canal, with the advantage of side tracks and every convenience for the forwarding of 

Manager Sowerbv came to Buffalo from Wyoming county, N. Y., in 1883, entering 
the service of the Niagara Elevating Co. as general manager and cashier, still retaining 
his present responsible position by dint of unflagging industry and business ability. 
He has charge of the office, room 44, Board of Trade. Foreman Wride, who personally 
directs operations at the elevators, is a native of Sodus, Wayne county, N. Y., came to 
Buffalo in 1883, and has acceptably fulfilled the duties of his present position ever 
^iiice, having full control of the elevators and employees. 



F. A. KENNEDY CO., 

Manufacturers <>r I i ne Biscuit— Factories, Cambridgeport, Mass.. and Chi- 
cago, 111.— Office and Warehouse, No. 15 Fast Swan St., Buffalo— Manager, 
F. P. Hazen. 

Mr. Kennedy established his wonderfully successful venture in 1839, at Cambridge- 
port, Mass. More recently, a splendid branch factory was erected at Chicago, and, the de- 
mand justifying the movement here, in the spring of 1886, warerooms and a wholesale 
agency were opened at No. 15 East Swan street, Buffalo, under the management of Mr. 
F. P. Hazen, who had a previous experience of ten years in the company's service at 
other points. The F. A. Kennedy Co., as at present organized, is officered as follows : 
F. A. Kennedy, president; J. W. Hazen, secretary and treasurer at Cambridgeport ; 
H. J, Evans, secretary and treasurer at Chicago. 

The Buffalo agency is handsomely fitted up, occupying the storeroom and basement 
above named, 30 feet front by 100 feet deep, and carries full stocks of the Kennedy 
Company's unequaled goods, embracing the justly celebrated " Champion," " Cream," 
" Butter," " Zephyrs,'-' " Fancy Graham," " Cold Water," " Oswego," "Columbia," " Va- 
nilla Cream," " Illinois Butter," "Rockaway" and " Cream " wafers, many of which are 
packed in one and two-pound packages, handsomely labeled for family trade, and car- 
ried by all leading grocers. It is scarcely necessary to write a word of praise of these 
goods, they are so widely and favorably known. 

The Buffalo agency already has a large and growing trade with grocers and others in 
this State, Pennsylvania and Ohio. 



POWERS, BROWN & CO., 

Miners and Shippers of Reynoldsville Gas and Steam Coal and Coke— Coal 

and Iron Exchange. 

Of the leading corporations that have played a prominent part in making Buffalo a 
great coal market, that of Powers, Brown & Co. ranks with the foremost. For this 
reason, and also from the extent of their operations, the company is entitled to more 
than a passing notice. Their mines, which include the Soldier Run, Sprague, Hamil- 
ton and Pleasant Valley, are located at Reynoldsville, Pa., the center of a vast bitumin- 
ous region. The mines have a daily capacity of 2000 tons, and are supplemented by 
sixty-two coke ovens. Their average annual output is from 300,000 to 400,000 tons of 
coal ami coke. This is distributed throughout this State, the New England States and 
Canada. About 500 tons goes to New York city daily. The working force required to 
operate the mines ami coke ovens is about 600 men, and the monthly pay-roll ranges 
from $17,000 to $20,000. 

This company was started in 1865, and first transacted business in Buffalo at No. 7 
Main street, where it continued until 1885. The company was incorporated in 1879, 
with the present officers, as follows: J. Craig Smith, president ; Geo. H. Lewis, vice- 
presidenl ; Andrew Cant, secretary and treasurer. The capital of the company is 
$451), Old I, from which it ran be readily interred that unlimited facilities for carrying on 
the business are possessed. The company's general offices in the Coal and Iron Exchange 
are handsome and commodious, and the business at this end is under the immediate 
direction of Mr. Cant. It goes without saying that he is the right man in the right 
place. 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 91 



CORNELL LEAD CO., 

Manufacturers of White Lead, Lead Pipe, Sheet and Bar Lead— A. P. Thomp- 
son President ; S. Douglas Cornell, Vice-President ; Henry Spayth, Treas- 
urer ; Sheldon Thompson, Secretary— Office and Works, corner Delaware 
Ave. and Virginia St. 

The general public have a very imperfect idea of the im- 
portant part lead performs in the mechanic arts and domestic 
economy. Though classed as one of the base metals, dull and 
unattractive in appearance, destitute of glitter and musical 
ring, and of comparatively small money value, it is neverthe- 
» less a fact that the strictly useful trades, commerce and some 
\ V^wPXJRE ) .-r| I of the finer arts could much better dispense with gold and sil- 
\^OTn? T"fItVr / ver than witu our humble, unpretentious, yet ever useful and 
V^T^UJl, J^VS7 faithful friend in the blue gray coat, who, in one form or an- 
^K<\ \ &%r other, protects our homes from the elements, carries water to 

^ £Q*^ ^ every room, stops the leaks in all the gas-pipes, secures the 

glass in the sky-lights, forms a component part of the glass itself, smiles at us from 
the pictures on the walls, and meets and serves us at every step of our daily lives. 

Everybody knows that lead is dug from the bowels of the earth, that it is purified by 
fire and that it is cast into bars called pigs, in which form it is simple commercial 
galena- but comparatively few are conversant with the processes by which it is pre- 
pared for final use by the painter, the plumber, the glass-worker, the builder, the 
sportsman and the soldier. As at present we have only to deal with the subject as 
related to the useful trades, we shall omit further reference to the manufacture of 
sportin°- and ordnance stores, and confine our attention to a description of what we saw 
on a recent visit to the Cornell Lead Company's works, corner of Delaware avenue and 
Virginia streets, this city, where about two acres of valuable land is devoted to the 
production of white lead, lead pipe, sheet and bar lead. The buildings comprise one of 
four storiss 40 by 60 feet ; one of four stories, 25 by 80 feet ; one of four stories, 20 by 60 
feet • a one-story corroding-house, 60 by 200 feet, and a large and commodious labora- 
tory 'and office. The plant is one of the most complete in existence, embracing a costly 
equipment of the latest improved machinery and an 80-horse power steam engine and 
boiler From thirty to forty men are employed, and the capacity in all departments 
aggregates 3,000 tons per annum ; five tons of the best white lead and an equal weight 
of lead pipe and bar lead every working day the year round. S. G. Cornell's hydraulic 
process for the production of lead pipe, the most effective ever discovered, is in use 
here, turning out vast quantities of pipe which for uniformity, density, strength and 
freedom from flaws, is unrivaled. It is the manufacture of white lead, however, which, 
involving extraordinary skill, care, time and patience, possesses greatest interest for the 
visitor. With the unsurpassed facilities at hand, each process is as carefully studied 
as though the company were making but 100 pounds per day. Every step is directed 
toward securing the utmost purity of product, and every possible precaution is taken 
to preserve it from anything calculated to deleteriously affect it, the company having a 
standing offer of twenty dollars per ounce for all adulterations and impurities found^ in 
their goods. This explains why only the best results are obtained, and why the " Cor- 
nell " brand commands such decided preference among practical painters and dealers in 
white lead. . . . 

The material employed is the ordinary pig lead of commerce, which is received in 
heavy consignments of eighty and one hundred-pound bars, direct from the mining dis- 
tricts of the West and Southwest. It is removed from the cars to the casting-house, 
where, with the aid of an ingenious casting machine, it is formed into circular " buck- 
les," five inches in diameter and one fourth of an inch in thickness. After cooling, 
these "buckles" are conveyed to the corroding-house, where they are placed separately 
in small earthen jars or pots, with cup-shaped bottoms, each containing about a half pint 
of acetic acid. When filled, the jars are ranged in tiers, one above another, the bottom 
tier resting upon a heavy dressing of tan -bark, spread upon the ground, and each tier 
being covered with a plank floor dressed in like manner with tan-bark, upon which rests 
the next tier, course after course succeeding, until the roof is reached, when the whole 
mass is allowed to remain undisturbed for about ninety days, during which time the acetic 
acid acts upon the lead, evolving carbonic acid gas, thus reducing.the metal to carbonate 
of lead. The carbonate is then carefully removed and dumped into a screen specially 
designed to separate the converted from 'the unconverted lead, the latter passing into a 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO, 



per which carries it back to the yard, while the crude carbonate goes into a Lop. 
md thence between powerful rolls to be crushed and pulverized. From tin- rolls it 

rated to another screen, where any uncrushed particles that remain are separated 
and again returned to the rolls for further pulverization. The finely reduced carbonate 

11 passed through another screen corresponding to the bolting screen of a flour 
mill, provided with an automatic attachment supplying the proper quantity of water, 
and is made ready for the water mills, of which there are several, eacli provided with 
a run of the linest French burrs. After leaving the mills the carbonate is, of course. 

about as smooth and tine as repeated and minute trituration can make it; still, lest 
Borne coarse particles may possibly remaiu.it is subjected to the further and final test 
of the " floating" apparatus, where mechanical agitation separates the last vestige of 
grit, which returns to he reground, and the mass goes into the settling vats, and the 
water drawn off until the snowy lead is reduced to the consistency of paste. Thence it 
is removed to the drying kilns, and afterward ground in oil or packed for shipment in 
the dry state. 

The Cornell Lead Company, at this time the only house of the kind in Buffalo, and 
one of the most extensive in the United States, was founded in 1852, by Messrs. S. Q. 
Cornell and G. T. Williams, under the style of the Niagara White Lead Co. In 1859 
they bought out the old firm of Thompson & Co. In 1801 S. Q. Cornell & Son becanie- 
Bole proprietors, and in lSli? the Cornell Lead Co. was organized ; S. G. Cornell, presi- 
dent : A. 1'. Thompson, vice-president; S. Douglas Cornell, secretary, The present 
officers are named at the head of this article. They are all able, experienced, industri- 
ous and enterprising gentlemen. 



MERCHANTS BANK OF BUFFALO. 



\V. II. Walker. President : .Tames It. Smith. Vice-President; P. W. Fiske, 
Cashier; William BE. D. Barr, Assistant Cashier— Chartered 1881— Capi- 
tal Stock, $800,000— No. 208 Main Si. 

As will be seen by reference to the statistical portion of this work, the banks of 
Buffalo command a vast aggregate of capital and do a very large business in loans, dis- 
counts, collections and deposits. One of the soundest and most reliable of these insti- 
tutions is the Merchants Bank of Buffalo, Nos. 206 and 208 Main street, which, though 
only chartered in 1881, is already in the front rank as regards character, solidity, use- 
fulness and public confidence — a result referable to the excellent management that from 
the beginning 1ms marked its course and the superb directory and list of officers who 
have controlled its affairs. So well, indeed, have the officers performed their functions, 
that but one change has occurred since the original organization, Mr. W. H. Walker, the 
prominent shoe and rubber merchant, succeeding Mr. A. P. Wright in the presidency. 
With the advantages referred to, and a cash capital of $300,000, it is not, after all. sur- 
prising that the Merchants has proved a successful and profitable venture, as is shown 
by the following exhibit, condensed from the official statement of December 11, 1886: 
rees- Loans and discounts, $1,311,448.22; overdrafts, $130.77; bond and mortgage, 
$4,354.20; United States bonds, $1,000.00; real estate, $24,465.97; due from banks, 
31056; currency, $66,955.00; specie, $41,219.18; cash items, $19,371.79; total, 
$1,646,755.69. Liabilities— Capital, $300,000.00; profits. $65,152.48; due banks and 
bankers, $53 195.61; due depositors, $1,228,107.60 ; total, $1,646,755.69. The average 
surplus of the bank has been, for five years past, $00,000; earnings, $140,000; divi- 
dends, $81, ; average deposits, $1,200,000. The list of depositors is quite large, 

among the besl classes of the community, and is constantly increasing in numbers, 
while the deposits grow day by day perceptibly. 

The officers' names will be found in the caption of this notice. The board of direct 
ors is composed as follows : W. II. Walker, president and wholesale shoe dealer 
• lanes R. Smith, vice president and wholesale 1 umber merchant ; Alfred P. Wright, ex 
]. resident ami commission dealer in grain and stocks; John B. Manning, maltster, 
William 11. Q rat wick, lumber dealer ; Robert B. Adam, of Adam, Meldrum & Anderson; 
J. F. bchoellkopf, miller and tanner; George Urban, jr., miller ; Georsje W. Miller, 
largely interested in the Buffalo Car Manufacturing Company, Scoville's Car-Wheel 
Compi the Buffalo Cast Iron Pipe Company; Daniel O'Day, president of National 

Transit Company; and Daniel N. Lockwood, a leading attorney. 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



!i:i 



THE CRANDALL HOUSE. 



Asa B. Crandall, Proprietor, East Buffalo Stock Yards. 

Mention of the Stock Yards and the live 
stock interest would be incomplete without 
a reference to the hotel accommodations for 
the men engaged in the business. For many 
years Mr. Asa B. Crandall has been, to drov- 
ers and stock dealers, one of the best-known 
citizens of East Buffalo, in his capacity of 
hotel proprietor. He first took charge of the 
Stock Exchange Hotel in 1877, and soon 
established a popularity which is peculiarly 
the birthright of the born hotel man. In 
October, 1881, he became proprietor of the 
hotel which now bears his name. It is a very 
commodious and well-appointed house, and 
is run in strictly first-class slyle. It has 
accommodations for 170 guests, which have 
frequently been taxed to the utmost. The 
interior was re-furnished and decorated last 
spring at an outlay of $8,000, and additional 
accommodations are contemplated. Mr. 
Crandall is a New Yorker by birth, and has 
been in the hotel business all his life. The 
Crandall House is looked upon as a regular 
■ :: ' : :'f'':: : :' : :::'! ; ''^:' : :: : ;: : !' :: headquarters for stock men while in Buffalo. 

The rates are $1.50 per day, and it is no ex- 
aggeration to say that it is not surpassed by 
any at the same price in the country. The dining-room is where the patrons get in 
their work, as many as 350 dinners having been served on the same day. Mr. Crandall 
is ably seconded by his amiable wife, who equally understands and supervises the direc- 
tion of affairs. 




THE SCOTT SIGN CO. 



T. B. Schwarz, Albert H utter, Proprietors— No. 348 Main St. 

This is an age of progress, and the art of sign-painting progresses with the times. 
Not that all sign-painters are artists; far from it; but the sign painter who is an 
artist is necessarily a progressive one, an original genius as well as a skillful handler 
of the palette, brush and maulstick, and is never content to criticize his own or any 
other man's work with the mediocre ultimatum, " That'll do." With him the instinct 
of excellence is strong, and not until he has done his very best in the way of design, 
proportion, color and effect, is he satisfied to lay down his implements, wash his hands, 
deliver his work and collect his money. 

Such men as this compose the famous Scott Sign Company, successors to the cele- 
brated Frank B. Scott, whose reputation extended throughout the North and West, he 
having carried on the business here for nearly fifty years, and attained a most enviable 
eminence therein. The members of the present company, Messrs. T. B. Schwarz and 
Albert Hutter, are young, enterprising, public-spirited, capable and extraordinarily 
skillful in their vocation, both trained from boyhood to the highest class of sign-paint- 
ing, theoretical and practical, and associated for the express purpose of revolutionizing 
the art so far as Buffalo is concerned. That they have made great strides in this direc- 
tion is attested by the hundreds of samples of their skill which already adorn the city's 
business houses, among them, and especially worthy of mention, being the signs of 
Down the jeweler, the Globe clothing-house, Bliss Bros., photographers. Sippel & Son, 
tailors, the Wheeler & Wilson Sewing Machine Co., E. N. Yerxa's grocery house, and 
others — signs that are true works of art, beautiful in proportion and design, appro- 
priate and attractive. 

The Scott Sign Co. occupy the entire fourth floor of No. 348 Main street, '25 by 05 
feet, employ a large force of competent workmen, superintend all work themselves, are 
prompt, earnest and reliable and very popular. 



94 



77/ /•; IND USTRIES OF B UFF. ILO. 




(See opposite page.) 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 05 

COSACK & COMPANY. 

Herman Cosack, H. T. Koerner, Charles E. Hayes — Lithographers and 
Publishers — Nos. 90 to lOO Lakeview Ave., Buffalo — Branches in New 
York, Chicago, Philadelphia, Boston, Cincinnati, St. Louis, Hartford, 
Pittsburg and Toronto. 

The art of lithography becomes daily of greater excellence and utility to the world. 
Its field of usefulness is practically unlimited, and it has become an important factor in 
the cluster of manufactures that have developed in the United States during the past 
fifty years. The aggregate capital invested in the United States is nearly twenty mill- 
ion of dollars, and the number of hands directly employed over twenty-five thousand. 
The rare skill of its designers, artists and craftsmen have easily placed lithography in 
the very front rank of artistic usefulness, and at the same time brought the cost within 
the reach of the merchant and the manufacturer. Each year witnesses new devel- 
opments and discoveries in the art, and the establishment of colossal new houses 
devoted to its pursuit. Buffalo has long been noted for the number and high rank of 
its lithographers. Cosack & Company have contributed principally to extend her fame 
abroad through the land, and have marked the progressive steps of the art in achieve- 
ments which have placed them among the first three establishments in the United 
States. Proof of the commanding position long held by them was supplied by the 
special authorization given tbem by the Centennial commissioners in entrusting them 
with the lithographic reproduction of the most important exhibits of the Centennial 
Exposition — a tribute to the glory of lithography and a lasting monument to the ability 
and skill of this firm. Originally founded in a modest way by Mr. Cosack, April 4, 
1864, the house has earned its title to distinction by the energy, enterprise, skill and 
liberality that has ever characterized its operations. Mr. Cosack's first establishment 
was located on Main street ; in 186? removed to 251 to 257 Washington street, in what 
was then well known as the " Commercial Advertiser" building ; in 1880 to 204 to 210 
Exchange street, from where, by the operations of the West Shore road, they were 
obliged to remove to temporary quarters, corner Swan and Ellicott streets. In 1885 
they finally removed to the present splendid building, erected by them specially for the 
business, on Lakeview avenue. Several changes had occurred previously in the firm 
by the admission, withdrawal and death of partners, and the present firm of H. Cosack, 
H. T. Koerner and Charles E. Hayes was organized in August, 1881. Messrs. Cosack 
and Koerner are practical lithographers of commanding talent and skill, and person- 
ally superintend the operations within the establishment, while Mr. Hayes has charge of 
the business department, and supervises the various branches of the company in New York, 
Chicago, Philadelphia, Boston, Cincinnati, St. Louis, Hartford, Pittsburg and Toronto. 
The firm's building, erected in the center of an immense open square, 103 by 316 feet, 
has a frontage of 70 feet on Lakeview avenue and a depth of 300 feet, two stories high 
in front and three in the rear. The general offices and private offices of Messrs. Cosack 
and Hayes occupy the ground floor front, while Mr. Koerner's office, which commands a 
full view of the lithographing and press-rooms and the artists' rooms, occupy the second 
story front, commanding a fine prospect of Lake Erie. Niagara river and the pictur- 
esque and historical Canada shore. We copy the following well-written description 
from the Buffalo Commercial Advertiser : 

" The press-room on the ground floor, opening immediately from the main offices, is 
the largest press-room in the United States, measuring 70 by 200 feet and 40 feet high, 
without a single post, partition, belt, shaft or pulley to obstruct the view or to impede 
the movements of the employees. The roof is supported by fourteen trusses of immense 
strength resting on brick and stone abutments. To the right of the room are the large 
stop-cylinder Hoe presses, on solid foundations placed in one line, occupying a length 
of 147 feet. At the end of these are the paper-cutters, bronzing machines, stone 
planers, ink mills, etc. Immediately in the rear of the presses are 14,000 feet of drawer 
racks for printed paper, with a capacity of over 200,000 sheets — a day's run. In a line 
with the racks is placed all the stones, selected and arranged according to size, three by 
six inches to 34 by 48 inches, numbering in all over 4,000. On the left-hand side of the 
press-room are the hand presses of the provers and transferrers. In a straight line back 
of these are the stone grinders and the shipping department. As we leave the press- 
room two large doors give entrance to the drying room, 70 by 70 and 40 feet high, filled 
with high drying-racks. From here a magnificent view of the lake, the Niagara river 
and the new proposed park are obtained. All of the rooms, offices, press-room and 
drying rooms are located on one floor, making up the total length of the building. One 
flight of stairs down from the drying-room brings us to the bindery and paper stock 
rooms, also 70 by 70 feet. A little door to the left, through the intersecting wall, 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



dividing the press room from the drying-room, explains the absence of all belts, shaft- 
ing, counter-shafting, pulleys, etc . with their complement of oil, grease, dust and dan- 
ger from the press room. Here, running from the level of the bindery floor to the 
underneath the entire press room, is a tunnel, 200 feet long, 18 by 11 feet, in 
which nil of the Bhafiing, etc., and all of the driving machinery of the establishment is 
t li u> effectually doing away with the greatest obstacle printing rooms of all 
classes are subjected to. This is at oner the most novel and useful feature of this model 
establishment. Immediately below the bindery floor, on a level with Fourth street, is 
the engine and boiler room, coal pit and general storage-room of the company. Two 
boilers of 75 and 50 horse power respectively, with Andrew Kilter's smoke consumer 
attached, furnish the power for a large 75-horse-power Tifft engine, which runs the 
works, and a 30 horse power Rice's automatic engine for the Weston incandescent elec- 
tric light dynamo, by which the entire plant is lighted." 

From 175 to 820 persons are employed in this great lithographic establishment, 
including artists, pressmen, transferrers, feeders and assistants in all departments. 
Wages to the amount of $1,800 per week are disbursed, and the firm's output averages 
on ji year. The leading specialty is fine color work, for which the house is justly 
famous. Cosack & Company are a credit to Buffalo, and perform their full share in 
spreading abroad the fame of the " Queen City of the Lakes.'' 



W. H. WALKER, 

Wholesale Boots, Shoe's and Rubbers— Nos. 210 and 212 Main St. 

The wholesale trade of Buffalo in boots, shoes, rubbers and kindred goods is very 
large, and grows with a healthy and permanent growth that must be very gratifying to the 
business community at large, as well as to those directly engaged in it. In the intro- 
ductory chapters of this work will be found the statistics of this, with those of other 
branches of commerce, and it must be acknowledged, by even the most indifferent, that 
they present a pleasing exhibit. 

Of the leaders in this branch of enterprise few, if any, have of late years exercised a 
more powerful or beneficent influence than the gentleman whose name heads this 
notice. For more than thirty years previous to 1876 he was of the celebrated firm of 
O. P. Ramsdell & Co. , where he acquired a thorough knowledge, theoretical and prac- 
tical, of the boot, shoe and rubber business. Withdrawing in the year named, he estab- 
lished his present colossal house, Nos. 210 and 212 Main street, where he has achieved, 
in ten years, a success and reputation that most men would be proud to have earned 
in a lifetime. 

Mr. Walker's regular customers are found all over Western New York, Northern 
Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, other Western States, and the Dominion of 
Canada. In his specialties of men's, women's, boys', misses' and children's boots, shoes 
and rubbers, no house, East or West, can offer better inducements as regards styles, 
workmanship, materials or prices, nor in the careful filling of orders, promptitude and 
liberality. His goods are from the most reliable manufacturers, and a bill of lading 
from W. II. Walker is tantamount to a guarantee. As to the volume of his sales little 
need be said — in fact, no better evidence of the confidence in which he is held, or the 
condition of his business, could be adduced than the simple statement that for several 
years past his annual transactions have averaged $700,000. 

His store and warehouse are among the most commodious and convenient on the con- 
tinent, — the former 37 by 80 feet, five stories and basement ; the latter located in the 
60 by 60 feel and six stories, and devoted almost exclusively to rubber goods. An 
immense and extremely valuable stock is carried at all seasons, and buyers will always 
find here a varied and carefully selected assortment from which to choose. Several 
elevators, operated by silent Otto gas engines, facilitate communication between the 
numerous floors of both buildings, and, with excellent light and ventilation, add much 
to the comfort and pleasure of a tour through the premises. 

Mr. Walker employs, in all, twenty men, seven of whom travel for the house, while 
the remainder are utilized as bookkeepers, clerks, salesmen and porters. 

Mr. Walker also stands very high as a citizen and in mercantile and financial circles. 
He is president of the Merchants' Bank of Buffalo, and enjoys the unbounded confidence 
and respect of all classes. 

On the first day of January, 1887, Mr. Walker admitted as partners Edward C. 
i and William A. Joyce, and the style of the firm is now, Win. H. Walker & Co. 
gentlemen have been with Mr. Walker for many years, and this advancement is 
a just recognition of their faithfulness and ability. 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



97 



BUFFALO CEMENT COMPANY (Limited), 

Manufacturers of Hydraulic Cement — Lewis J. Bennett, President; 
Andrew Spalding, Vice-President ; William W. Pierce, Secretary and 
Treasurer— Office, No. HO Franklin St.; Works, Buffalo Plains. 




~~* Among other important lines of manufacture for which Buffalo has secured a 
leading position for unsurpassed excellence may be mentioned that of cement. A rep- 
resentative of this work was fortunate in paying a visit to the works of the Buffalo 
Cement Company (Limited), which are located in the suburban portion of the city out 
Main street known as Buffalo Plains. With the able assistance of the president of the 
•company, Mr. Lewis J. Bennett, a complete tour of inspection was made of the works 
and surrounding premises. The result completely demonstrated the fact that this com- 
pany is manufacturing an article of cement which is equal in every respect to the 
imported article known as the world's standard — Portland cement. This company 
owns 220 acres of land, containing valuable deposits of stone particularly adapted, with 
the special methods of treatment employed by this company, for the production of the 
best quality of cement. Mr. Bennett is an accomplished geologist, as well as a mechan- 
ical expert' and has given the subject years of the closest investigation and study. The 
result will be briefly sketched. 

The Buffalo Ceinent Company (Limited) was incorporated March 7, 1877, with a 
capital of $100,000. New works were erected on a large scale. There are twelve 
kilns, with a capacity of 1.200 barrels per day. The mill is 50 by 60 feet, and, included 
with a warehouse, 130 by 50 feet. Adjoining, on the west side, is another warehouse, 
163 by 49 feet, and adjoining on the east is another warehouse, 182 by 36 feet. A new 
warehouse, 200 by 51 feet, will occupy a position parallel with the track of the Erie 
railroad, which reaches the works. The disintegrating mills are worthy of mention. 
This mill is Mr. Bennett's patent, and is different from any other in the world. It 
readily reduces the hardest quality of stone after coming from the kilns, and which 
formerly could not be utilized. This, when ground, makes the best quality of cement, 
equal in every respect to the Portland article. Tests were taken of ceinent, which 
showed the following results: A briquette, one inch square, twenty-one days old, 
showed a tensile strength of 300 pounds; another, thirty-nine days old, broke at 316 
pounds, while the average at one year, without being mixed, was about 600 pounds, 
pure cement. The crushing strength is ten times the above. In 1878 Mr. Bennett 
made over 1,000 tests of all the different cements, a record of which is on file. It was 
found that the cement of this company would carry sands with the Portland. The 
Sewer Commision of this city lested over 26,000 barrels used in sewer construction, 
with the most satisfactorv results. 






THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFA I 






The product of the works for the year 18 ated 325,000 barrels 

150 men are employed, and the paj roll averages $6,000 a month. The 



, From 125 

total storage 

f will be 50,000 barrels. Mr. Bennett is a native of Fultonville, Mont- 

ounty, this State, and lias been a resident of Buffalo tor twenty years. In the 

of his investigations Mr.Bennett has secured numerous fine fossils and geological 

specimens Many of these have been secured bj the Smithsonian Institute. He also- 

mplete specimens of the geological formations to a depth of 500 feet, secured with 

a diamond drill at the works. 



THIRD NATIONAL BANK OF BUFFALO, 



Charles LSweet, President ; John l>. Bill, Vice-President ; Nathaniel Roches- 
ter, Cashier; William H. Stebbins, Assistant Cashier— Capital Stock, $250,- 
OOO; Surplus Fund, $65,000 ; Average Deposits, $1,500,000— S. E. Corner 

Ma in ami Swan Si 9. 

The Third National Bank of Buffalo, 
a recognized leading- financial institu- 
tion, was organized and chartered 
February 14, 1865, and has therefore 
been in existence nearly twenty-two- 
years, during which time it has per- 
formed its full duty toward its cus- 
tomers and the public and contributed 
in a marked degree to the progress of 
the city and the development of its- 
material interests 

That wisdom as well as liberality 
characterize the operations of this bank 
under its present administration is- 
abundantly shown by the last quar- 
terly statement, as follows : Assets — 
Loans, $1,218,656.18; United State* 
bonds, $225,000 ; real estate and B. M., 
$62,186.46; premium paid, $27,500; 
due from banks, $290,292; cash, $160,- 
957.93; total, $1,984,792.57. Liabilities 
—Capital, $250,000; profits, $12,554.- 
65; surplus, $65,000; dividends unpaid, 
$30; circulation, $45,000; deposits, 
$1,612,207.92 ; total, $1,984,792.57. 

The board of directois is composed 
of a selected list of prominent busi- 
ness and professional men, representa- 
tive of their respective classes, a» 
follows : Pascal P. Pratt, of Pratt & 
Letchworth, manufacturers of malle- 
able iron, etc. ; Emanual Levi, capital- 
ist ; Hon. L. L. Lewis, judge of 
Supreme Court ; John Satterfield, Charles G. Curtis and John N. Scatcherd, merchants ; 
I Keating, of Hoot >.V Keating, wholesale leather ; John D. Hill, physician, and 
Charles A Sweet, president of the bank. The officers are experienced and capable 
gentlemen, urbane and obliging, and popular with the business community. The 
Third National Bank building is a handsome and substantial four-story and basement 
structure, centrallj situated and eligibly adapted to the banking business, fronting 40 
feet on Main street and 176 feet on Swan, well provided with fire and burglar-proof 
vaults, and the banking-room remodeled, refitted and doubled in floor space during the 
nmmer. The Third National is an eminently safe, flourishing and reliable insti- 
tution which embarks in no questionable ventures, its management having long ago 
learned the value of the word " no" when properly used. 




THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



99 



BUFFALO CITY FLOUR MILLS. 




Harvey & Henry, Proprietors— Manufacturers of Highest Grades Roller Pro- 
cess Flours lor Bakers and Family Use— Dealers in Grain, Mill Feed, etc. 
— Nos. 91 to 107 Chicago St.— Up-town Office, No. 227 Washington St. 

Nothing more nearly affects 
the health, and happiness of 
mankind than the bread they 
eat, and, as good bread is im- 
possible without good flour, it 
is safe to say that the miller 
is more closely identified with 
the source of human enjoy- 
ment than any other of all 
the thousands who contribute 
thereto. Buffalo has long en- 
joyed peculiar and important 
advantages as a milling cen- 
ter — first as the metropolis of 
the former great Western New 
York wheat region, and later 
as the grand entrepot and point 
of transhipment of Western 
grain to the Atlantic seaboard 
— and it is safe to say that, though she cannot now boast of such immense mills as 
are found in Minnesota and gome other newer States, nevertheless Buffalo ingenuity, 
enterprise and capital have done as much or more to bring the art of flour-making to 
its present stage of perfection than has ever been contributed by any other milling city 
on this continent. 

There are still, however, several very large and valuable flouring mills here, turning 
out vast quantities of superior flour, and one of the most prominent of these is the 
Buffalo City Flour Mills, corner of Chicago and Miami streets, a substantial four-story 
brick building, 115 by 125 feet square, comprising two entirely separate and distinct 
mills under one roof — one devoted to the reduction of winter wheat, the other to hard 
spring wheat. The best obtainable grades of grain only are used, and as a result the 
flour produced is absolutely unexcelled in all desirable qnalities and immeasuraldy 
popular with all competent judges who have given them a fair trial. Of course these 
flours are made by the latest improved patent roller process — a system which of late 
years has completely revolutionized the whole art of milling. 

These mills were erected by Mr. H. J. Harvey in 1867, Mr. F. J. Henry securing a 
partnership in 1874. The equipment embraces a powerful steam engine, seven run of 
gradual reduction stones, a full complement of improved roller process machinery, and 
all the appliances necessary to a complete flouring plant, the capacity being about six 
hundred barrels per day. The firm also have ample storage facilities, and usually carry 
from 100,000 to 125,000 bushels of wheat. The firm also have the requisite machinery 
for the manufacture of the best grades of middlings, mixed feed, wheat screenings, 
etc., deal extensively in corn-meal, oat-meal, oil-meal and grain, and make quite a 
feature of their trade in dry feed, selling largely to city and country trade. 

Mr. H. J. Harvey is a native of this State and a member of several prominent Buf- 
falo business houses— Harvey Bros., Smith, Falke & Co., the Niagara Baking Co., Har- 
vey & Dake, etc. Mr. F. J. Henry is of French birth, but has resided here since 1858. 
In all, the concern does an annual business of $2,200,000, and is truly one of Buffalo's- 
great industries. 

JOHN R. POTTER, 

!Photographer— No. 323 Main St., Opposite the Churches. 

None of the arts come nearer to our homes and affections than does photography. 
By its means the poorest as well as the wealthiest are enabled to preserve the pictured 
semblance of their loved ones, and adorn their walls with faithful reproductions of the 
masters' best efforts. 

Photographers, however, are of several classes, ranging from the true artist of 



100 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



Attainments and experience, whose heart is in his work, down to the veriest 
and those who would obtain satisfying results must perforce exercise judgment 
:ind discrimination in selection ere sitting for portraits. 

One of the si accomplished and skillful members of the profession of whom we 

have any knowledge is Mr. John K. Potter, whose Gne studio and gallery of art occupy 
the third and fourth floors of the handsome bnilding No. 323 Main street. These 
rooms are 25 by 80 feel in dimensions, beautifully lighted, and fitted up in the com- 
pletest and most attractive manner — the operating apartment and studio with all the 
latest improved and most effective apparatus and appliances, the gallery elegantly fur- 
nish, 'd and attractive with a display of rare gems of photography which attest the 
taste and skill exercised in their production and arrangement. 

Mr. Potter lias devoted more than twenty-three years of his life to mastering his 
art in all its details, constantly experimenting and conscientiously striving for the 
highest excellence He is a native of East Aurora, N. Y., where he also maintains a 
nourishing branch establishment, opened three years ago. His headquarters here was 
founded in ISM at No. 305 Main street, whence he removed first to No. 256 Main street, 
and last year to his present desirable location. He is a popular gentleman, studious 
and attentive, and in every way a successful and prosperous man. 



F. W. CAULKINS, 



Architect and Superintendent — Room <>S, Chapin Block. 

Much of the credit for Buffalo's rapid advancement as a city of late years is due to 
her architects, many of whom occupy prominent places in the front rank of the pro- 
fession. One of the most conspicuous of these is Mr. F. W. Caulkins, whose handsome 
office, a little hive of bustling yet studious industry of itself, occupies room G8, Chapin 
block. Mr. C. is a successful man in the best sense, for his success has conferred and 
•continues to confer substantial and lastiug benefits upon the community with which he 
lias cast his lot. A polite and kindly gentleman, an active and enterprising business 
man, and an architect of the highest class, he has achieved a personal popularity and 
professional eminence such as any man might well be proud of. 

Mr. Caulkins was born in Hartford, Conn., removing when a youth to Toledo, Ohio, 
where he studied architecture from 1865 to 1871, when lie took charge of Charles Coots' 
office at Rochester, N. Y. Thence he went to Knoxville, Tenn., where he managed 
A. C. Bruce's architectural business for a while, returning to Mr. Coots, with whom he 
remained until 1875, when he became connected with Mr. M. E. Beebe of this city. In 
l s ?s ) ie opened an office for himself at Main and Swan streets. Four years later he 
removed to Minneapolis, Minn., and October 14, 1885, returned to Buffalo and estab- 
lished his present office. 

of the work he has done here and elsewhere the following list, while but a partial 
one, exhibits most of the most artistic, imposing and costly : Buffalo — Residences for 
George Francis, North street and corner Franklin and Allen streets; Mr. Lynes and F. 
W. Caulkins, Franklin street; Dr. J. B. Coakley, Dr. A C. Hoxsie and James G. For- 
syth, and remodeling residence for Mrs. George C. Whiting, Delaware avenue; 
residences for Nelson Holland and Porter Ilickox, Bryant street ; for Mrs. 1. S.Bennett, 
Frank C. Porter and Mrs. McNevin, on the Circle; for James H. Smith, Ferry street ; 
E. B. Smith, Linwood avenue; remodeling residence for same, Linwood avenue and 
Perry street ; fifteen frame houses on Fourteenth street; Chapin block, Swan and Pearl 
streets; Austin's lire-proof building, Franklin and Eagle streets; remodeliug Calvary 
Presbyterian church, Delaware avenue ; Prospect Avenue Baptist church, Prospect 
avenue and Georgia street ; remodeling Church of the Messiah, Main street ; St. Louis 
Catholic school-house, Edward street; malt-house of W. W. Sloan, Hydraulic; Marine 
bank, Main street; extension of Barnes, Hengerer & Co.. Main street,; store for Louis 
Bergtold, Genesee and Ellicott streets; store for William F. Garbe, Seneca street. 
Elsewhere Citizens' bank, Minneapolis, Minn.; county jail, Eau Claire, Wis.; store for 
Budge & Eshleman, Grant Forks, Dak.; residence for T. B. Casey, Minneapolis, Minn. ; 
bank, water works and pump house and store for George P. Smith, Tonawanda, 
N. V. : opera house, Olean, N. \ . ; house for a. T. Rogers, Binghamton, N. Y. ; bank 
at Cattaraugus, N. Y. ; residence for Grant Warren, Fort Erie. 

Mr. Caulkins adds thorough training to the highest order of talent, is well and ably 
Ited l>\ a compel, -lit office force, and is in all respects capable and reliable. 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFAIO. 101 



BANK OF ATTICA. 



G. Barrett Rich, President; F. L. Danforth, Cashier; J. W. Smith, Assisc- 
ant Cashier — Corner Pearl ami Seneca Sts. 

This is a State bank, and the oldest bank in Erie county, established in the village 
of Attica in 1836, and removing to Buffalo in 1842, transacting business in Spauld- 
ing's Exchange until 1860, when it removed to the large and handsome iron building- 
now occupied, corner of Pearl and Seneca streets. The capital stock, originally 
$160,000, was, in June, 1856, increased to $200,000, and in October of the same year to 
$250,000, with $80,000 surplus. The original board of directors, all long since dead, 
was as follows: Gaius B. Rich, A. J. Rich (son of G. B. Kich), John S. Ganson, Horace 
White and Hamilton White. From these G. B. Rich was selected for president, and A. 
J. Rich for vice-president. Broken health forced President Rich into retirement in 
1852, whereupon he was succeeded by his son, A. J. Rich. Mr. G. Barrett Rich, who 
now presides over the destinies of the Bank of Attica, is a grandson of the founder, 
three generations of the same family having held that responsible post. 

This noble old bank, during its career of half a century, has seen all of its local con- 
temporaries disappear from the scene of action, followed by many of more recent date, 
yet it has never failed to meet its liabilities, dollar for dollar, and is to-day stronger, 
richer and more influential than ever. Always liberal to its customers, public-spirited 
and enterprising in its management and policy, sound conservatism and caution have 
nevertheless characterized every act of the directory and officer^, and it would be diffi- 
cult indeed to name a fiduciary trust that enjoys a larger share of public confidence than 
is lavished upon the Bank of Attica. The officers are named in our caption. The fol- 
lowing named gentlemen compose the present board of directors: E. G. Spaulding, F. 
L. Danforth, P. P. Pratt, G. Barrett Rich, George S. Hazard. 

The Bank of Attica does a legitimate banking business in all that the word implies, 
including the payment of interest on deposits, loans, discounts, collections, etc., and has 
regular correspondents at all the leading monetary centers. The subjoined official 
report exhibits its financial condition at the date of publication, December 11, 1886 — a 
most satisfactory showing : Resources — Loans and discounts, $816,787.91; overdrafts, 
$528.88; due 'from banks, $138,996.76; United States bonds, $1,000.00; specie, 
$20,590.79; currency, $34,769.00; checks for exchanges, $6,741.25; current expenses, 
$7,119 01 ; total, $1,026,533.60. Liabilities— Capital stock, $250,000.00; profits, $82,307.28; 
due depositors, $687,544.26; due banks, $6,682.06; total, $1,026,533 60. 



O. A. TAFT, 

Artist Photographer— No. 272 Main St., near Swan. 

Mr. Taft is a rarely accomplished and successful photographer, who for twenty- 
eight years has devoted his native talent and energy to the uninterrupted study and 
pursuit of his profession in all of its higher branches, the result being the achievement 
of a reputation second to that of no artist legitimately engaged in photography west of 
New York city. Mr. Taft was born in Vermont, and has had practical experience in 
his vocation in three States, thus acquiring a knowledge of men and women and their 
tastes which enables him to give a degree of satisfaction in pose, style and general 
effect seldom attained by photographers as a class. 

Mr. Taft has resided and labored at his profession in Buffalo since 1881. In 1882 he 
first occupied his present location, where he has the third and fourth floors and employs 
a capable force of assistants, his parlors and operating rooms being models of neatness 
and convenience. He has a large and steadily increasing circle of desirable patrons in 
the city and surrounding country, and may be fairly classed as a successful business 
man as well as artist. His specialties embrace all the higher grades of portrait photo- 
graphy, bromide enlargements, crayon portraits, and the most perfect and beautiful 
work in all branches. A visit to his gallery and studio will well repay lovers of art and 
admirers of the beautiful, whether they desire to sit for their own counterfeit present- 
ments or merely to profitably and pleasantly while away an hour or two of leisure time. 

The view of Main street from the windows is enlivening, and persons out shopping 
find this a delightful lounge, where they can rest as they examine the works of art. 
Teachers and others find it a pleasant way of passing an hour or two of their leisure 
time. 






THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



M. B. SHANTZ & CO., 





BUFTALO. 



3ESL.IN. 



Manufacl arers and Importers <>r Pine Buttons — Nos. 14 to 24 Wells St., 
Buffalo— J. V. Shantz & s<m, King St., Berlin, Ont. ; M. B. Shantz & Co., 
n.i. in? Grand St., n<" Xork ; n<». r><» Summer St., Boston. 

ft 

Good clothes — with 
buttons on them — 
distinguish the civ- 
ilized and enlight- 
ened being from the 
barbarian, and the 
loss of a button may 
and frequently does 
set the wheels of 
progress to spinning 
backward at a ter- 
rilic rate,threatening 
to plunge the car in- 
to primeval darkness or chaos — as witness the conduct and language of paterfamilias on 
discovering that the wife of his bosom has gone forth to her orisons leaving his last 
clean shirt minus the all-important collar-button, while missing suspender and waist- 
band buttons have cost the recording angel oceans of tears in expunging pardonable 
profanity. 

But we set out to say something about the manufacture of these useful and orna- 
mental appurtenances to masculine and feminine apparel, and to give our readers some 
account of the firm of M. B. Shantz & Co., the leading button manufacturers of this 
continent. 

In 1870 Messrs. J. Y. Shantz and E. Vogelsang formed a partnership and erected 
works at Berlin, Ontario, Mr. Vogelsang having brought the art with him from 
Germany. They prospered and added to their facilities from time to time until 1876, 
when Mr. Vogelsang retired, and the firm of J. Y. Shantz & Sons was organized. In 
188 I the Buffalo branch was opened by Mr. M. B. Shantz, the senior member and one of 
the sons, D. B. Shantz, remaining in charge of the original works at Berlin, comprising 
three neat two-story factory buildings, respectively 40 by 130, 40 by 60 and 30 by 40 
feet, illustrated above. We also present an engraving of the building, one floor, 125 by 
180 feet, of which is occupied by the Buffalo house. 

The machinery employed is of the best, much of it invented by the members of the 

firm, and all of it constructed especially for their use. At Berlin 300 operatives find 

steady work ; at Buffalo, 125 to 150. A large percentage of the 

finer work is imported in the rough from the Berlin house, and 

finished here. The leading specialties embrace every description 

of ivory and pearl buttons, fine buttons for clothing and for the 

use of merchant tailors, with whom the " Shantz " brand of these 

goods is extremely popular. 

The house lias a vast and fast-growing trade all over the United States and the 

Canadian provinces, and is known as a most liberal and progressive one. 



XSHAHTZ/ *" 




CLINTON BIDWELL, 

Now Vml, and Pennsylvania Agent of the Du Pont Gunpowder AVorks of 
Wilmington, Del.— Office, No. 14 West Swan St. 

Gunpowder is an agent of civilization, without which much of the progress of the 
past few centuries would have been impossible. Putting aside its employment in war 
— which, by the way, consumes but a small proportion of the total — gunpowder is 
indispensable in quarrying and mining operations, the removal of obstructions to 
navigation, the construction of tunnels, canals and internal improvements of every 
description, for fireworks, for field sports, and for many other purposes that will 
readily occur to the intelligent reader. 

The oldest and most extensive gunpowder works in the United States are those of 
the Du Pont family, on Brand v wine creek, near Wilmington, Del. These works were 
founded by Eleuthere Ireuee Du Pont, a native of Paris, who also founded the 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 103 

American branch of that family. He was a son of a prominent French gentleman, 
Du Pont de Nemours, and a student under Lavoisier, superintendent of the royal 
saltpetre depots and powder factories. The French revolution caused the Du Ponts to 
•emigrate in the winter of 1779-80, arriving at Newport, R. I., January 1st of the 
latter year. At that time the manufacture of gunpowder in this country was in its 
infancy and the product very poor, while that imported from England was but little 
better. This suggested to Irenee Du Pont the feasibility of constructing works and 
regularly embarking in the business of supplying the market with superior grades of 
gunpowder for all purposes, an idea which he carried into effect in 1802 by the erection 
of the original plant on the Brandywine. The energetic emigrant died of cholera 
in 1831, at Philadelphia, his works being at that time the largest and most famous on 
the western hemisphere. Since then the immense business has been ably managed by 
his sons and grandsons, who retain the old firm name. The works are now the largest 
of their kind in the world. In addition to the buildings devoted to the manufacture 
and storage of gunpowder, they embrace a saltpetre refinery with laboratory attached, 
oharcoal houses, machine shops, carpenter and blacksmith shops, planing and saw mills. 
The firm owns over two thousand acres of land, that stretch for three miles along both 
sides of the Brandywine, and on which are located three woolen mills, a cotton mill, flour 
mill, etc., giving employment to upward of five hundred operatives. There are good 
roads, substantial bridges, mostly of stone, and in fact no money has been spared to make 
the estate a model one in every respect. The high reputation permanently maintained by 
Du Pont's powder is due to the care bestowed upon its manufacture, and to the constant 
personal supervision maintained over all the processes and character of materials. 
The quantity of saltpetre and nitrate of soda annually consumed here is enormous, 
amounting to over eight million pounds, imported mostly from India and South 
America. The firm take especial pains to have a thoroughly pure and reliable quality 
of saltpetre used in their powder, and consequently have devised the most rigid tests. 
All descriptions of powder for military or naval purposes are made at the works, such 
-as hexagonal, prismatic, cannon, musket, rifle, mortar and pistol. In this connection it 
may be noted that the firm supplied all the powder used in recent experiments with 
heavy cannon, including those made with the Haskell multicharge gun. It also manu- 
factures diamond grain, eagle, chokebore, and the various grades of canister and rifle 
powder, as well as shipping, blasting, mining and fuse powder. The firm. owns a large 
depot at San Francisco for the requirements of the Pacific States, and have agencies 
throughout South and Central America and elsewhere. 

For eighty-four years these works have maintained their supremacy in this country, 
both for extent and quality of products, proving a powerful and faithful ally of the 
government in all of its wars, and a just source of pride as well as wealth to the 
•descendents of Du Pont Nemours & Co. 

Mr. Clinton Bidwell is agent for the company at this point, controlling its interests 
in Western New York and Pennsylvania. His office is at No. 14 West Swan street ; 
magazine — a substantial one-story structure, 25 by 40 feet square — some distance in 
the country. He carries an immense stock of gunpowder of all grades for all purposes, 
and will fill orders promptly and in the best manner. 



ADAM HAUCK, 



Dealer in General Hardware, Stoves and House-furnishing' Goods, Bird C^a^es 
Lamps and Plated Ware — Nos. 505 and 507 dlain St. 

Mr. Hauck established himself in his present business as long ago as 1854, and the 
famous " Model Hardware and Stove Store " is a Main street landmark known to almost 
every old citizen of Buffalo. In 1868 he admitted a partner in the person of a Mr. 
Garono, but the latter retired in 1880, and Mr. Hauck has never cared to associate him- 
self in business with any one else. He occupies a substantial three-story brick buildinc 
25 by 80 feet, carries a stock valued at $12,000 to $15,000, and does an annual business 
of $35,000 to $40,000 in general hardware, stoves, house-furnis'hing goods, bird-cages, 
lamps, plated ware, etc., his leading specialties being McGee's ranges and parlor stoves 
— a line of superior goods for which he has a steady sale. 

Mr. Hauck came to New York from Germany in 1840, went into business at Eton 
Corners in 1854, and two or three years later removed to Buffalo, where he has since 
resided. Last sumrcer, accompanied by his estimable better-half, he revisited the 
scenes of his youth in the Fatherland, but returned better satisfied than ever with his 
home in the free New World. 






THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO 



HOLLAND & VILAS, 

Manufacturers ol Lounges and Mattresses Welson Holland, Freeman M. 

\ Has N<>. 270 Court St. 




Among the varied industries represented on a large scale which have combined of 
late years to give the City of Buffalo a national reputation may be mentioned the 
manufacture of lounges and mattresses. This city has the credit of having one of the 
largest establishments of this kind in the country. At the same time, for a variety of 
st vies in lounges and artistic finish, it acknowledges no superior. The one referred to 
is that of Messrs. Holland & Vilas, successors during the past year to the late H. J. 
Comstock. The business was established by the latter in 1872, the premises occupying 
three floors of the mammoth block of Lee, Holland & Co., having a frontage on Court 
st nit of 1,000 feet. Being possessed of an extended experience and the very best of 
facilities for conducting the business, it expanded rapidly. Mr. Comstock's death 
occurred October 4, 1885, and on March 15, 1886, the present firm was organized. Of 
tin- individual members, Mr. Holland is one of Buffalo's leading business men, being a 
member of the firm of Holland & Stewart, wholesale lumber, and of Lee, Holland & 
Co. Mr. Vilas comes from Plattsburg, N. Y., where he was vice-president of the Vilas 
National Bank, and is an enterprising and accomplished business man. The active 
management "f the business in all its details devolves on him, and the showing since he 
has been in charge demonstrates that he is the right man in the right place. 

A working force of seventy five skilled artisans is employed, and over 150 differ- 
ent styles of lounges are manufactured. They include everything known to the 
trade in lounges, and new designs are being originated constantly. In the mattress 
department complete lines in wool, cotton, curled hair.moss and husk are manufactured, 
also on a large scale and of unsurpassed excellence. An adequate idea of the extent 
of the business of Messrs. Holland & Vilas can be had from the fact that during the 
past year it amounted to a quarter million dollars. The item of wages alone is $50,000 
a year. Several traveling men are constantly on the road, and the trade of this house 
da throughout the different sections of the United States. Its future is certainly 
most flattering. 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 105 

ENSIGN BENNETT, 



General Manager for the Buffalo Coal Co., Northwestern Coal and Iron 
Co., and Fairinount Coal and Iron Co. — Offices, Coal and Iron Exchange 
Building. 

The importance of Buffalo as a distributing point for the bituminous coal trade can- 
not be overestimated. The position which this city now occupies has been reached by the 
unsurpassed shipping facilities afforded by the different railway lines tapping the coal 
fields of Northwestern Pennsylvania, and which converge to this point. A much better 
idea can be obtained from a personal inspection of the numerous coal docks here of the 
magnitude of the trade than an array of figures presents. They are among the most 
extensive in the country, as the coal shipments from this port form an important factor 
in its lake commerce. 

Mr. Ensign Bennett is the general manager for three companies whose opera- 
tions are very extensive. His offices are located in the building referred to, and he 
is a fair type of the urbane and gentlemanly representatives of one of Buffalo's lead- 
ing interests. A few interesting figures are presented which will show the extent of 
the business done by the companies referred to. The Buffalo Coal Company owns 
16,000 acres in McKean County, Pa., and has a capital of $1,000,000. Its operations are 
confined to coal and lumber. The annual output has been 80,000 tons of coal and 
200,000 feet of lumber. About 100 men have been employed, and the pay roll averages 
$7,000 per month. Mr. G. Clinton Gardner of New York is the president. It has been 
in operation since 1880, and the trade is principally in this State. The Fairmount Coal 
and Iron Co., with a capital of $1,500,000, owns 4,800 acres in Clarion county, Pa., and 
600 acres in Jefferson county, and turns out annually 145,000 tons of coal and 10,000' 
tons of coke. The pay roll for the 175 hands averages about $10,500 a month. Col. B. 
K. Jamison of Philadelphia is the president, and the trade is distributed in Pennsyl- 
vania, New York and Canada. The Northwestern Coal and Iron Co. completes the list. 
G. Clinton Gardner is the president, and the company's property consists of 660 acres in 
Venango county and 1,400 acres in Clarion county, Pa. The annual production is 
125,000 to 175,000 tons of coal and 7,000 tons of coke. The number of employes is 
110, who earn $7,000 a month. The capital of this company is $1,000,000, and the 
trade goes to Canada and this State and Pennsylvania. 

It can be seen that these companies have ample capital and facilities to handle a 
large volume of trade. In the hands of Mr. Bennett their interests are ably looked 
after, and a large proportion of the business done is chiefly due to his adaptability for 
the important office which he fills. 



HARVEY BROTHERS, 



Flour, Grain and Seed 3Ierchants— No. 221 Washington St. 

This famous old house, founded by Harvey & Allen in 1858, not only has the advan- 
tage of great age and long experience, but of an established reputation for enterprise, 
probity and reliability as high as that of any similar concern in the United States. The 
present firm, composed of Horace J. and John H. Harvey, was formed in 1865, and is a 
recognized power and authority in the flour and grain trade. Mr. Horace J. Harvey, the 
senior partner, is interested in several outside business ventures, among them Smith, 
Falke & Co., bakers, and Harvey & Dake, Niagara Baking Co. Both are natives of 
Washington county, connected with this house for twenty-seven years or more, and 
both members of the Board of Trade. 

The leading specialties of the house comprise the finest grades of winter and hard 
spring wheat roller process flour, selected grain, and seeds of all kinds, in which latter 
they are the heaviest dealers in the State. They also handle great quantities of 
superior bird seed, which they pack for the convenience of the trade and supply in 
quantities to suit. 

Messrs. Harvey Brothers occupy all of the large four story building No. 227 Wash- 
ington street, 25 by 125 feet. They do an immense business in the specialties above 
enumerated, averaging over $2,000,000 per annum, and extending throughout Western 
New York. The bulk of iheir sales, however, are made to retailers and consumers in 
the city and surrounding towns — one of the best possible proofs of the character of the 
house and its goods. All the flour handled by this firm is from the renowned Buffalo 
City Flour Mills of Harvey & Henry, noticed more at length elsewhere in this work. 






THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



BUFFALO GLOVE AND WHIP MANUFACTORY. 



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S. BAKER & CO, NOS. 18 TO 26 TERRACE. 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



107 



BUFFALO GLOVE AND WHIP MANUFACTORY. 



S. Baker & Co., Proprietors. — Factory, Nos. 18 to 26 Terrace; Office, Nos. 
112 and 114 Commercial St.; Warerooms, Nos. 13 and 15 Pearl St. 

One of the industries upon which Buffalo may justifiably pride herself is the manu- 
facture of whips and gloves upon a large scale, and one of the most conspicuous estab- 
lishments of the kind in the United States is that of Messrs. S. Baker & Co. — the 
Buffalo Glove and Whip Manufactory — Nos. 18 to 26 Terrace square. The house occu- 
pies for manufacturing and storage purposes in all sis floors, viz. : one 70 by 100 feet, 
three 25 by 40 feet, and one 35 by 60 feet, with basement of like dimensions. 
•Sixty-five operatives and eight travelers are employed, and the capacity, which 
is taxed to the utmost by orders from the trade, is 100 dozen whips per diem 
■and 13,000 dozen of gloves a year, valued at about $125,000, the goods going 
to all portions of the United States and Canada. This is said to be, and 
probably is, the only concern of the kind in this country that is never com- 
pelled to close down for "dull times," running a full force from the first of January to 
the last of December every year, while others suspend from February until June. This 
fact alone speaks volumes for the character of Messrs. Baker & Co. 's products, for it is 
■certain that merit alone can command such a continuous run of orders. 

Mr. Baker, the head of the firm, is of English birth, and was reared to the busi- 
ness, his father having been a glove manufacturer before him. Mr. Henry H. 
McMartin, the junior member, is a native of this State and has always been connected 
with this trade. Both are enterprising, liberal men, and it is pleasant to know that 
they are successful and prosperous, the demand for their goods steadily increasing, and 
their personal and business popularity growing year by year. 



IRLBACKER & DAVIS, 

Plumbers, Gas and Steamfltters — Nos. 529 to 531 Main and 504 to 508 

Washington St. 

Messrs. Irlbacker & Davis are the leading represent- 
atives of their special industry in Buffalo, and conduct 
the largest and most famous plumbing, steam and 
gasfittiug establishment in the State, outside of New 
York city, occupying a substantial and conveniently 
arranged building four stories in height on Main and 
three on Washington, 200 feet deep, fronting 37 feet 
on the former and 58 feet on the latter street, and 
employing an average of over 80 skilled workmen in all 
departments, together with a full complement of all 
necessary machinery, special tools, etc. Their weekly 
pay-roll alone foots up about $1,300, and most of the 
larger and more intricate contracts for first-class work 
in their line awarded in this city and vicinity are given 
them, for the excellent reason that their facilities and 
resources are known to be entirely adequate to any 
demand that may be made upon them. 

The house was established by the present proprie- 
tors in 1861 — more than twenty-five years ago — with 
small capital besides their skill and industry. At this 
time the actual investment represents $100,000, and in 
recent years their transactions have aggregated about 
$200,000 per annum. Mr. Irlbacker has resided in 
Buffalo since 1844. Mr. Davis was born and reared 
here. They are half owners of the brass foundry and 
machine shop of Fries & Co., No. 508 Washington 
street, and hold half the stock of the Kast Copper and Sheet-Iron Co., corner Washing- 
ton and Scott streets, and are, besides, reckoned among the liberal, progressive and 
public-spirited citizens of Buffalo, fully alive to the city's interests and quick to per- 
ceive and encourage every movement looking to her material development. 







THE INDUSTRIES 01 BUFFALO. 



FRONTIER ELEVATOR CO. 




-> < • l> ii C. Graves, President; Gustav Fleischmann, Vice-President; Edward 
\. Cook. Treasurer; J. H. Prescott, Jr., Secretary — Elevator, cor. Hatch 
Slip and City Ship Canal ; Office, Room 3i2, Board of Trade. 

The Frontier Elevator Company was organized early in 1886, with a cash capital of 
$400,000, and at once proceeded to the erection of its splendid new elevator at the 
intersection of Hatch slip and the city ship canal. It is bnilt upon an entirely novel 
and original plan, combining great capacity with economy of space and power, and is 
of the following dimensions : Building exclusive of engine-house, 72 by 267 feet 
lineal measurement ; height of transfer or machinery department, 111 feet; height of 
marine towers, 127 feet; height of elevator above storage warehouse, 77 feet ; number 
of Inns, 126, each 8 by I s feet square and 52 feet deep. The engine-house at the east 
side is of brick, one story in height, 26^ by 132 feet, the equipment comprising one 
elevating engine, one engine and windlass for handling cars, and a small Rice patent 
engine to run the dynamo for lighting the entire establishment on the Edison incandes- 
cent system. The large engine is of the Hamilton-Corliss pattern, 500 horse power. 
The buildings are rooted with iron, and every precaution has been taken to avoid 
t from lire The company design erecting another building of the same dimen- 
sions ;ts the present storage house on the west side of the engine-house, which will 
also be covered with corrugated iron, iron-roofed and substantial. The Chase system of 
low 1>ins prevails, us elevators of this kind are considered much safer than" the old! 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



109 



style, and insurance rates are about one-third lower. Spouts above and below the bins 
are also dispensed with, thus still further reducing the risk. 

The location of the Frontier Elevator is especially advantageous for the unloading 
of lake vessels and the loading of cars, the ship canal on one side and railroad tracks 
•on the other providing all desirable shipping facilities. Steam shovels do the work of 
-unloading with extraordinary rapidity, and if necessary the elevator can handle 15,000 
bushels per hour or 360,000 bushels per day. About 100 men are employed, the com- 
pany having commenced receiving October 11th last. They are doing a large and steadily 
increasing business, and confidently expect to run to the limit of their capacity 
liereafter. 

The Frontier Elevator Company is composed of A 1 business men. President Graves 
is a lawyer by profession, formerly Clerk of the Superior Court, and at present a park 
commissioner and trustee of the Buffalo City cemetery. Vice-President Fleischmann 
and Treasurer Cook are of the firm of E, N. Cook & Co., prominent and successful 
distillers. 



WALBRIDGE & CO. 



"Wholesale Hardware, House-Furnishing Goods, etc.— Nos. 317, 319 and 321 

Washington St, 

This is one of Buf- 
falo's most extensive, re- 
putable and influential 
business houses, repre- 
sentative in its person- 
nel, in the volume of its 
business transactions, 
and in the high character 
and public spirit that 
have ever marked its 
career. It was founded 
by Charles E. Walbridge 
and George A. Bell, Feb- 
ruary 1, 1869, and up to 
January 1, 1885, was con- 
ducted under the name 
and style of Charles E. 
Walbridge, when the 
change to Walbridge & 
Co. was made. The firm 
is composed of Charles 
E. Walbridge and Harry 
Walbridge, general part- 
ners, and George A. Bell, 
of Brooklyn, N. Y., spe- 
cial partner. The loca- 
tion, Nos. 317, 319 and 
321 Washington street, 
n o r t h e ast corner of 
South Division, is one 
of the best in the city for the purpose, convenient to the business center, the hotels, 
railroad stations and wharves. The building occupied is a handsome and substantial 
five-story brick with basement, fronting 70 feet on Washington and 130 feet on South 
Division street, the interior specially arranged for the accommodation of the business 
to which it is devoted, which embraces wholesale and retail departments in hardware, 
implements and house-furnishing goods. A force of ninety men, including book-keepers, 
clerks, salesmen, mechanics and porters, is required to carry on the local operations of 
the house, besides competent and successful travelers scattered throughout New York, 
Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and other Western States. 

January 1, 1886, Walbridge & Co. purchased the entire hardware stock and good- 
will of Pratt & Co., which house retired from the trade at that time after an honorable 




110 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



and prosperous career ot half a century. Many of Pratt & Co.'b force of trained house- 
and traveling salesmen also passed into the employ of Walbridge & Co., who control 
most of the trade bail! up by the old house during a long series of years, and are con- 
stantly adding thereto. 

MesBra Walbridge ^V Co. possess every facility for the prompt and satisfactory ship- 
ment of orders for the hardware trade, their stock comprising full assortments of all 
goods pertaining thereto— light and heavy hardware, iron, steel, house-famishing and 
Builders' hardware and trimmings, including bronze locks, knobs, escutcheons, hinges,, 
en- in late an<l artistic patterns from the most celebrated manufacturers, and an endless 
variety of tools lor the use of wood and iron-workers. One large department is 
devoted exclusively to ^hop and foundry supplies, and here will be found complete 

stocks of nuts, bolts, rivets, sheet- 
brass, emery — in short, any and every 
item required for this class of trade. 
Particular attention is given to the 
retail trade in the goods above re- 
ferred to, and parties in want of any- 
thing in the hardware or tool line, 
from a tack to an engine lathe, will 
find it here. 

Herewith is presented an illustra- 
tion of the new reservoir vase, for 
lawn and cemetery adornment, of 
which Walbridge & Co. make a 
specialty. They are made in a varie- 
ty of styles and Bizes, ranging from 
20 to 55 inches, and in price from $10 
to $34. These vases are made with 
a reservoir to hold water. The 
moisture is drawn up into the earth 
by capillary attraction. The soil 
does not get caked and hard as in 
vases where water is poured on the 
top of the earth. Reservoir vases- 
only need watering once in ten to> 
fifteen days, making them invaluable 
for cemetery use. Catalogue and 
price-list mailed on application. 




dUlCAU Of ILL 



H. H. LITTLE, 



Architect— Office, Room 114 White Building. 

Mr. Little has resided and prosecuted his vocation in Buffalo for many years, and is 
deservedly popular, not only with property-owners, contractors, builders and others- 
directly interested in improvements, but with the business community and general 
public. His office, room No. 114 White fire-proof building, Nos. 292 to 298 Main 
street, is one of the most centrally situated, pleasant and best-equipped in the city, 
readily accessible by elevator, and in all respects desirable. A competent corps of prac- 
tical architects, draughtsmen, etc., is regularly employed, and it is a busy place. 

Mr. Little's specialties, to which he devotes his attention almost exclusively, embrace 
all classes of public buildings and fine residences, in the designing and construction of 
which he has no superior. In addition to the numerous business blocks, hotels, etc., 
that owe their beauty and fine proportions to his skill, Mr. L. has erected, in this city, 
some of the handsomest residences that adorn its fashionable thoroughfares, among 
others, those of W. W. Sloan, Delaware avenue ; Dr. H. L. Foster, Wadsworth avenue ; 
W. C. Fisher, Main street; John Thompson, Linwood avenue, etc. In the fall of 1885- 
he was appointed superintendent of construction of the new post-office, and under his 
direction tie- work progressed more rapidly than ever before. 

Mr. Little is a member of the City Council, and a courteous, obliging and liberal 
gentleman. 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. Ill 



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Booth & Riester, Manufacturers of Ecclesiastic and Domestic Art Stained 
Glass— No. 29 Pearl St., Nos. 23 and 25 Terrace, Up-stairs. 

The art of glass staining for architectural purposes is a very old one, the credit for 
the discovery of which is due to the mediaeval monks of Southern Europe. Many of 
the most elaborate and beautiful examples of this art now extant are found in the win- 
dows of ancient cathedrals and churches scattered all over the continent, some of which 
are hardly rivaled in our own day, notwithstanding the vast strides since achieved in 
mechanics and the multiplied appliances evoked by three centuries of unprecedented 
ptogress. Yet we advance, and the modern glass-stainer and artist in stained glass are 
gradually attaining a degree of perfection, each in his own specialty, that promises a 
complete elucidation, eventually, of the long-lost secrets of the craft and results that 
will eclipse the grandest conceptions and most magnificent achievements of the old 
masters. 

It is conceded that Buffalo holds a high position among the art centers of the New 
World, though the arts most patronized here are those which combine the useful with 
the beautiful. Among these is the art of glass-staining as applied to ecclesiastical and 
general architecture — the beautifying by its means of the temples of worship, 4 the places 
of amusement the halls of assembly, the public buildings and private residences of the 
people. While it is true that the city boasts but one considerable art industrial estab- 
lishment of this kind, it is also a fact that in point of extent and the fame of its produc- 
tions it is justly a source of pride and gratification to her inhabitants. We refer to the 
renowned Buffalo Stained Glass Works, founded on a small scale in 1845 by the late 
William G. Miller, who was succeeded, in 1864, by Messrs. Booth & Eiester. The 
works at present occupy commodious rooms at No. 29 Pearl street and over Nos. 23 and 
25 Terrace, having three floors 60 by 60 feet square, where twenty skilled artists and 
operatives are employed and an immense amount of intricate and costly work is done, 
the demands upon them steadily increasing and a corresponding augmentation of facili- 
ties and growth of output resulting, so that it is impossible to form a conjecture, from 
one year's transactions, what will be the volume of business for the next. 

Mr. Booth, the senior partner, is of English birth, coming to this country in 1849. 
A practical and accomplished art glazier, connected with the trade since early manhood, 
he devotes his undivided attention to this branch of the business. Mr. Riester, the 
junior, is a native of France, where he received his early training in the studios and 
workshops of the most celebrated teachers. He came to Buffalo in 1852, and has devoted 
his whole mature life to the pursuit of this art. 

The firm of Booth & Riester is famous throughout the length and breadth of, the 
land for the taste, skill, beauty and durability of their work, thousands of examples of 
which are to be seen all over the Eastern, Western, Northern and Southern States, Brit- 
ish America and the Sandwich Islands, as well as in most of the churches, public build- 
ings, theaters, libraries, hotels and stylish private houses of this city. Among the 
latest fine specimens of their handicraft in this vicinity may be mentioned a beautiful 
memorial window in the Olean Baptist church, the illuminated windows of St. James 
Protestant Episcopal church, this city, the English Lutheran church. Canton, O., the 
Presbyterian church, Gowanda, N. Y., a Catholic church at Gallitzin, Pa., and the new 
Polish church of Buffalo. 

That the firm is a prosperous and flourishing one and a credit to the city goes with- 
out saying. That it has done and is doing much to spread abroad the fame of, and 
attract trade and population to, Buffalo, is equally certain. 



112 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 

BUSH & HOWARD, 



M : 1 1 1 1 1 1 . < < i iii-i i <a of Hemlock s<>N> Leather — No. lo.~> Main St. 
Tli is representative old boase, founded by Messrs. Myron P. Bush and George Howard 
in ls|:{, occupies a most influential position in relation to the leather trade of the 
country at large. Mr. Busb passed to the reward of a well-spent life in September of 
1885, and was followed to his rest by his old and faithful associate last summer. Since 
Mr. Howard's death the firm has been reorganized, the present members being Messrs. 
George I; ll.uard and .lames H. Smith, who for some years were active partners in the 
establishment under the former regime. The name and style, location of tannery, office 
and warehouse, and approved methods of business are retained; honest goods and 
reasonable figures will prevail as of yore, and there is every reason to predict for the 
concern under its new auspices as large if not larger prosperity than attended its 
previous long and honorable career. The office and warehouse at No. 105 Main street 
occupy a substantia] four story brick building, 50 by 150 feet, providing ample storage 
and counting house facilities, while the yards and appurtenances cover several acres of 
valuable laud on both sides of Chicago and Scott streets. 

The single specialty of the house is the manufacture of superior hemlock slaughter sole 
leather, of which it produces and markets from 75,000 to S0,000 sides per annum, valued 
at $300,000 to $400,000, finding ready sale for the same all over this country, principally 
in the West, where this grade of sole leather is popular by reason of its uniform 
quality and durability. Such establishments as thatof Bush & Howard are an honor to 
any community, potent for good, and always acive in upholding those enterprises which 
promise benefit to the business and social interests with which they are identified. 



AM1DON & WHITE, 



Manufacturers' of Bit-Braces, Gold, Silver, Nickel and Copper-Platers — Nos. 
135 and 137 Main St., lO, 12 and 14 Quay St. 

Of the entire catalogue of smaller tools none are more indispensable for the use of 
the mechanic than a reliable and effective bit-brace that can be employed indifferently 
with a variety of boring and drilling implements. The American inventor has per- 
formed wonders during the past quarter century in devising new or simplifying and 
improving old tools, but it is doubtful if any expenditure of time, labor and ingenuity 
in this direction has been productive of more universally acceptable results than have 
attended the efforts of Mr. Charles II. Aniidou, of Buffalo, a practical and exceedingly 
skillful mechanic and machinist, who has for many years devoted his timeand inventive 
talent to perfecting the bit-brace in its various forms, and to the devising and erection 
of special machinery for its manufacture. Having succeeded in the application of 
mechanical principles to practical results, Mr. Amidon, in October, 1883, formed a 
business partnership with Mr. Ansley D. White, formerly connected with the Mer- 
chants Bank, and the new firm of Amidon & White at once secured and occupied as a 
factory the commodious building No. 135 and 137 Main street, two floors of which, 35 
bj 150 feet, were fitted up expressly for their use with a complete plant of the latest 
improved and costly machinery. At present the firm employs from forty to fifty 
10 to $350 per week in wages, and puts upon the market nearly $100,000 
worth of goods per annum, an output that meets with prompt sale, and is being con- 
stantly augmented. The trade of the house is general all over this continent, mechanics 
everywhere who have tested the bit-braces and other goods manufactured by Messrs. Ami- 
don & White always giving them the preference when replenishing their outfits. The line 
of braces made by the firm comprises a variety of improved forms specially adapted to 
the requirements of workers in wood and metal. Amidon's patent globe-jawed brace 
i- entin-ly new, and is confessedly the most complete and perfect brace ever made ; is 
simple, substantial, and quickly operated ; holds the largest shank bits, down to the 
smallest drills, of any and every shaped shank— round, square or tapering (any degree 
of taper)— and each shape receives the same even, tremendous " screw-lever-and-wedge" 
<rrip. When in use for hits the jaws are left with the largest opening up and the bit is 
dropped into the bottom of the socket, which is accurately centered. When required 
for drills, the proper slot in the jaws is turned up ; and, if the drill is long enough, it 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



113 



may be dropped into the bottom ; if not, it can be put in as far as desired, and held just 
.as firmly as otherwise. This is the only brace in existence that takes both bits and 
drills with the same jaws. No other brace in the market will take any and every 
size, shape and taper of shank of bits or drills. There never was a brace that held 
with such remarkable strength, nor any which distributed the pressure equally to all 
sides of any shank, as the globe-jaws roll in any direction, to fit any form. There can 
be no brace made to operate easier or with less effort in tightening. It is what every 
mechanic has long needed ; as, with it, small drills can be used to great advantage. It 
also makes a very convenient hand-vise, and can be used for screwing in picture-nails, 
■etc. It id handsomely made and full nickel-plated, with steel sweep, lignunivitse head 
and cocobolo handle. 

Of the other bit-braces, etc., manufactured 
by this house, and of which Mr. Amidon is 
the inventor, we have space only for brief 
mention of the wonderful corner brace, here- 
with illustrated, the only practical tool for boring in corners and close to 

walls, and is indispens- 
able to carpenters, bell- 
hangers and plumbers. 
A m i d o n ' s Barker im- 
proved bit-brace is uni- 
versally recognized as a 
first-class brace for ordi- 
nary use, and their new "Eclipse" 
ratchet brace, of which we present an 
engraving, is the simplest to operate 
and most durable of the kind ever made, 
besides being the handsomest tool in 
the market. This firm also manufacture a novel drill and lathe chuck involving the 
same principle as the globe-jawed brace, the only thing of the kind on the market. 
The patent corner breast-drill, constructed on the same principle of the corner brace, 
promises to supersede all older devices for the same purpose. 

In addition, the firm are extensively engaged in gold, silver and nickel-plating, and 
are prepared to do all work in that line to order in the best style. 

The trade will find it to their interest and profit to correspond with and obtain the 
illustrated circulars and catalogues of this house. 




J. H. ROSS, 



Manufacturer of " Buffalo "Quick Lime and State Land Plaster— Manufac- 
turers' Agent for Akron Star Brand Cement and "Best" Ohio Sewer Pipe 
— Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Imported Portland Cements, Calcined 
Plaster, Ohio White Lime, Plastering' Hair, Marble Dust, Fire Brick, 
Fire Clay, Soapstone Finish, etc.— Office, No. 141 Erie St. ; Cement Ware- 
house, River St., Erie Basin Elevator; Quick Lime .Warehouse, No. 213 
Perry St. 

Building operations and city improvements consume vast and constantly increasing 
•quantities of the above materials, and it would surprise even many of those connected 
with the trades to see the figures in detail. 

Among the largest dealers here is Mr. J. H. Ross, whose office at No. 141 Erie street 
is well-known and the resort of many of the leading builders and others in search of 
the goods of which he makes specialties. He has large warehouse facilities and carries 
immense stocks, carefully selected with reference to the wants of this market. His 
•cement warehouse is connected with the Erie Basin elevator, and has a slip to the lake 
as well as a railroad switch communicating with every line that enters the city, thus 
securing ample shipping facilities to and from all points. His quick lime warehouse. 
No. 218 Perry street, is a large two-story frame building, 50 by 150 feet, provided with 
private switch and all requisite facilities for receiving and shipping merchandise. 

Mr. Ross's business, established in 1879, is large and steadily growing in volume, 
and territorially covers this State, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Indiana and Michigan. Every- 
thing he handles is of the best, his prices are reasonable, delivery prompt, and every 
attention given to orders. Personally, Mr. R. is a pleasant, active and popular gentle- 
man, respected by all who know him. 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 
JAMES MOONEY, 

Real Estate and Insurance Agent Boom No. 20 Arcade Building. 

The popular and successful gentleman whose name heads this notice is not alone in 
his faith in Buffalo's inagnificenl future, nor in bis belief that as a point for real estate 
investment she stands in the fronl rank of American cities. Mr. Mooney, however, is 
not content, like bo many dreamers, to sit down with folded hands and await events, 
but is up and doing, early and late, in well-directed and intelligent efforts to bring 
about a realization of his hopes, laboring zealously, faithfully and untiringly for the 
development and aggrandizement of bis adopted home. His office, in room No. 20 
Arcade bnilding, is one of tbe most elaborately and elegantly fitted up in the city, 
roomy, well Lighted and convenient, and a favorite resort for those who seek buyers and 
sellers of property and insurance in reputable and responsible companies, of which he 
represents some of the best, including the American Central of St. Louis, the United 
States Fire of New York, the Heading Fire of Reading, and the Pennsylvania of Pitts- 
burg — all old, famous and reliable. 

In the specialty of real estate Mr. Mooney does a larger business than any of his 
local competitors, handling hundreds of thousands of dollars' wortli annually, princi- 
pally in and around Buffalo, though he accepts commissions for the purchase and sale 
of city property, farming lands, etc., in all portions of the country, doing a legitimate 
business in all its branches, buying and selling in the capacity of broker and on his 
own personal account. He also manages estates, collects rents, pays taxes, and in other 
ways looks after the property of non-resident owners and others who, for any reason, 
desire relief from the annoyance and burden of personally managing their property. 

Mr. Mooney is a conspicuous citizen and thorough business man, public-spirited and 
popular, a gentleman of affable manners, culture and refinement, and has been presi- 
dent of the Buffalo Real Estate and Brokers' Board since its organization in 1883. He is 
of Irish birth, but has resided here since 1850. He was for two years president of the 
National Land League — 1882-83 — and still takes an active interest in the local 
branch, though he holds no office. He is, in all respects, a worthy gentleman of high 
personal and business character, and deserves the prosperity he enjoys. 



RUMRILL & RUPP, 

Builders and Contractors — No. 1 Arcade Building. 

Of the hundreds of builders and contractors who have so ably seconded the architects 
in constructing the thousands of imposing public edifices and beautiful homes that adorn 
Buffalo and surrounding cities, probably none are mo're deserving of credit than the firm 
above named, composed of Henry Rumrill and Charles A. Rupp, founded in 1839 by the 
present senior member, Mr. Rupp being admitted in 1876. 

Messrs. Rumrill & Rupp have a handsome office in Room 1, Arcade building, corner 
of Main and Clinton streets, where one or the other of the partners will always be found 
in business hours, ready and willing to inspect plans, make estimates, and discuss busi- 
ness with those who contemplate building. They do a very extensive business in the 
city and all over Northern and Western New York, amounting to about $100,000 a year. 
Among the more prominent of the buildings erected by them in the past may be men- 
tioned The Genesee hotel, the Fitch Institute, the German Evangelical church, the 
Buffalo Bigh School, the State Normal School, Becker's building (Palace of Trade), the 
Glenny building (Main near Seneca street), the Richmond block (Seneca and Ellicott 
streets), the New York State Reformatory at Elmira, and many others, the list running 
"I» i 11 '" the hundreds. In each and every instance the firm have given complete satis- 
faction, and every contract ever awarded them has been executed to the letter, and in 
the hest, most skillful and substantial manner, their specialty being mason work, in 

which they excel. 

Mr. Rumrill is a Vermonter by birth, coming to Buffalo in 1836— over half a century 
ago where he has steadily pursued his chosen vocation ever since. Mr. Rupp was 
born here, and has been i„ the building line for more than twenty years. Skillful, con- 
scientious and successful in business, he is, besides, a popular citizen. He has repre- 
sented the Eleventh ward in the Board of Aldermen for two years, and is a director of 
the I nnes Company and of the Delaware Avenue cemetery. 

Such a firm of substantial, energetic, public-spirited men is an honor to the city, 
which is not slow to recognize their worth and their claims upon public support. 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 115 

T.J. MAHONEY, 

Real Estate and Insurance Agent — Notary Public and Commissioner of* 
Deeds— No. 9 Niagara St. 

There is no more inviting field for real estate operations than the city of Buffalo- 
presents at the present time. The scale on which public (improvements are being con- 
ducted, witb the vast outlying territory constantly being laid out and within reach of 
the improvement extensions referred to in the way of the finest paved and drained 
streets, water, gas and electric light facilities, augmented b} one of the_mosl rapidly- 
increasing populations in the world, all combine to give real estate investments a 
stability, with assurance of rapidly enhancing values, which would be hard to dupli- 
cate. Mr. T. J. Mahoney, No. 9 Niagara street, occupies a prominent position among 
the real-estate agents of the city. The business was established in 1881, and has 
grown to be one of extensive proportions. The facilities which Mr. Mahoney possesses 
are unsurpassed for buying, selling and renting real estate ; rents are collected, taxes 
paid, loans on real estate effected, tax and title searches furnished, and a general 
insurance business done. The fire companies which Mr. Mahoney represents are the 
Royal of Liverpool, Commercial Union of London, Phcenix of London, Westchester 
of New York, Orient of Hartford, Phcenix of Brooklyn, Western of Toronto, Kings 
County of Brooklyn, Prescott of Boston, and Exchange Fire of New York. 

There are probably few men in this city better qualified for the business than Mr. 
Mahoney. His long and creditable political career as a city official in different depart- 
ments gaye him an experience few men are fortunate enough to possess. He has held 
the offices of City Comptroller, Assessor and Auditor, besides having been cashier in the 
City Treasurer's office. At present he is a director, treasurer and member of the 
executive committee of the Lake View Brewing Co. Personally Mr. Mahoney is a very 
courteous, accommodating gentleman to come in contact with. In business he is 
prompt and reliable. 

CO-OPERATIVE STOVE CO., 



«J. H. Liudwig, President; W. Richardson, Vice-President; Michael Doll, 
Secretary and Treasurer ; Thomas Norton, Superintendent and Manager — 
Manufacturers of Ranges, Cook and Heating Stoves — Iron Castings Made- 
to Order — Particular Attention to Pattern Work — Office and Works, Cor- 
ner Amherst and Tonawanda Sts., Black Rock. 

The Buffalo Co-operative Stove Company was organized in 1854, under the manu- 
facturing laws of the State of New York, with a capital stock of $75,000, of which 
about $50,000 have been paid in. Its business is managed by the following board of 
directors: JohnH. Ludwig, Wm. Richardson, Michael Doll, Edward Kener, Wm. Baynes,. 
Adam Wick, Ignatz Scheisel, Jacob Shoemaker, most of whom are practical, and all are 
known as successful business men. 

The superintendent and manager, Thomas Norton, a skillful, experienced snd 
industrious moulder, removed to Troy more than forty years ago, securing employment 
with, Fuller, Warren & Co., where he remained as journeyman and foreman for 26- 
years. Theirs was then the leading American stove works, and during one season of 
Mr. Norton's administration as foreman manufactured one thirty-fifth of all the goods 
of this kind produced in the United States. He accepted the superintendency of the 
Co-operative Stove Company's works in January, 1886, and has been successful in intro- 
ducing system and economy and securing the best results in every department. 

The company's premises at the corner of Amherst and Tonawanda streets, Black 
Rock, embrace five acres of ground. The buildings consist of the ware-rooms, mount- 
ing and finishing shops and salesrooms under one roof, four stories in height, 80 feet, 
front and 60 feet deep ; foundry, 80 by 160 feet ; cleaning and grinding, engine and 
boiler rooms, 60 by 80 feet. Eighty men are employed ; about $1,000 a week is dis- 
bursed in wages, and the sales for the past year aggregated $125,000, mostly to Western 
points, the surrounding country and Pennsylvania. • 

It is scarcely necessary to say that the goods are the very best that carefully selected 
material and superior workmanship can produce. 






THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



BALL BROS. GLASS MANUFACTURING CO. 

Manufacturers of FruN Jars, Green and Amber Glass Bottles, etc.— Nos. 10 to 

32 Porter St, 




- ™ 

3i r r 



It will be a gratifying thing, and one the citizens of Buffalo may well be proud of, 
when the exhibit of this city's manufacturing interests appears in the present work. 
Almost every line is represented, and the returns show that the results are most satis- 
factory. In glassware the business is represented by the Ball Bros. Glass Manufacturing 
< •• It is the only establishment engaged in the manufacture of glass in Buffalo, and 
the lines they work on are fruit jars and green and amber bottles. Besides, a large 
business is done in the manufacture of tin cans, galvanized iron tanks, and specialties 
in stamped tinware. The business was started in 1879, the style of the firm being Ball 
Brothers. The works are at Nos. 10 to 32 Porter street, and are well equiped in every 
respect. They extend from a frontage of 212 feet on Porter street 265 feet deep to 
Heacock street. A working force of 150 hands is employed, and the weekly outlay for 
wages amounts to $1,000. When we consider the extent of the fruit-raising interest of 
Western New York and the vast quantity which is put up by the numerous canning 
industries, it can be seen at a glance that the demand for the products of this company 
is very large. The bottling business also takes large quantities of glassware, for which 
tin- local demand is large. The annual business of the company amounts to $210,000. 
Its officers are F. C. Ball, president ; E. B. Ball, vice-president, and George A. Ball, 
treasurer. They are all first-class business men, and have already achieved a grand 
success. 



JOHN WENDELL & SON 



Proprietors of Wendell's Star Laundry and Custom Shirt Factory— No. 350 

Washington St. 

Of remarkable developments in business of late, the growth of the laundry industry 
is one of the most interesting. The heathen Chinese demonstrated what was in it, 
and the popular antipathy against the almond-eyed Celestial soon opened the way for 
native enterprise. Among the several establishments now doing a business of large 
proportions in this city inaj lie mentioned Wendell's Star Laundry and custom shirt 
factory. It is located at No. 350 Washington street, opposite the City Club, and was 
started in L881 bj Messrs. John Wendell & Son. They do an annual business of $15,000, 
and employ on an average thirty hands. A very fine line of custom work in shirts is 
done, and tin- facilities tor doing first-class laundrying cannot be surpassed. The head 
of tin- (inn was formerly with \V. B. Sirret & Co. for a number of years, and is an 
A 1 business man The junior member was formerly in the gents' furnishing goods 
trade, and is also a first class man tor the position. A branch is carried on at No 63 
South Division Btreet. Mr. John Wendell is a native of Germany, and came to Buffalo 
"| 1849. lb- has had a long and successful business career, and is one of Buffalo's most 
respected citizens. 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



117 



THE EXCHANGE ELEVATOR 




And United States Bonded Warehouse— Greene & Bloomer, Proprietors- 
Erie Basin, bet. Peacock and Palmer's Slips. 

Not one of Buffalo's forty-five elevators is more eligibly located or better equipped 
for the handling of grain, either by rail or water, than the splendid Exchange, 
situated on the Erie basin and flanked by the Palmer and Peacock slips, provided with 
side tracks communicating with the New York Central & Hudson River, Grand Trunk, 
Michigan Central, West Shore and all Eastern and Western railroads entering Buffalo. 
The storage capacity of the Exchange is 275,000 bushels, and the elevating facilities, 
comprising the latest improved and most effective machinery, provide for the 
elevating from vessels and transferring to canal-boats and cars of 75,000 bushels 
per day. This elevator is also a regularly constituted United States bonded warehouse 
and a recognized convenience and necessity to importers, who find here every facility, 
official and otherwise, for the handling of Canadian grain. 

The Exchange elevator was erected in 1862 by Messrs. Wm. Rankin, Alfred Ely and 
Ashley H. Ball, and after passing through various hands Mr. Bloomer succeeded to the 
Stewart interest in 1881, the firm thereupon becoming Greene & Bloomer, the latter 
president of the Western Elevating Co. since May, 1885. Mr. Bloomer is a native of 
Cayuga county, N. Y., born in 1818, and one of Buffalo's most respected citizens. He 
is a practical millwright, and more than thirty-five years ago was superintendent and 
manager for the late Stephen Whitney of New York, having under his charge fourteen 
large flouring mills located at Oswego, Rochester and Black Rock. Mr. B., though well 
along in years, yet retains much of his former activity and vivacity, and is as full of 
enterprise and spirit as most men of forty. He has performed his full share in the 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



Qg up of Buffalo's commerce, and is as much interested in all that promises 

further developments thereof as ever. 

The Messrs. Greene are also public-spirited and prominent business men, sons of the 

\ -,,,. ii. Qreene, Esq., who died in April, L882. The hitter was a native of Boston, 

mate of Dartmouth, who studied law and was admitted to the bar at Skaneateles, 

removing to Buffalo in 1837. He rose to eminence as a counselor, practiced here 

t..r more than forty six years, and was a noble citizen as well as conspicuous business 

man. Be was an active member and friend of the Young Men's Association, an officer 

of the Buffalo Historical Society, and a trustee of the State Normal School. He died 

universally respected and lamented. The sons partake of the fathers lofty qualities, 

and rank with Buffalo's best men. 



BUFFALO CLOAK MANUFACTURING CO., 

Manufacturers of All Kinds of Cloaks— Xo. 38 West Seneca St. 

The growing importance of Buffalo as a manufacturing center has attracted attention 
from alfdirections within the past few years. The extent and variety of the different 
lines represented demonstrates the fact that the time is not far distant when this city 
will acknowledge few superiors in any of them. The Buffalo Cloak Manufacturing 
Co. is one of the leading concerns whose operations are of sufficient importance to 
merit notice. The business was established in 1878 by Mr. M. Block. His operations 
were on a comparatively limited scale at the start, but have expanded rapidly under 
judicious management. From a trade of $15,000 the first year the business has grown 
to $150,000, the latter being the figures for the past year. The entire attention of Mr. 
Block is devoted to the manufacture of cloaks. The very best talent is employed in 
designing and the selection of late styles. This is a feature of the utmost impor- 
tance, and is very successfully disposed of by the talent employed for this specific 
purpose. 

The facilities possessed by this firm are unsurpassed. A splendid five-story building 
is occupied, and every department is complete in itself. From 75 to 100 hands are 
employed, representing an outlay of $500 a week for wages alone. Mr. Block is a 
gentleman whose knowledge of the business and experience insures the permanent 
success of the enterprise. It has been almost entirely due to his efforts that it has 
developed so rapidly, and this is a fair criterion of what will be done in the future. 



JOHN A. BELL, 



Real Estate and Insurance Agent and Coal Dealer— No. 30 East Eagle St., 

near Washington. 

No city in the Union offers better inducements for real estate investments than does 
Buffalo, or more wide-awake, enterprising and public-spirited real estate agents. 
Prominent among these is Mr. John A. Bell, who, though established in business at his 
present location, No. 30 East Eagle street, less than three years, has already achieved 
extraordinary success, both in the handling and insurance of property, his transactions 
for account of buyers and sellers reaching a very large figure during the past twelve- 
month particularly, with prospects of a marked increase in the future. He gives 
special attention to the care of estates and property of non-residents, the collection of 
rents, payment of taxes, the purchase and sale of houses, lots and lands, and, possessing 
unusual facilities, renders unvarying satisfaction to his patrons. When required, he 
also executes bonds and mortgages, furnishes tax and title searches and negotiates 
Loans, and, in brief, renders any service usually expected of a general real estate agent, 
promptly and on reasonable terms. 

In his rapacity as an insurance agent, Mr. Bell represents some of the souudest and 
most reliable companies, and will take pleasure in placing insurance that insures, in 
iccident, plate glass, fidelity and steam boiler associations, as follows: Royal Fire 
of Liverpool, Buffalo Fire, Manufacturers' Fire and Marine of Boston, Insurance Com- 
pany of North America, and Pennsylvania Fire of Philadelphia, Lloyd's Plate Glass 
Insurance Co., of New York, and the Accident Insurance Co. of North America, Mont- 
real. All losses equitably adjusted and promptly paid. 

Mr. Hell is also a dealer in coal on a considerable scale, and fills all orders with 
fidelity and dispatch. He is a native of St. Lawrence county; has resided here since 
IsTii, und was bookkeeper for the Singer Manufacturing Co. * 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



119 



NATIONAL AND GLOBE FLOUR MILLS. 




Thornton & Chester, Proprietors— Office, No. 212 Erie St. 

Buffalo's trade in breadstuffs 
«s*" "-__ is large, and continues to in- 

crease from year to year. Its 
extent is set forth at length in 
the statistical portion of this 
work, and those who either 
feared or hoped that this port 
had reached the point of decad- 
ence in the matter of grain and 
flour will be agreeably or disa- 
greeably surprised (as the case 
may be) by the exhibit. Wheth- 
er the proposed extension of 
grain storage facilities shall be 
realized or not, it is evident 
that the Queen of the Lakes 
holds her own most satisfac- 
torily in this particular, asser- 
tions to the contrary notwith- 
standing. Milling, too, is pros- 
perous here, and hundreds of thousands of barrels of Buffalo high-grade flour is 
annually shipped East, besides what is required for local consumption. 

One of the largest flouring plants east of the Mississippi, having a capacity of 200,000 
barrels per annum, valued at about $1,000,000, is the National and Globe Mills, herewith 
illustrated, owned by Messrs. Tliornton & Chester. The plant is remarkably complete 
in all departments, but it would be impossible to give a detailed description of the 
interior, and we therefore pass it by with the simple statement that in point of equipment 
for every process, from cleaning the grain to the packing of the flour, everything required 
in each process is as perfect as the modern millwright can devise or money procure. 

The special brands upon which Thornton & Chester base their claims to superiority 
are "Thornton & Chester's Best Patent" and the "Globe Mill." These brands are 
universal favorites wherever introduced, as is proven by their popularity throughout 
New England, where none but the best can find a market, as well as at home, where 
many families decline to purchase any other flour. 

These mills were originally erected at Black Rock, but becoming cramped for space 
the owners removed their plant to the present location, since which time the enterprise 
has prospered exceedingly. 

The firm is composed of, first, Mr. Thomas Tliornton, who has been with the mill 
ever since its establishment in 184H — nearly forty years; he is a member of the Board 
of Trade and a respected and public-spirited citizen ; second, Mrs. Mary P. Chester, 
relict of Thomas Chester, a former member of the firm and one of its founders ; third, 
Mr. J. F. Chard, a native of Buffalo, and member of the Board of Trade, an active, 
enterprising man and good citizen. The trade can find no better firm to entrust their 
orders to. 



A. A. ENGLE, 

Proprietor of Schreck Elevator and Feed Mill— Nos. 366 and 368 Ohio St. 

The grain trade of Buffalo has always been the particular feature of prominence to 
which this city has pointed with pride. When it is considered that a large proportion 
of the grain product of the West is transferred from the lake craft to the canal at this 
port, it can be seen at a glance that the elevator facilities required are necessarily of 
great magnitude. Mr. A. A. Engle is prominently identified with the business. He is 
the proprietor of a fine elevator on Ohio street, which has a capacity of 100,000 bushels, 
built in 1881. The feed mill, which was erected in 1880, is a three-story building, and 
turns out a large quantity of ground and crushed feed for stock. His specialties include 
corn, corn-meal, cracked corn, corn and oats (chopped) and ground oats. He also grinds 
anything in the feed line that may be needed. 

Mr. Engle came to this city from Hazelton, Pa., in 1879, and his annual business 
amounts to $200,000. He is a member of the Board of Trade, and one of the live, 
active representatives of this important interest. 






THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



HEINZ & MUNSCHAUER, 

Manufacturers <»•' Refrigerators, Water Coolers, Filters, Baths, Coal Hods„ 
Coal Vases, Bird Cages, Children's Sleighs, etc.— Corner Randall and 
Superior Sts. 

The large and handsome 
three and four-story factory 
illustrated herewith was built 
by its present occupants in 1884 
and is of brick throughout, 
fronting 102 feet on Superior 
street and 250 feet on liandall, 
with a convenient lumber yard, 
55 by 125 feet, lying on both 
sides of Randall street. The 
entire establishment is a hive of 
industry from basement to roof, 
employing 130 workmen in the 
various departments and a com- 
plete, novel and costly equip- 
ment of machinery, much of 
which was specially designed 
and constructed for these works. 
The productions of the firm cover a wide range, embracing complete lines of refrig- 
erators and ice-chests for hotel and domestic use, water-coolers of approved styles and 
improved construction, filters, baths, coal hods, coal vases, children's sleighs, and the 
finest, most tasteful and varied line of bird cages of all kinds, sizes, grades and prices 
manufactured by any establishment in the United States. 

This great manufacturing house was founded in 1865 by Messrs. Gesellgen, Heinz <fc 
Co., who established themselves in a small way on Mechanic street. The firm became 
Heinz, Fisher & Munschauer in 1868, and in 1873 removed to Hanover street, the style 
becoming Heinz, Pierce & Munschauer, Mr. Pierce retiring in 1878, since which time 
Messrs. Heinz & Munschauer have conducted the business without change of firm or 
other mutation save the erection of the new factory and a triplication of the volume of 
t heir transactions, reaching every city and town in the Eastern, Western and Northern 
States and the Canadas. 

Both members of the firm are interested as partners in the flourishing Niagara Stamp- 
ing and Tool Co., whose works are across the street. Mr. Heinz is a practical work- 
man in the goods made by the firm. He is a German by birth, and came to Buffalo in 
1850. Mr. Munschauer was born here, served in the Union navy in the war of the 
rebellion, and has been in his present line of business for the past nineteen years. 




FRANK L. GE ORGER, 

Wholesale and Retail Paints, Oils, Varnishes, Artists' Materials, Painters' 
Supplies and Pure Mixed Paints— No. 240 Washington St., Opposite 
Posl Office. 

The manufacture and use of paints of all kinds for exterior and interior use is 
steadily growing, and it is no longer customary, as formerly, for each member of the 
craft to mix and grind his pigments and oils, since he can save time and money by 
purchasing them ready for use, or nearly so, from those who make a business of this 
specialty. One of the most skillful and successful men in this branch of the trade is 
Mr Frank L. Georger, of No. 246 Washington street, opposite the post office, who, 
besides being a prosperous business man, is a pleasant and obliging gentleman. The 
trade will find it. to their advantage to call and inspect his large and valuable stock, 
which embraces everything required for house, steamboat and sign painting and for 
artists' use, including complete lines of Cornell's and Pittsburg white lead, Devoe's 
tinted leads, pure linseed oil, varnishes and shellacs, spirits turpentine, naphtha, gasoline, 
sperm, lard and lubricating oils, illuminating oil, dry colors, colors in oil and distemper, 
colors in japan, tube colors, glues, kalsomine, whiting, putty, window glass, polished 
plate jrlass, brushes, sandpaper, and painters and artists' supplies generally. Mr. 
Georger has been established for several years, and is making a fine reputation with 
the trade. 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



121 




McDonnell & sons, 

Quarry Owners and Manufacturers of Monumental Statuary and Artistic 
Memorials and Building' Work— Works and Quarries at Quincy, 31 ass. ; 
Branch Office and Yards, Nos. 858 and 860 Main St., Buffalo. 

One of the best examples ever pre- 
sented of what may be accomplished by 
pluck, industry and square methods is 
found in the career of the above firm. 
Patrick McDonnell, a wide-awake young 
Irishman, came to America at the age of 
17 with a sovereign in his pocket, found 
his way to the town of Quincy, Mass., and 
entered the service of Thomas Drake, 
stonecutter, as an apprentice. When his 
time was out he steadily wrought as a 
journeyman for his former master, until 
he had accumulated a small capital, when 
he purchased a partnership in the business 
and became in his turn an employer. A 
few years later he found himself sole proprietor of a flourishing granite works, and has 
had the satisfaction of seeing it expand into one of the most extensive, valuable and 
profitable plants of the kind in the United States. His two sons, Thomas H. and 
J. Q., he carefully trained to the same vocation, and at this time their quarries in all 
cover thirty acres of the best granite ground in Massachusetts, fifteen acres of which 
belong to the father and fifteen to the sons. Besides the quarries the equipment of 
steam engines, drills and other appropriate machinery for operating them is very com- 
plete and effective, and some of it, specially constructed for the use of the firm, quite 
costly, yet necessary, since McDonnell & Sons, in addition to their monument interests, 
do more in finished and building granite than any other Quincy house. One of their 
derricks alone is capable of removing a hundred-ton block at a single lift, and 30,000 
feet of lumber is annually consumed in boxing goods for shipment. Some 150 handa 
are employed, and it takes $6,000 a month to pay for labor at the quarries and yards. 
A strong force of blacksmiths is required to keep the tools in order. 

The very noticeable advance in public and private taste, developed during the past 
few years in Buffalo, induced the firm to open a branch office and works at Nos. 858 and 
860 Main street, in August of 1884, and it is safe to say that the venture has proved a 
successful one. The premises are 50 feet front by 100 feet deep, and are stocked with 
a splendid exhibit of fine monumental work, the office itself, with its beautiful and 
elaborate polished Quincy granite front, being the handsomest in the United States — a 
recognized work of art that attracts the attention of every passer-by and excites ad- 
miring comment from all. Our cut gives a fair notion of its appearance. 

Among the more conspicuous examples of McDonnell & Sons' work in this vicinity 
may be mentioned the magnificent canopy at Forest Lawn cemetery, which cost $20,000, 
the Michael monument, and others of greater or less note. 

The C. W. Mackey family monument at the Franklin (Pa.) cemetery is a superb 
work, completed last September. The Franklin News says of it : " This monument — 
the work of McDonnell & Sons — stands conspicuous among the elegant works in that 
beautiful spot, for the harmony of its proportions and the elegance of its workmanship. 
It is of Quincy granite, polished throughout above the bottom base, its surface having 
that perfect and flinty glaze which only Quincy granite takes on. The base is 6 feet 
feet square ; the die is 3 feet at its base and 3 feet 7 inches high, and is capped with an 
artistic design that greatly adds to the completeness of the work ; the solid shaft is 
about 15 feet in length, and the entire height of the monument to the pyramidal apex 
about 28 feet." 

The Seventy-seventh Regiment monument at Saratoga, the Shoemaker monument, 
Spring Grove cemetery, Cincinnati, and hundreds of other striking specimens of their 
handiwork on a large scale, might also be referred to did space permit. 

The house was established in 1857. The elder Mr. McDonnell has retired from 
active business, Mr. Thomas H. McDonnell directing operations at Quincy, while John 
Q. has charge of the Buffalo branch. A magnificent line of fine monuments and head- 
stones, from novel and original designs, are constantly kept in stock, and challenge the 
visitor's admiration. 
8 






THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO, 




BUFFALO'S LEADING CLOTHING ESTABLISHMENT. 
(See Opposite Page.) 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 123 

ALTMAN & CO., 



Manufacturers, Jobbers and Retailers of Men's, Boys' and Youths' Clothing 
and Furnishing Goods— Nos. 68, 70 and 72 Seneca St., Corner of Ellicott. 

This house, established in 1854, is the most extensive of the kind in Buffalo. It 
occupies an immense five-story building with basement, 72 feet front by 120 feet deep, 
employs 1,500 cutters, clerks, salesmen and operatives the year round, and transacts an 
annual business exceeding $1,000,000. The members of the firm are Isaac, Julius and 
Henry Altman and D. Rosenau. The Altman brothers were born in Rochester, came to 
Buffalo in 1857, and have devoted their entire lives, since leaving school, to this branch 
of trade. Mr. Rosenau is of German birth, emigrated to this city in 1859, and has ever 
since been engaged in the manufacture and sale of clothing. It will thus be seen that 
all of the partners are experienced and successful men, and when it is added that by 
dint of industry and enterprise they have extended their trade to every State and Ter- 
ritory, East, West and South, the reader will readily perceive that they possess ability 
and energy in no small degree. 

Messrs. Altman & Co. are heavy importers and jobbers of every description of 
cloths, cassimeres and tailors' trimmings, wholesale manufacturers and retailers of men's, 
boys' and youths' clothing suitable for all seasons and latitudes. They have extra- 
ordinary facilities in every department, having capable, wide-awake buyers in all the 
leading European and American markets who promptly avail themselves of every favor- 
able opportunity to purchase and forward the latest novelties as well as standard goods, 
which the house here is enabled to offer the trade at the earliest possible moment, 
either uncut or made up in latest styles. The stock of superior suitings, dress goods, 
trimmings, etc., is always kept very full and of the best selections, while the trade in 
ready-made clothing will find here everything desirable, from the finest to the coarsest, 
at the lowest possible prices and made in the best manner. 



B. F. GENTSCH & SONS, 

Manufacturers of French and German Mustards— Pickle Packers— Whole- 
sale Dealers in Cider, White Wine and Cider Vinegars, Chow Chow, 
Mixed Pickles, etc.— Nos. 329 and 331 Broadway, 232 and 234 Walnut St. 

Whether it be an evidence of refinement or a mere perversion of taste, it is, never- 
theless, a fact that the civilized palate craves stimulants in the form of condiments and 
acids, as is proven by the immense consumption of mustard, pepper, vinegar, etc., by 
the most advanced nations as compared with barbarous peoples. In any event, the 
average mortal has a hankering, more or less strong, for the things mentioned, and 
would seriously object to being deprived of them altogether ; consequently, the manu- 
facturer of vinegar, pickles, mustard, ketchup, and other sharpeners of the appetite, is 
in no immediate danger of bankruptcy and the almshouse, provided his goods are pure, 
sound and wholesome. 

The most prominent house in Buffalo devoted to this branch of industry is that of B. 
F. Gentsch & Sons, Nos. 329 and 331 Broadway and 232 and 234 Walnut street, founded 
in 1847 by C. R. Mennig. Mr. Gentsch, senior, purchased the plant, in connection with 
his brother, in 1859, and thus continued and enlarged its operations and facilities until 
January 1, 1885, when his two sons were admitted. Two buildings are required to 
accommodate the manufacturing, storage and shipping requirements — the one at Nos. 
329 and 331 Broadway being two stories in front and three in the rear, 52 feet front by 
100 feet deep ; the other, at Nos. 232 and 234 Walnut street, two stories in front and 
three stories in rear. 30 feet front by 112 feet deep. The equipment of machinery and 
appliances is complete in every department. Seven workmen and boys are employed, 
and the output averages in value $40,000 a year, embracing full lines of superior 
French and German mustards, pickles, cider, white wine and cider vinegar, chow chow, 
mixed pickles, and other varieties of appetizers and condiments, all of which are popu- 
lar with the trade and the public of Buffalo and vicinity. 

Mr. B. F. Gentsch was born in Saxony in 1835, and landed in Buffalo with a capital 
of $4 in 1854. Industry, economy and thrift did for him what they have done for 
many others, and he is a prosperous, genial and popular citizen. He was elected to the 
General Assembly in 1879, served creditably, and abandoned politics at the end of his 
term. He was a volunteer fireman, and is a member of the Exempts. The eldest son 
is 26, the youngest 23, and all are quiet, pushing young business men. 



124 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 









'-^ 



The merchant tailoring interest of Buffalo is on a plane with what might be looked 
for in a city that is rapidly assuming metropolitan proportions. Among the firms 
engaged in the business that have contributed toward elevating the tastes of the gentle- 
men of Buffalo to a proper appreciation of what constitutes the correct thing in wearing 
apparel, may be mentioned the firm of Laird & Co. Mr. S. E. Laird is an artist, as the 
term is applied to proper outfitting in the best styles of suitings. Having been engaged in 
the business since he was a boy, and prior to going into business on his own account 
having been associated with several of the best establishments in the country, it is not 
overdrawing the situation to say that he is thoroughly posted in the different branches 
of custom tailoring. To secure the best results in shapes requires a keen judgment as 
to effect. This is where so many would-be representatives of the merchant tailoring 
business are found deficient, because they adhere too much to the contour of the figure 
and lose sight of the important fact that "the apparel oft proclaims the man." Mr. 
Laird's business has developed to large proportions, running from $20,000 to $25,000 a 
year. His display of goods is always complete and comprises the finest importations. 
Prices are reasonable and perfect satisfaction is guaranteed in all cases. 



BLISS BROTHERS, 

Artistic Portrait and View Photographers— No. 368 3Iain St., Corner Eagle. 

Twenty-eight years ago H. L. Bliss established himself here in the business of 
photography, and in the course of time, by close application to his art in all its 
branches, made for himself a reputation wide as the continent. Last spring, full of 
years and honors, Mr. Bliss retired, leaving to his sons, A. C. and H. L. Bliss, the splen- 
did business he had created with their assistance and the task of conferring upon their 
names additional luster by achieving fresh triumphs in their chosen calling. That they 
will succeed admits of no question. Trained under the eye of a master, in the most 
exacting school of the art, these young men are fully capable of meeting every demand 
upon their practical skill and technical knowledge, and of prosecuting investigation 
and experiment and making new discoveries in the inexhaustible field of endeavor 
which it presents. 

Their gallery and operating rooms occupy the entire fourth floor of the handsome 
building No. 308 Main street, southwest corner of Eagle, splendidly lighted, elegantly 
fitted up, and provided with all the latest and best photographic apparatus and appli- 
ances for the making of portraits in the best and most life-like style. This, however, 
is the smallest portion of their business, their great specialty being the taking of views 
and landscapes and photographs of machinery and manufactured goods, in which they 
have do rivals. Some of their interior work — photographic views of leading business 
house interiors— are the very acme of perfection and beauty, notably the " Palace of 
Trade" interior, taken by electric light, with all the startling effects of that kind of 
illumination brought out with dazzling brilliancy. Their studio and gallery form a 
perfect exhibition of fine views, prominent among which are many of Buffalo's most 
noted buildings, the fine bridges of the Erie, New York Central, Lake Shore and 
other railroads. Their photographs of machinery of all kinds are also of the highest 
order. 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



125 




HAL L & S ONS, 

Manufacturers of Fire Brick and Pressed and Common Building Brick, 
and Dealers in Architectural Terra Cotta, Fire Clay, Kaolin, etc. — Office, 
Room 58 Chapin Block. 

The utilization of fire-clay has proved one 
of the most useful of discoveries, since from, 
its heat-resisting, element-defying properties, 
when properly prepared, it has made possible 
many mechanical and scientific processes that 
without its aid could never have been at- 
tempted, and not a few of the ordinary indus- 
trial appliances of our time — the crucible, the 
retort, fire-proof furnace lining, etc. — would 
have been unknown. It is not, therefore, too 
much to say, that fire-clay and its products 
are indispensable factors in tbe prosecution of 
those arts and industries that form the crown- 
ing glory of the nineteenth century. 
One of the most conspicuous houses in the world engaged in the mining and 
manipulation of fire clay is that of Hall & Sons, who, in 1881, succeeded to A. Hall & 
Sons, established at Perth Amboy, N. J., in 1846. Mr. Edward J. Hall is now at the 
head of the Buffalo business, with principal works at Black Rock and main office in 
room 58 Chapin block, this city, where he will be found during business hours, prepared 
to exhibit samples and take orders for the products of his establishment. 

The works at Black Rock embrace some four acres of land, upon which have been 
erected two commodious brick buildings respectively 50 by 180 and 50 by 120 feet in 
area, two extensive kilns, and a large shed for storage purposes. A complete plant of 
all requisite machinery also forms an important portion of the outfit, which is one of 
the most valuable of the kind in existence, employing about thirty men and putting on 
the market $50,000 worth of finished goods per annum, embracing every description, 
size, shape and grade of fire brick, and including all kinds of tile, retort settings, etc., 
for gas works; charcoal furnace linings and boshes; glassworks furnace brick ; stove 
brick, for 200 different stoves ; eighty sizes of square tile, from 4 inches to 4 feet in 
length; fifteen kinds of locomotive brick ; Strong's and Dodge's patent grate settings; 
all ordinary grate settings ; Johnson's patent furnace doors ; blocks for door arches and 
jambs ; fire brick grates ; feed pots,' etc., for burning wet tan bark ; lime kiln arches, piers 
and linings ; twelve-inch tile for bakers' ovens, etc., etc. All furnace bricks are pressed 
on the edges to secure uniform thickness. Blocks from twelve to twenty-four inches in 
length are made to order, as are odd shapes — a specialty of this house. With forty 
years' experience, unlimited supplies of best quality New Jersey and Pennsylvania fire- 
clay, and complete facilities, the firm can manufacture any desired shape in the best 
manner and at short notice. 

Hall & Sons are also agents for the renowned Perth Amboy terra cotta works at 
Perth Amboy, N. J., and are prepared to fill orders for every description of work in that 
line. Illustrated catalogues furnished on application. Fire-clay, fire mortar, ground 
brick, fire sand, kaolin, etc., furnished by the barrel, ton or cargo. 



MARS DEN D AVEY, 

Surveyor and Engineer-Room 1 1 Austin Building, Franklin cor. Eagle Sts. 
For more than twenty-one years Mr. Davey has been established here in his profes- 
sion, and has attained an eminence to which few can pretend. His first important 
work here was the surveying and laying out of Forest Lawn Cemetery at the instance 
of the trustees, by whom he was appointed engineer of that lovely city of the dead, a 
position which he held for a period of fourteen years. He next surveyed the driving 
park, and afterward the city park and State Asylum grounds, and has since done much 
local surveying for the city, for associations and for individuals. He was also chief 
engineer of the Buffalo Creek railroad for ten years, and has held the same position with 
the Street Railroad Company for fourteen years last past. He was also chief engineer 
for the Buffalo division of the Lehigh Valley railroad, and a member of the board of 
directors of the same road. It will thus be seen that Mr. Davey is a civil engineer 
of rare attainments and ability, and one whose services are in request in works where 
a high order of skill is indispensable. He is prepared to attend calls at home or from 
a distance, and to render satisfaction in every instance. 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



THE PITTS AGRICULTURAL WORKS. 

>i \. Brayley, President; Carleton Spragne, Vice-President; Thomas Sully, 
Secretarj and Treasnrer Mannfactnrers of Bnffalo Pitts Threshing Ma- 
chinery, Portable, Traction and Straw-Bnrning Engines, etc.— Estab- 
lish, tl 1851; Incorporated 1H77. 

Of all the industries, past and present, that have combined to render the "Queen 
City of tlic Lakes" famous throughout Christendom, probably no single one has con- 
tributed p. > much to thai result as the Pitts Agricultural Works. Established on a 
small scale in 1851— thirty-six years ago— by John A. Pitts, the inventor of the apron 
thresher, which then and for many years after was operated by horse-power exclusively, 
these works have developed gradually, but certainly, advanced in facilities and volume 
of products, as well as in improvements on their threshers and the devising of means for 
tin- application of steam power as a motor for agricultural machinery, until they 
now occupy a hading position and stand a head and shoulders above all competitors. 

Mr. John A. Pitts died July 1, 1859, and was succeeded by his son, Mr. John B. Pitts, 
and his son-in-law, Mr. .lames Brayley, under the style of Brayley & Pitts. These gen- 
tlemen conducted the works with marked success, extending their trade, enlarging their 
plant and adding improvements to their machines, until 1877, when the concern was 
incorporated as the Pitts Agricultural Works; capital, $300,000. The new company 
at once started out upon a career of brilliant triumphs that rapidly spread its repu- 
tation ahroad, and was already introducing its machinery in foreign lands, when, in 
July, 1879, the entire establishment, with all of its valuable plant of machinery, pat- 
terns, tools and appurtenances, was burned to the ground. 

Almost before the ruins had begun to cool the work of reconstruction began, 
and in an astonishingly brief space of time the works were rebuilt, better than 
ever and more perfectly equipped for the prosecution of operations in all departments, 
so that on February 1, 1880, they were in full operation again. As they now stand they 
cover four acres of ground and include one of the most extensive plants, embracing 
foundry, blacksmith, machine, wood-working, engine and paint shops, controlled by 
any similar company in the country. It would be difficult to state the full capacity of 
the works or the value of their annual output. Suffice it to say that, in addition to the 
vast plant of improved machinery, they furnish steady employment for over 300 
mechanics of various kinds, and have turned out, in a single year, 800 threshers and 300 
engines, which were shipped to dealers and farmers upon orders. The trade of the 
house extends wherever the march of improvement has invaded or progress has planted 
its banner, and the Pitts engine and thresher are heard all over the United States, in 
South America, in Australia, in Mexico, in Italy, Spain and Africa. Especially are they 
popular among the boundless wheat fields of the Northwest — in Dakota, Washington 
Territory, Oregon and California. Oliver Dalrymple, the renowned Dakota wheat- 
grower, owns and operates some forty-two of the Pitts threshers, and his estimate of 
them is contained in a note to the manufacturers of January 13, 1886, in which he says : 
"The ten large California threshers that I purchased from you this season, as well as 
the threshing engines, did good work and gave me satisfaction." 

The Pitts Agricultural Works build a variety of traction engines of the highest 
grade. They also build several patterns of portable and semi-portable engines for 
la i in work, light saw and grist milling, etc. In all of these engines the leading idea has 
been economy of fuel and space, combined with great power, and it would appear that 
the problem has been satisfactorily solved. These engines are constructed as desired to 
burn coal, wood or straw, or coal and wood, wood and straw, or all together, by simply 
ing grates. They generate steam rapidly, furnish all the power required, and are 
cheap, strong and handsome. 
We have not space here for a detailed description of either the engines or the thresh- 
ers manufactured by this company We may safely say, however, that they are unap- 
proachable for simplicity, durability, neatness, capacity for good work, and cheapness. 
Large farmers and the trade should send to the company here for illustrated catalogues 
containing full information concerning these wonderfully effective and successful 
machines, which an- doing so much to develop the new Northwest and the vast grain 
regions of this ami other continents. 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



127 



LAKE VIEW BREWING COMPANY. 



George Saudrock, President: John Bachert, Vice-President; Henry W. 
Brendel, Secretary ; Timothy J. Mahoney. Treasurer— Brewers of Spark- 
ling, Delicious, Healthy Lager Beer— Lake View and Porter Aves. 

Tli1tf""'"~"" The above-named 

great brewing and 
malting company 
was chartered un- 
der the laws of 
New York June 24, 
1885, and is, conse- 

.,_. & ''^4f^^^^S^r^~-^^^ ft^^ - Msi^i" i*^ ' quentiy, now in tne 

: second year of a re- 
markably success- 
ful career. The 
authorized capital 
is $150,0 00, in 
shares of fifty dol- 
lars each, and the 
board of directors 
is composed of 
Messrs. George 
Sandrock, Alois 
Schaefer, Henry 
W. Brendel, Tim- 
othy J. Mahoney, 
John Basher, James Boland, William Drennen, George Irr and Frank C. Longnecker. 
The officers are named above. 

The Lake View Brewing Company's plant, illustrated herewith, is a very valuable 
one, embracing, with malt-house, brewery, yards, etc., three-quarters of an acre of 
ground, desirably located, convenient to the canals, and commanding a superb view of 
lake, river and Canada shore. The malt-house is three and a-kalf stories in height, the 
brewery two and a-half stories, with immense cellars, and all of the handsomest and 
most substantial description, erected expresssly for the purpose from the designs and 
plans of a competent architect, arid fir^t occupied by the original proprietor, Alois 
Schaefer, in October, 1881. The capacity of the establishment is 20,000 barrels per 
annum, the leading specialty being their own celebrated " Sparkling Lager." Twenty 
men are regularly employed, $200 per week is disbursed in wages, and the value of the 
annual output is stated at $150,000, all of which is eagerly sought by and sold to local 
dealers and the trade of Northern and Western New York and Pennsylvania. 

The personnel of the company is of the best, all active and responsible business men. 




GEORGE ELSHEIMER, 

The Modern Sign Painter— Signs, Store Shades, Banners, Show Cards, Flags- 
No. 360 3Iain St. 

In none of the useful arts has there been greater progress of late years than in sign 
painting, which is no longer a mere mechanical trade but has advanced to the rank of 
an art. One of the most accomplished and progressive designers and painters of artistic 
signs with whom we have ever come in contact is Mr. George Elsheimer, whose studio 
and workshop are located at No. 360 Main street, Kremlin block. His handiwork may be 
seen all over the city, and stamps him a master of his calling. Signs, of course, are his 
leading specialty, but he gives strict attention to all orders in his line, embracing 
banners, flags, store shades, show cards, and every description of fine lettering and color 
work. He is very popular with the mercantile community particularly, and his services 
in constant request by those who require the best possible work. His orders are chiefly 
from the Buffalo public, but he does many fine and tasteful jobs for parties at a 
distance, his fame having extended throughout this entire region. 

Mr. E. is a native of this city, has had fifteen years' experience, and is thoroughly 
up in sign and decorative painting. Those who secure his services can rely upon first- 
class work and no shirking of details. 






THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



AMERICAN PALACE STEAM LAUNDRY. 

/ 




SKINNER & GODFREY, Proprietors. (See opposite page.) 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 129 

AMERICAN PALACE STEAM LAUNDRY. 





H. J. Skinner and L. W. Godfrey, the Wonderful New Process Steam Lauii- 
derers— Works, Nos. 238 to 254 Fargo Ave. ; General Office, No. 306 
Main St. 

If there is a more extensive laundry in 
existence than the American Palace of Buf- 
falo, the writer of this, with a wide experi- 
ence and accurate knowledge of leading 
cities, has failed to discover it ; at any rate 
there is not one more prosperous, famous, or 
more deservedly popular. It was estab- 
lished in 1882 by its present proprietors, 
Messrs. Skinner & Godfrey, who had for 
some five years owned and operated the 
American Steam Laundry of Bradford, Pa. — an institution which they continue to con- 
duct on the same liberal principles that, distinguish their management of the principal 
establishment here, and which at this time requires a fine two-story brick building 132 
feet front and 200 feet deep for its accommodation. Besides nearly 100 skilled opera- 
tives, a valuable plant of novel and improved special machinery — invented and patented 
by the members of the firm — vastly increases the capacity of the works for doing large 
quantities of laundry work of every description at the shortest notice and in the best 
possible style, without injury to fabrics or loss of goods — an exasperating incident of 
patronizing some laundries conducted on the slam-bang, slipshod, hit-or-miss plan of 
guesswork and irresponsibility. Among the machinery upon which the firm pride 
themselves may be mentioned seven washers of their own invention, each designed for 
a distinct class of work, and which, they perform perfectly, and known as the" New 
Process," " Wheel Washer" and " Stem- Winder," besides four others of standard make 
and approved model, together with a variety of ironing, starching, collar-and-cuff-turn- 
ing and dampening machines. A neat, twenty-five-horse-power engine operates all of 
these and some other machines and an elevator for conveying operatives and work 
between the floors. The mechanical appliances alone are valued at $20,000. In point 
of fact, the purifying, starching and ironing of linen has by this firm been reduced to a 
science, both as regards dispatch and perfection, and they find their reward in the 
immense patronage bestowed upon them by the hotels, sleeping-car, dining-car and 
steamboat companies and thousands of private families of Buffalo and surrounding 
cities and towns within a radius of 100 miles. As an indication of their local patron- 
age it may be stated here that they require two telephones — 732 A and 732 — and seven 
delivery wagons for the accommodation of city customers alone. While they give 
careful attention to every description of laundry work, their specialties are fine shirts, 
collars, cuffs lace curtains and fluting. The firm do an average business of $75,000 a 
year, and are constantly increasing it. 

Mr. Skinner is a native of Attica, N. Y., born in 1831. He has served nine years as 
first and second lieutenant of the 61st and 67th N. G. S. N. Y., going to Gettysburg in 
1863 with his regiment, but arriving too late to participate in the perils and glory of 
that historic field. He still exhibits with some pardonable pride commissions signed by 
Washington Hunt and E. D. Morgan. He also served two years in the Dunkirk City 
Council. From 1872 to 1876 he engaged in railroad building in Texas, where he was 
very successful until overtaken by disease and disaster. He is a Mason, Odd Fellow 
and Son of Temperance. 

Mr. Godfrey was born in 1339, in Wyoming county. He entered the service of the 
Erie as an engine-wiper, rose to the rank of conductor, served eleven years in that 
canacity on that road and one year on the Union Pacific. He then built the first shut- 
tered house in Saunders county, Nebraska, farmed there for fours years, then came to 
Bradford, Pa., and joined Mr. Skinner in the laundry business. He is an Odd Fellow. 

The citizens of Buffalo and strangers within the city's gates may be fairly congratu- 
lated upon having in the American Palace Steam Laundry such ample and excellent 
facilities for procuring the best possible work in that line. Guests of hotels, families 
in the city and suburbs, and all others who appreciate the luxury of clean and well- 
prepared linen, either for wear or for their beds, the workmanlike and skillful laundry - 
ing of laces of every description, promptitude, neatness and moderate charges, will 
find it to their interest in all ways to patronize Messrs. Skinner & Godfrey. 






THE INDUSTRIES OF I3UFFJI". 



TROY LAUNDRY. 

Mrs. Kate Fogarty, Proprietress— Hand Work Exclusively— Noa :i<> and 3S 
East Eagle St., Near Washington. 

The success achieved by 
the energetic, thoroughgoing 
proprietress of the above- 
named popular laundry shows 
what may be accomplished 
by a wide-awake woman 
when she is in earnest. Mrs. 
Fogarty came to this country 
from Stockport, I-ancashire, 
England, when but five years 
old. Her parents, poor, but 
industrious and respectable 
people, were unable to pro- 
vide for their daughter fur- 
ther than to give her a plain 
common school education and 
a good example, and while 
still quite young she sought 
and obtained employment in 
one of Troy's great laundries, 
where she soon became noted 
for intelligence and capacity, 
and was elected President of the Troy Collar Laundry- Union, which office she retained 
for five years, taking an active part in the strike of 1874. She then came to Buffalo, 
where she has remained ever since, attending strictly to her business, and gradually 
gaining the confidence and patronage of the public, and particularly of that class who 
recognize and appreciate first-class laundry work. 

At present Mrs. Fogarty occupies the entire three-story building, 46 by 60 feet, Nos. 
36 and 38 East Eagle street, between Washington and Ellicott streets, where Bhe 
employs some twenty-seven skillful laundresses, pays the best wages in the city for 
that kind of work, and does an annual business of nearly $20,000. No machinery 
whatever is used in the establishment, and consequently garments are done up in 
superior style and without injury-. The specialty, of course, to which greatest atten- 
tion is given, is the laundrying of gentlemen's shirts, collars and cuffs, both for the 
trade and for individual customers, though every description of men's washing is done 
to order in the best manner and at short notice. 

The Troy Laundry was established by Misses Malony (now Mrs. Fogarty) and Carll 
in 1871, the former succeeding in 1875. Mrs. Fogarty has made the reputation of the 
laundry, and well deserves the prosperity that has attended her efforts. 




WILLIAM SCOTT, 



Florist and Plant-Grower— Plants, Cut Flowers, Bulbs and Florists' Supplies 
Decorations for Weddings, Parties, etc., a Specialty — Green-houses 
Corner Main and Balcom Sts. ; Store, No. 498 Main St. 

The love of flowers is almost universal — an instinct implanted by an all-wise 
Creator for the softening of our hearts and the opening of our spiritual eyes to the 
beauties of the world He has given us for a temporal habitation. Flowers are the very 
poetry of nature — the language whereby our tenderest sentiments are most fittingly 
expressed ; hence no wedding or obsequies — those occasions which call out our deepest 
emotions, of joy on the one hand, of grief on the other, — is complete without them. 
The cultivation of flowers is one of the most delightful of employments, and he who 
engages in it confers upon others, whose avocations prevent their doing so, much of the 
pleasure which he himself enjoys. 

We are led into these reflections upon recurring to a recent visit and stroll through 
tin superb flower-gardens and conservatories of Mr. William Scott, at Main and 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



131 



Balcom streets. The grounds embrace an acre and a half, one-half of which is covered 
with tasteful one-story buildings, roofed with glass, and provided with every necessary 
appliance, including apparatus for heating by steam during the cold months. The 
whole place is a bower of beauty — the outdoor garden a wilderness of bloom and 
greenery, while the conservatory and hot-houses present a veritable scene from the 
" Arabian Nights" — a treasure-house of rare, curious and gorgeous tropical and semi- 
tropical plants and blossoms. It would be difficult to name any ornamental member of 
the vegetable kingdom worthy of a place and capable of cultivation in garden or 
conservatory that may not be found here. 

Mr. Scott's tastefully-arranged and popular floral bazar at No. 498 Main street is 
Buffalo headquarters for cut flowers, floral designs of every description and for all 
occasions, where at all times will be found ample supplies of flowering and ornamental 
plants for parlor, window and terrace. 

Mr. Scott came from Hampshire, England, to Buffalo in 1870, at the age of 26. 
Born and bred in one of the largest and most carefully-kept gardens in the South of 
England, with an inherited love for flowers, he naturally turned his attention to the 
calling in which he has accomplished so much. Without capital or influential friends 
he went to work, with the result we have seen. His garden and improvements are 
easily worth $20,000, and he sells annually-increasing quantities of flowers, shrubs, 
bulbs, florists' supplies, etc., his business for last year reaching $11,000. 



CHARLES RICHARDSON, 



Wholesale Fruits and Produce Commission— Nos. 58 and 60 West Market 

St.— Established 1876. 

The splendid establishment and flourishing 
business of Mr. Charles Richardson, Nos. 58 and 
60 West Market street, are a fitting monument to 
his energy, industry, strict attention to the wants 
of the public and upright dealing. Mr. Richard- 
son, a native of Birmingham, England, has resided 
here nearly or quite twenty years, fourteen of 
which have been devoted to building up, from a 
small beginning in Washington market, the most 
extensive wholesale fruit and produce house in 
the city. His example is well worthy of emulation 
by the thousands of listless and shiftless young 
men who complain of chronic penury and lack 
of employment, and who might — however, they 
wouldn't take advice if we were never so generous 
with it. 

As intimated, Mr. Richardson's business is 
the most extensive of the kind in Buffalo, 
aggregating over $200,000 for the past year and 
still growing. He commenced a few doors from 
his present location in 1876, two years later occu- 
pying No. 58 West Market street. Enlarging his 
operations as his trade increased, he afterward 
took No. 60 adjoining, and now requires the full 
capacity of the two stores, which together make a frontage of about 50 feet by 100 feet 
deep. His facilities for the receipt and handling of all kinds of fruits and produce 
generally are unsurpassed. He is by far the largest receiver in the fruit and produce 
business here, and seems to have the faculty of disposing of vast quantities. He em- 
ploys good men, and runs his business with thorough system. Each and every 
salesman seems fully to understand his position or branch of the business. Mr. R. 
handles largely in car lots foreign and domestic fruits and vegetables in their season, 
and is- also a large receiver of eggs, butter, game and poultry, this department being 
handled exclusively by itself and by one salesman. 

Mr. Richardson employs from ten to twelve men the season through, and has an 
excellent trade both local and with adjoining towns. Well known in his line of busi- 
ness, east, west, north and south, he enjoys an excellent reputation and is worthy of all 
respect as a thorough practical business man. 







TllK INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



W. H. SMITH & CO., 




Proprietors Cutler's Patent Pocket Inhaler ami Carbolate of Iodine Inhal- 
ant, for Catarrh, Bronchitis, Asthma, Hoarseness and All Diseases of the 
Throat and Lungs— No. 410 Michigan St. 

Diseases of the lungs, 
throat and air passages 
are so common among 
Americans as to have 
long ceased to he a mat- 
ter of wonder, and it is a 
rare circumstance, more 
especially in this lati- 
tude, to find a man or 
woman unaffected by 
any of these complaints. 
Two or three hundred 
years of constant failure 
to cure this class of 
troubles hy loading the stomach with nasty compounds, cod liver oil and tar, finally 
led to experiments with treatment by inhalations, the natural and rational method of 
reaching the afflicted organs, and further research developed the fact that all infectious 
diseases are spread by parasites (bacteria) so minute as for a long time to have escaped 
detection even by the microscope. Putting these facts together, Mr. W. H. Cutler, a 
well-known Buffalo lawyer, set himself to the task of finding the best remedy for the 
diseases referred to, and the best preventive of contagion, and later to devising the 
best, surest and most convenient means of administering the medicine. The results we 
have in Cutler's Carbolate of Iodine Inhalant and Cutler's Pocket Inhaler, manufac- 
tured by Messrs. W. H. Smith & Co., No. 410 Michigan street, Buffalo. 

Full instructions are given to show the manner of charging the inhaler, full direc- 
tions accompanying each instrument. 

It is confidently claimed — and the claim is substantiated by the indorsement of 
many eminent physicians as well as thousands of testimonials from those who have 
been relieved and cured — that carbolate of iodine, as administered through Cutler's 
pocket inhaler, will positively cure any curable case of catarrh, bronchitis, hay fever, 
sore throat and hoarseness, asthma, and bad breath produced by those causes, and will 
invariably prevent the transmission of infectious diseases, such as small-pox. yellow 
fever, cholera, etc. Of those who have publicly testified to these facts and the incal- 
culable value of Mr. Cutler's invention, we are permitted to mention Dr. W. Kempster, 
physician and surgeon to the State lunatic asylum at Auburn ; Dr. R. H. Bakewell, health 
olliccr of Trinidad; W. D. Blain, M. D., Chicago; Lafayette Bingham, M. D., Corning, 
N. Y.; Dr. William R. Ford, deceased, Albany, N. Y. ; William F. Channing, M. D., 
Providence, R. I.; A. F. Worthington & Co., druggists, Cincinnati, O. ; Dr. Andrew 
Nest, New Albany, Ind. ; Dr. J. A. Nattrass, Springfield, Mo. ; Dr. J. R. McCarty, 
Ridgeway, Ont., and hundreds of other prominent people at a distance, besides such 
conspicuous Buffalonians as Dr. George Hadley, late professor of chemistry and 
pharmacy in the University of Buffalo ; H. T. Appleby, pharmaceutist and chemist ; 
Dr. I,. P. Dayton, Hon. Nelson K. Hopkins, Hon. D. N. Lockwood, Rev. Dr. H. Muller, 
Mrs. S. M. Paddock, W. L. Q. Smith, deceased; F. Kendall, and many others. After 
careful examination of Cutler's inhaler, Prof. Hadley wrote : 

The material of which it is constructed, viz., filtering paper, which is pure vegetable 
fibre, readily absorbs all liquids, and is at the same time least affected by chemical 
re-agents of all organic substances. It is especially more enduring and unchangeable 
than nitrogenous bodies of animal origin, such as hair, wool, silk, sponge, etc. 

1st. The paper tubes insure in every instrument the same definite and constant 
supply of air, which no accident can cither lessen or cut off. No filling with loose 
etc., can possibly secure the same supply of air in different instruments, 
or even in the Ham.' instrument, when the fluid it contains varies in quantity. 

2d. With a given liquid, the temperature remaining constant, the quantity of vapor 
exhaled is exactly proportioned to the surface presented to the air; every instrument 
will therefore yield the same amount of vapor, when charged with the same volatile body. 
3d. If necessary for substances of different volatility or medicinal activity, the 
proportion of vapor may be regulated by changing the length of the bundle of tubes, 
or by varying the diameter of the tubelets. 

Itli. In my opinion, medicines for inhalation should not be mixed for purposes of 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



133 



dilution with inert substances of different volatility from themselves, for the reason 
that the amount of vapor evolved from such mixture will vary with the progress of 
the inhalation, in an increasing or diminishing ratio, according to the volatility of the 
diluent; whereas, if but a single substance, with a constant boiling point, and conse- 
quently uniform rate of evaporation, is employed, as long as the paper tubes are 
tolerably well saturated, the evaporation will take place at an equal rate during 
the whole progress of inhalation. 

On the whole, this inhaler seems to me to accomplish its purposes by novel, yet by 
the most simple and effectual means, to be philosophical in conception, and well carried 
out in the execution. George Hadley. 

It supersedes all other inhaling tubes and contrivances. It is equally adapted to the 
mouth and the nostrils. No steam required — no blowing necessary. The great obstacle 
to successful treatment by inhalants, that the bottles and apparatus are complicated and 
inconvenient, is by this curious little instrument entirely overcome. Made of deodor- 
ized hard rubber, it may be carried in the pocket as handily as a pen-knife or a button- 
hook. No danger of breaking or spilling; always ready, and may be used with the 
same ease and facility as a cigarette, or a lady's smelling bottle. 

The superior advantages claimed for it are : 

1st. Its cheapness, simplicity and durability. 

2d. It admits of the use of all volatile fluids, even the most concentrated. 

3d. It has a certain and unchanging area of exhaling surface. 

4th. A definite supply of air which is in no danger of being varied. 

5th. It insures an equal rate of evaporation during inhalation. 

6th. It is as efficient in the hands of a novice as the adept — a child may use it. 



DE LANEY FORGE AND IRON COMPANY. 



A. De Laney, John Slote, James Howard — Manufacturers of Light and 
Heavy Forgings, Car Axles and Hammered Shapes of Every Description 
from Wrought Iron or Siemens-Martin Steel — No. 300 Perry St. 




Established in 1850 — thirty -six years ago — the De Laney Forge and Iron Company is 
still in the front rank of Buffalo's industrial enterprises, a mammoth manufacturing con- 
cern, with few peers on the continent, either in extent, variety or excellence of its peculiar 
products. These embrace many specialties, among them forged and finished iron and 
steel work, marine and stationary engines, railroad engines and car forgings, Siemens- 
Martin and Bessemer steel forgings, oil engine cranks, oil tool forgings, and the best 
quality of hammered car axles. A detailed description of these great works would 
perhaps weary the reader, but we cannot forbear passing mention of the fact that the 
equipment of machinery is vast and complete, embracing everything desirable, from 
the smallest drill up to the tremendous steam hammers, and one immense lathe, seventy 
feet long, capable of finishing the largest and heaviest shafts. 

The De Laney Forge and Iron Works are constantly under the personal supervision 
of practical men, and nothing is permitted to leave the establishment until thoroughly 
tested and approved. The shipping facilities, both by rail and water, are excellent. 



134 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



JOHN ERNEWE1N, 

.M.iniilaciiirer of Center Tables in All Styles— Nos. 223, 225 and 227 Mor- 
timer St., corner Matthews. 

This now prosperous con- 
cern was established by Erne- 
wein & Hitter in 1879, Mr. 
Kitter dying the same year. 
The factory occupies a com- 
modious three-stoTy brick 
building, 40 by 75 feet, to 
which is attached a con- 
venient two-story ware- 
house, 23 by 40 feet, and 
yards 88 by 125 feet, where 
ample stocks of fine lumber 
are stored and seasoned. 
Some forty workmen find 
steady employment in the 
shops, and, with the assist- 
ance of a fine plant of late 
improved machinery, turn 
out about $50,000 worth of 
goods per annum, for which 
a ready market is found all 
over the United States. 

The house makes a spe- 
cialty of the manufacture 
of fine and medium 
marble-top and plain center- 
tables from original designs, 
many of which are exceed- 
ingly rich and attractive. 
None but the best selected 
material is used, and the 
workmanship and finish of 
all these goods is equal to 
any we have ever seen, 
while the prices are remark- 
ably low for this grade of 
work. 

Mr. Ernewein was born 
at Eden, this county, com- 
ing to Buffalo nearly thirty- 
four years ago. He has 
been in the cabinet-making business since his fifteenth year, and has a thorough 
practical knowledge of all its details. Himself an industrious, enterprising man, who 
enjoys the confidence of all who know him, he has the active aid of three fine sons 
in his establishment, one of whom, John H., jr., has charge of the machinery depart- 
ment, a most capable man for the place. Mr. E.'s trade grows steadily year by year, in 
territory and volume, and his prospects are excellent indeed, his goods being popular 
Wherever introduced. 




J. G. HAFRrVS SONS, 

Importing Tailors— No. 14 West Eagle St. 

Among the merchant tailors who left an enduring reputation for the superiority of 
the work turned out in this city, was the late J. Q. Haffa, whose death occurred during 
the past year. He was among the pioneers in the business, and established a reputa- 
tion that will undoubtedly be handed down through his sons for years to come. The 
elder Mr. Haffa took a deep pride in being proficient in his calling, and counted among 
his intimate friends the leading citizens of Buffalo. He was, for a number of years, 
located at No. 325 Washington street. On March 1, 1886, his sons, George J. and Elias, 
formed a partnership, the style of the new firm assumed being J. Q. Haifa's Sons, for 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



135 



two years previous to which Mr. Q. J. Haifa was with his father as partner. They 
removed to the present location, No. 14 West Eagle street, at that time, and fitted up 
what is probably the finest establishment of the kind between New York and Chicago. 
Both gentlemen have had the benefit of a thorough practical training in the busi- 
ness, under the senior Mr. Haffa. They also studied the fine points of the business 
during a period spent in New York city especially for that purpose, under one of the 
leading metropolitan artists. Being thus successfully qualified for the profession, they 
6tarted in under the most favorable auspices in this city. Their establishment is stocked 
with a splendid assortment of the finest imported woolens, and it goes without saying 
that their work is artistic in the strict sense of the word. Both the Messrs. Haffa are 
courteous, painstaking gentlemen, and their success is assured. 



METZ, BARK & MEYER, 



Successors to Weller, Brown & Mesmer— Manufacturers of Interior Hard- 
wood Finish and Fine Furniture— Office and Factory, Nos. 292 to 308 
Elm St. 




This is one of those old- 
established industries, rightly 
regarded as pioneers, which 
aided in laying broad and 
deep the foundations of Buf- 
falo's present greatness. It 
was founded in 18 36 by 
Messrs. Hersee and Zimmer- 
man, passing through various 
hands until 1884, when the 
present firm took possession. 
Mr. Metz is a native of 
Buffalo, born in 1839, and has 
always resided here. He is 
an enterprising, thorough- 
going, devoted business man, 
who has never worried his 
brains over public display or office. He looks after the finances and commercial 
concerns of the house. 

Mr. Bark was born in Sweden in 1851. He is a graduate of the Berlin high school, 
architectural department; emigrated to Buffalo in 1867, and entered the employ of 
Weller, Brown & Mesmer, under Mr. Meyer, then superintendent, as designer, in which 
work he soon distinguished himself, becoming first a stockholder, and later (in 1880), 
a member of the firm. He has made artistic designing as applied to the mechanic arts 
his life study, and probably there does not exist a more thorough master of his art, 
besides which he is a superior business man. 

Mr. Meyer emigrated to Buffalo from Hanover, Germany, in 1866. Already a finished 
mechanic, he for several years devoted his time to mastering the methods in vogue 
among American artisans. For eight months in 1870 he labored as a journeyman for 
Weller, Brown & Mesmer, when, in recognition of his superior executive capacity, 
knowledge and skill, he was made superintendent of the works. Ten years later, in 
1880, he also, with Mr. Bark, was taken into the firm as a partner, retaining his interest 
on the accession of the present house. 

Metz, Bark & Meyer are renowned all over this country, and even in Europe, Mexico 
and South America, for the beauty, appropriateness, elegance, originality and finish of 
their interior hardwood decorations and general work, than which nothing finer or more 
sumptuous is produced anywhere ; nor, indeed, does the house recognize many equals 
in this specialty, particularly in the ornamentation of churches, masonic and other 
halls, hotels, banks, private residences, palace and dining-cars and elsewhere, demand- 
ing the exercise of trained artistic taste combined with a high degree of mechanical 
merit. 

The works are illustrated above. They cover a space of 180 by 180 feet in area, with 
handsome and substantial three and four-story buildings. The equipment of modern 
machinery is complete and costly, much of it built expressly for the firm. From 160 
to 180 skilled mechanics are employed, and last year's output exceeded $250,000 in 
value — a figure which will be largely increased from year to year. 






THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



W1LLIAMSVILLE QUICK LIME CO., 



Dealers In Quid! Lime, Cement, Stucco, etc.— Sole Proprietors of the Cele- 
ated Scoung's and loyelsonger's Quarries— Office, Cor. Broadway and 

I im >t. 

Buffalo is noted for the superiority of the lime-stone products which are manu- 
factared in the immediate vicinity. As a distributing point for quick-lime, cement, 
etc., she is unsurpassed ; the volume of material is large, and among the 
important items that go to swell the rapidly-increasing returns each year. The leading 
establishment in the business is the Williamsville Quick-Lime Co. It is composed of W. 
songei & Son and J. S. and F. H. Youngs. It was organized in 1871, and the office 
and warehouses at the corner of Elm street and Broadway are very extensive. At 
Williamsville, a very old suburb of tbe city, ten miles distant, the company owns and 
operates a valuable body of quarry land to the extent of twenty acres. Six kilns are 
almost constantly in full blast, and the product in quick lime and cut and building 
st i in. ■ is distributed throughout the western part of the State and Pennsylvania. The 
annual business of the company amounts to $90,000, and the number of employes is 
thirty-five. 

Of the members of the firm, Mr. W. Fogelsonger is a native of the Keystone State, 
but has resided in Erie county since the days of the early pioneers. His son Henry is 
a native of this county, and has resided in Buffalo during the past eleven years. Mr. J. 
S. Youngs is a native of Erie county, and has resided in Buffalo since 1872. He is a 
civil engineer, and served a term as city engineer during 1880-81. At present he is 
sanitary engineer of the city, and also chief engineer of the Buffalo &' Williamsville 
railroad. Mr. P. H. Youngs resides at the works, and is engaged in farming The 
elder J. B. Youngs, father of the present member of the firm, was one of the oldest 
and best-known citizens of Erie county. He was born in what is now the town of 
Lancaster, June 26, 1812, and always resided in this county. His occupation was that 
of a farmer and manufacturer of lime. He was a great friend of workingmen, and 
took a deep interest in the welfare of the poor. Politically Mr. Youngs was always an 
active and consistent Republican. Among other offices held by him was that of 
Assemblyman and Supervisor. He was also one of the members of the original Board 
of Commissioners for the erection of the City and County Hall. His death occurred 
May 30, 1886, lamented by a wide circle of friends. 



TIFFT FURNITURE CO., 

Manufacturers and Dealers in Fine and Medium Furniture of All Kinds— 
Nos. 477 and 479 Washington St. 

The furniture trade of Buffalo is very extensive, permeating not only the northern 
and western half of New York, but even penetrating to many of the Western and 
Southern States. Prominent among the furniture manufacturers of this city, and, in 
fact, one of its leading establishments, is the renowned Tifft Furniture Company, 
founded in 1871 by the late Geo. W. Tifft, who also originated the famous firm of Geo. 
W. Tifft, Sons & Co., whose steam engine and boiler works is still one of Buffalo's most 
noted and prosperous concerns, and is conducted by the same firm composing the Tifft 
Furniture Company, the individual members of which are Mr. C. L. Whiting, Mrs. 
M. A. Plimpton and Mrs. S. A. Gay. Mr. George D. Plimpton has the management of 
the furniture house, while Mr. Whiting directs the affairs of the boiler and machine 
works, tin- latter named industry being described in another part of this work. 

Tin' Tifft Furniture Company occupy a fine five-story building, Nos. 477 and 479 
Washington street, corner of Mohawk, 32 feet front by 115 feet deep. The firm's 
goods embrace a long line of household furniture for parlor, dining-room, bed-room 
and ball, in all grades for which there is any considerable demand, and suitable for all 
classes and conditions of people, from the humble laborer to the merchant prince. 

In furniture styles are ever changing, so that what is most popular and costly this 
year may be r. It-gated to the garret next, to make way for the newest fashion in form 
or material. Just now the craze is for richly stained cherry and antique oak, which 
so m.- years ago gave place to chestnut, ash, oak and walnut. In these beautiful mate- 
rials the Till"! Furniture Company presents many novel and attractive original designs, 
and an- having a great run upon their best patterns in every line. 

Old-established, reliable and fully up with the times, this is a house that deserves 
well at the hands of the trade and of consumers. 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



137 




'zstfS**^ ■*■-"* 



CLARK'S BUSINESS COLLEGE. 

U. Johnson, President and Proprietor — Coal and Iron Exchange, Wash- 
ington St., between Seneca and Swan. 

Among the best business schools of this 
kind that have ever come under our observa- 
tion is Clark's Business College, which occu- 
pies one entire upper floor of the Coal and 
Iron Exchange building, Washington street, 
adjoining the postoffice. Above we present a 
view of the Exchange, one of the handsomest, 
largest and most massive buildings in Buffalo. 
Mr. C. U. Johnson is president, while Mr. 
John C. Ryan is secretary. The course of 
study, from which all mere ornaments have 
been eliminated, is of the most practical kind, 
embracing penmanship, double entry book- 
keeping, commercial arithmetic, actual busi- 
ness practice, rapid calculations, commercial 
law, business correspondence, the drawing of 
every description of commercial papers, or- 
thography, etc. A common school education 
is all the preparation needed. Each student 
receives separate instructions, and from four to six months' study will fit any young 
man of average capacity and application for active business. Clark's progressive 
book-keeping, practical and common-sense at every step, is the system taught. 
The course of training includes actual mercantile and commercial transactions be- 
tween Erie and Buffalo, thus imparting the soundest kind of business training by the 
best possible method — practice. The faculty is a remarkably strong and able one in 
every department, selected for individual attainments and capability of conveying to 
youthful minds the knowledge they have themselves acquired by long and arduous ex- 
perience. The course differs from that of most business colleges, in that it is thoroughly 
progressive and modern, and when the pupil completes the curriculum he knows enough 
to take charge of a set of double-entry books and is fitted for any position that is open 
to him. The student, upon entering the actual business course, starts in as a retail 
merchant, doing business with the different business offices, and with students in the 
other college. This teaches him neatness, commercial customs, and impresses upon 
him the great necessity of giving special attention to details. He is accordingly more 
painstaking with his business papers, as they go into the hands of strangers, and he 
becomes acquainted through correspondence with those engaged in business, desiring 
to do by them as he would be done by. There are eight separate offices in the 
actual business exchange, consisting of two banks, merchandise emporium, postoffice, 
insurance office, railroad office, commission office and real estate, supplied with all the 
conveniences usually found in first-class business houses, and under the supervision of 
the teacher students become familiar with the usages and customs of such places, be- 
sides being required to keep a regular set of double-entry books, as used in each office. 
Mr Johnson does not guarantee situations to graduates, though he renders them 
such assistance as is legitimate and proper. Business men frequently apply to him for 
competent accountants, and in this way many of his most faithful and capable male 
and female students are provided for. Students may enter at any time. Life scholar- 
ships, entitling the holders to tuition until they graduate, are sold for $50. Reviews — 
additional instructions — are given graduates at any time. Board may be had at from 
three dollars per week up. 

The night school continues throughout the year,, the same as the day session, and 
students receive every advantage that can be given them. This school is intended for 
those who are engaged during the day, and not only are all the branches taught that 
the business course includes, but any of the common English branches may be taken, 
either separately or all together. It is the best place for young and middle-aged men 
and women to get a start in life, if they are unable to attend the day session. 
9 






THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



McCLURE, BLOESER & EGGERT. 



Manufacturers of Boys', Souths', Ladies', Misses' and Children's Fine Shoes- 
No. :17!> Ellicotl si.. Opposite Washington Market. 

For a new house the above named 
has been remarkably successful in the 
face of eager and determined competi- 
tion. Its doors were first opened in 
November, 1883, and in a career of three 
years it has already built up a business 
of more than $5,000 a month, occupies a 
handsome three-story building, 24 feet 
front by 140 feet deep, employs 50 
operatives and four travelers, and has 
extended its trade into every State north 
of Mason and Dixon's line and west of 
New York. The factory equipment is 
first-class, embracing all the modern 
machinery of approved makes and prac- 
tical value, and the specialties turned 
out comprise all the fashiouable and 
popular styles of fine and medium 
ladies', misses', children's, boys' and 
youths' footwear, all of the best ma- 
terial and workmanship and superior finish and appearance. 

The members of the firm are thoroughly practical men, experienced in their busi- 
ness, capable and industrious. All were formerly employes of W. H. Walker, the 
famous Main-street wholesale shoe merchant. 

Mr. McClure, a native of this county, who has personal supervision of the factory, 
was reared to the shoe trade, his father having pursued it for many years, and he him- 
self having been the junior member of Taylor & Mct'lure, retail shoe dealers of this 
city. Mr. J. Bloeser, born in Erie, Pa., attends to buying stock, and also travels for the 
house at times. He was formerly a retail shoe merchant at Erie, Pa. Mr. E. B. Eggert 
has charge of the office and books, and this is his first business venture. He was born 
at Eggertsville. this county. 

As an indication of the firm's resources, we may here state that chey are now manufac- 
turing eighty-five distinct styles of shoes and slippers, none of which are for men. 
Such push and enterprise cannot, but reap a rich reward in both money and reputation. 




GEORGE D. WIGHTMAN, 



- Designer and Engraver on Wood — No. 60 Pearl St., near Seneca. 

The wedded arts of designing and engraving on wood are progressive in their nature, 
and, as a general thing, it is safe to conclude that, other things being equal, the indi- 
vidual who has the longest and most varied practical experience in either or both of 
the-te pursuits is the most skillful and most capable of producing the best effects. 
Buffalo has long enjoyed a high reputation for the excellent work turned out by her 
artists in these specialties, and it is safe to say that much of the credit therefor is due 
to the gentleman whose name appears above. Mr. Wightman is of English birth, born 
in London, and established himself here, in the old Exchange building on Main street, 
as long ago as 1847. Later he removed to the Arcade building, then, after a few years, 
to Brown's building, and last, in 1866, to his present convenient quarters at No. 60 Pearl 
street. 

Mr. Wightman is a remarkably skillful artist, naturally talented, whose fine taste 
and superior workmanship are known and recognized at home and abroad. His special- 
ties cover a wide range, and embrace the drawing and engraving of portraits, land- 
scapes, buildings, machinery, etc., and fine catalogue work of all kinds. The writer of 
this recently had occasion to visit Mr. Wightman's studio, and speaks from personal 
observation when he pronounces the work there exhibited equal to any he has ever 
seen. 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



139 



CENTRAL COAL CO. (Limited), Incorporated. _ 

Z. B. Lewis, President ; J. W. Haywood, Vice-President and General 
Manager ; J. F. Everhart, Secretary and Treasurer ; H. I. Cook, Superin- 
tendent at Yard George H. Clarke, Assistant Superintendent, in Charge 
of Marine Department— Miners and Shippers ot Hard and Soft Coal 
—Office, Second Floor Third National Bank. Corner Main and Swar. Sts., 
and No. 306 Main St. 

This successful and flourishing coal 
company, which, within little more 
than a year from its inception, ex- 
tended its trade to all available points 
throughout the States and Canada, was 
established in a modest and unpreten- 
tious way at No. 7 West Seneca street, 
October 13, 1885, by Messrs. J. W. 
Hay ward and H. I. Cook, and removed 
to its present eligible quarters over the 
Third National Bank, southeast corner 
Main and Swan streets, in April of 
1886. The growth of the Central's 
trade and the development of its in- 
fluence have far exceeded the most 
sanguine expectations of its founders, 
and placed it upon an equality with 
the oldest and most powerful of its 
competitors. The need of more work- 
ers and more capital became so 
pressing, in order to meet the demands 
of their business, that Messrs. Z. B. 
Lewis, J. F. Everhart and (ieorge H. 
Clarke were induced to join them, and 
the " Central Coal Company, Limited" 
was incorporated in September of the 
same year. 

Their local and shipping business is 
phenomenal, and the company is very 
popular with consumers, handling the 
.best grades of coal, both hard and soft, 
from its own mines, for maufacturing 
and domestic purposes, heating and 
steam generating. 

The personnel of the company is of the highest order. Mr. J. W. Hayward, who, 
with Mr. H. I. Cook, originated and established it, was, for a dozen or more years, 
traveler for various coal mining and shipping firms, at a later period conducting on his 
own account an extensive business at Oneida, N. Y., with a branch at Jackson, Mich. 
Having outgrown the markets afforded by these places, he came to Buffalo, where he 
found am t le scope for his abilities and enterprise. His personal and business worth 
are known and recognized by the trade generally. 

Mr. H. I. Cook was formerly for five years Buffalo ticket agent of the New York 
Central Railroad Company, previous to which time he was engaged in railroad con- 
struction, having been prominently identified with the building of the famous Cazeno- 
via tunnel, some thirteen or fourteen years ago. Resigning his ticket agency, he 
devoted several years to traveling and prospecting in the West, the South and Canada, 
finally joining Mr. Hayward in establishing the Central Coal Company. He has charge 
•as superintendent of coal deli%'ery at the company's coal trestles on Van Rensselaer 
street, near Exchange, East Buffalo, and has won golden opinions on all hands for 
promptitude, fair dealing and politeness. 

President Z. B. Lewis, of Niagara Falls, Ont., was unanimously chosen to that 
position at the first election of officers on reorganization of the company. He is a 
native of Wentworth, Township of Saltfleet, Canada, and is widely and favorably 
known throughout the western portion of the Dominion for his enterprising spirit and 
business sagacity. For ten years previous to his present venture he was a prominent 




J I" 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



-a]-- and retail coal dealer, saw and planing mill and bakery proprietor. He fills> 

esenl position with dignity and to the credit and satisfaction of his company. 
I. F. Everhart, A M., M. D., secretary and treasurer, is a native of Philadelphia, 

in.' to Buffalo three years ago to prosecute certain literary labors upon which he 
had bi d for a decade. He was induced to connect himself with the coal trade 

as offering a better field than he could elsewhere find for the practical study of coal 

y, a Bcience that had for the twenty years previous possessed great charms for 
him, and it is safe to say that in his specialty — the fixing of the analytical and) 
economic value of the various grades of anthracite and bituminous coals — he has no 
equal in WeBtern New York. On accepting the position of secretary and treasurer he- 
was appointed, with President Lewis, a commission to proceed to the Pennsylvania 
anthracite region and select a line of fuel that would succeed in this market in compe- 
tition with that carried by the established coal kings as the standard. The result ha& 
fully vindicated the wisdom of the choice made. 

Captain George H. Clarke, who manages the marine interests of the company, is an> 
old-time lake shipper, more recently connected with marine insurance and the coat 
trade. He also entered the Central Coal Company at its reorganization, and his great 
experience and wide acquaintance, in connection with his personal popularity and high 
character, render him one of its most valuable members. He is a well-preserved ands 
remarkably active man for his years, cheery and wide-awake. 



CROCKER'S BUFFALO FERTILIZER AND CHEM- 
ICAL WORKS. 

Smith & Becker, Trustees — Manufacturers of Ammoniated Bone Super- 
phosphate and Ground Bones — Office, No. 60 Pearl St. ; Works, Babcock 
St., East Buffalo. 

Few intelligent farmers in the Eastern and 

^— « — i Middle States are ignorant of the merits of 

'Hill \_^s. B&S1 WW Crocker's Buffalo Fertilizers, which during 

the past twelve years have become more 
famous than any similar products ever were 
before. These fertilizers are prepared under 
the personal supervision of an eminent chem- 
ist, are uniform in quality and constituents, and 
unquestionably the purest and best commer- 
cial fertilizers on the market. They are five 
in number, each specially designed for a cer- 
tain class of grains, plants, vegetables or 
fruits, as follows : " Buffalo Ammoniated 
Bone Superphosphate," " Buffalo Potato, Hop 
and Tobacco Phosphate," " Buffalo Vegetable 
Bone Super- phosphate" (for vegetables, root 
crops, berries, grape-vines, lawns, etc), "Buf- 
falo Queen City Phosphate," and "Crocker's- 
Buffalo [No. 2] Super-phosphate." In addi- 
tion, these works manufacture a superior 
article of pure ground bones, strictly genuine, 
particularly recommended for grass lands. 
These fertilizers are especially rich in plant 
feeding constituents, as phosphoric acid, ammonia, potash and nitrogen, and furnish 
the besl possible substitutes for the natural elements of the soil, withdrawn by long- 
continued and severe cropping. 

Messrs. Jaint's R. Smith and Emil A. Becker manage the Buffalo Fertilizer Works 
as trustees. Mr. Becker, of German birth, has resided here since 1870, nearly twelve 
yean <>f which time have been devoted to his present pursuit. He is a member of the 
Hoard of Trade. Mr. Smith is a native of Buffalo, a trustee of the Board of Trade,. 
vice-president of the Merchants' National and director of several other banks. 

The works, established by L. L. Crocker in 1874, cover about eleven and a-half 
acres of land, five and a half acres of which are enclosed and covered with buildings 
connected by switches with the several railroads. The best and latest improved machin- 
ery and from 80 to 100 men are employed, turning out an immense quantity of superior 
fertilizers per annum. The house annually publishes a handsome pamphlet full of 
Information on the subject of fertilizers, which will be mailed free to all who desire it. 




THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



141 



FORBUSH & BROWN, 

Wholesale Boot and Shoe Manufacturers— Nos. 103 and 105 Main St., 

Cor. Scott. 

Among the varied industrial resources of Buffalo which have been exhaustively 
treated in the pages of this work, reference will be found to what is done in boots and 
shoes. The house of Messrs. Forbush & Brown is the oldest and most extensive 
establishment of the kind in Buffalo, and, probably, in Western New York. It was 
established in 1853, and has kept even pace in expanding with the growth and develop- 
ment of this city from a village to a city of a quarter million inhabitants. At present 
sl very commodious building is occupied at Nos. 103 and 105 Main street, corner of Scott. 
It is four stories high, 60 by 130 feet, amply equipped throughout with all the necessary 
modern mechanical facilities. The annual business of the house amounts to $200,000, 
and a working force in the factory of from 250 to 300 skilled artisans is employed. The 
pay-roll amounts to about $1,200 per week, and is continuous the year around. A 
specialty is made of genuine Buffalo hand-made boots and shoes, which have attained 
a splendid reputation throughout the country. The trade extends through the West- 
ern and Southwestern States, and is efficiently taken care of by an able and active 
corps of traveling salesmen. It is not going out of the way to remark that each suc- 
cessive season finds this house at the front with a superior line of the most approved 
styles, which in shape and finish are second to none from any boot and shoe manufact- 
uring center in the land. They come from an old reliable house, whose aim has always 
been to supply the trade with goods that must invariably establish close and 
confidential relations between the dealer and consumer. 

Of the individual members of the firm Mr. N. Brown retired in 1883. The business 
lias been since continued under the old style by the present proprietor, Mr. Jonathan C. 
Forbush. Although about sixty years of age, Mr. Forbush is as active as ever, and 
gives his personal supervision to the affairs of the business, particularly the manu- 
facturing department. He is a native of Grafton, Mass., and came to this city in 1853, 
when the present business was begun. As a successful and prominent citizen, with a 
long and honorable career, his worth has been duly recognized. 



STAR M ACHI NE CO., 

Manufacturers of Star Portable Forges, Blacksmiths' Hand Blowers, Wood- 
Working Machinery, Self-Oiling Loose Pulleys, etc.— Office, Nos. 198 and 
200 Terrace. 

Among the flourishing 
concerns of this kind here, 
one of the most conspicuous 
is the Star Machine Co. , Nos. 
198 and 200 Terrace, of 
which Hon. Arthur W. 
Hickman is president, and 
Mr. Charles Hamelman sec- 
retary and treasurer. We 
present above a fine view 
of the works, which are 32 
by 107 feet, four stories and 
basement. The capital of 
the company, which was 
i I) '\ ,-' '\ organized April 24, 1886, is 
= $50,000, and it is calculated 
that the output for the first 
year will reach a value of 
$40,000 to $50,000. The lead- 
ing specialties embrace a 
splendid line of improved 
wood-working machinery, 
including, among others, C. 
Hamelman's improved pat- 
ent "Star Planer and 

Matcher," " Star Band Saw," " Star Pony Planer," and " Self-Oiling Loose Pulley." 
The " Star Forge," and " Star Blackmith's Hand Blower," are Mr. Hamelman's own 

inventions, and have been vastly improved since first brought out. These forges are 




CbfcWt-YW. t 






THE 1M>1 sri;il-:S OF BUFFALO. 




in Btyles adapted to the uses of boiler-makers, iron bridge builders, architectural 

iron loiler repairers, quarrymen, miners, machinists, tinsmiths, copper \itlis. 

plumb jfitters, manufacturing jewelers, gun and locksmiths, and work, is in 

enera \ No I, illustrated herewith, is the medium size, weighing only 11<> 

pounds, and lias an open hood. No. 5, with simple 
dash at hack, weighs 1 <<() pounds, while No. (i, with 

ed hood, weighs 120 pounds. The Blacksmith's 
Hand Blower, operated by a combination of the 
wheel and lever, occupies only lour square feet of 
floor space, and is readily attachable to any stationary 
hearth. 

It will produce, with very little labor, all the blast 
required by any blacksmith's fire. The principle upon 
which this forge and blower works is as simple as it 
is effective, its principal points of superiority over all 
others being: It has fewer working parts than any 
other made, consequently there is less friction to over 
come in working it. By reason of its simplicity it 
will never get out of order. There is only one large 
wheel in its construction. This is driven by the rack, 
which is moved up and down in the guides attached 
to the legs of the machine, and which engages with 
the pinion on the clutch hanging on the same shaft 
(which is stationary) as the band-wheel. The shaft is 
so arranged that any wear of the pinion and rack can 
be taken up by means of set-screws. The rack 
receives its motion from the lever, which is hung on 
a swivel, thereby enabling the worker to move about 
on a considerable radius while working. The ease 
witli which the machinery can be started is surprising, 
and is owing both to the principle and simplicity cf 
its construction. 

The clutch has fewer pieces than any other, and is so constructed that there is prac- 
tically no wear. 

Steel shafting is used, and best Babbitt for journals. These forges and blowers are 
guaranteed to be easier working, more durable and of stronger blast than any other. 

They are for sale by all leading hardware and machinery dealers throughout the 
country. 

BUFFALO R EGIST ER WORKS. 

O, F. Swift, Proprietor— Manufacturer of Resistors, Ventilators, Refriger- 
ator Trimmings, Locks, Knobs, etc. — Nos. 432 to 438 Niagara St. 

The careful observer, in looking over the range of this city's manufacturing 
resources, cannot avoid being impressed with the fact that of late years it has become 
widely diversified. Numerous auxiliary lines have sprung up in specialties for which 
there is a widespread demand. An illustration can be found in such an establishment 
as the Buffalo Register Works. The business was started in July, 1884, by Mr. O. F. 
Swift, at Nos. 10 and 12 Perry street. Owing to the rapid expansion, additional facili- 
ties were required, and in May, 1886, the present commodious premises at Nos. 432 to 
438 Niagara street were secured. Here an area of 40 by 80 feet, including three well- 
appointed floors, are occupied, and the goods manufactured include such articles as the 
vertical wheel warm air registers, ventilators, borders, frames, refrigerator trimmings, 
locks, knobs, etc. With the advantages of the best machinery and other equally 
Important features, this firm is able to successfully compete with any in the country. 
W hen required, special locks and hardware trimmings are made to order. 

Mr. Swift is a man of wide experience in the practical management of the business, 
lb- was formerly proprietor of the Empire State Manufacturing Company, and in all 
that pertains to hardware specialties he is an undisputed authority. A working force 
of from twenty to twenty -live skilled artisans is constantly employed, and the trade 
extends to all parts of the country. Mr. Swift also, for a period of fifteen years, was- 
extensively engaged in logging and the wholesale lumber business in Wisconsin. All 
his ventures have proved successful, and his present enterprise, from indications, will 
be no exception. 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 143 



L. B. CROCKER, 

Supe ntendent Live Stock Department New York Central & Hudson River 
Railroad— Office, Stock- Yards, East Buffalo. 

Among its army of officials and employes the New York Central & Hudson River 
Railroad Company has no more faithful, industrious, energetic, or capable man than 
Mr. L. B. Crocker, superintendent of its live-stock department at Buffalo. Mr. Crocker 
was born in 1856 in this city, and from boyhood has been connected with the 
handling of live stock in transit, his father and grandfather having preceded him in 
his present position, which he has held since 1874, previously for a year acting as yard 
superintendent at Buffalo, Toledo, Detroit and Joliet. At each he instituted reforms 
and improvements that have resulted in a vast access of business and the establish- 
ment of a perfect system, and all are in a condition of prosperity never before known. 
The yards at East Buffalo, under his immediate supervision, present a model of neat- 
ness, cleanliness, good order, exactitude and facility in the transaction of business such 
as can be found nowhere else. Every drover who has visited these yards during the 
present administration will testify to the uniform courtesy, promptitude, liberality and 
strict honesty that characterize every transaction in which Mr. Crocker is concerned. 
As a consequence he is a universal favorite with shippers and their employes on every 
line converging here that carries live stock. 

As before intimated, Mr. Crocker is the third of the name and family who has filled 
the position. His late grandfather, Mr. Leonard Crocker, came to Buffalo from Argyle, 
Vt., early in 1856, and purchased a farm on the lake shore, now called the Tifft farm, 
and was soon afterward appointed superintendent of the stock yards on their inaugur- 
ation. The yards were transferred to the New York Central & Hudson River Railroad 
in 1865, and Mr. Crocker continued in charge, and to his energy and enterprise is largely 
due the development of the business during its earlier years. Generous and public- 
spirited, he was popular with and respected by all who knew him. He was drowned on 
the lake shore in the memorable storm of January 2, 1870. 

Mr. Lemuel L. Crocker, son of the last-named, succeeded him in the superintendency 
of the yards, and infused much of his own energy and high character into the conduct 
of the business. There seemed no limit to his enterprise and liberality, not only 
toward shippers of stock, but toward individuals and business ventures in need of aid. 
He was born at White Hall, N. Y., November 23, 1828, and died in this city March 27, 
1885. He was the founder of the now celebrated Buffalo Chemical and Fertilizer Co. 



O'BRIAN & SONS, 

Merchant Tailors— Nos. lOO and 208 East Seneca St. 

" An honest man is the noblest work of God," we are informed by the poet ; but his 
honesty will hardly gain him the entree to the best society unless he is well dressed ; in 
fact, self-respect, respect for others, and a proper regard for their respect are best mani- 
fested by due attention to outward appearances, and particularly in the matter of dress, 
Though the tailor does not make the man, he may, and usually does, when given 
opportunity, make the man look as well as his physical imperfections will permit. We 
are not now speaking of ready-made clothing dealers — whose shabbily-made hand-me- 
downs sometimes turn a really handsome man into a scare-crow — but of tailors, artists 
in cloth, who, after a rigid apprenticeship on the bench, with the tape, and with the 
shears, have devoted years to mastering all the mysteries of the craft — styles, cutting, 
fit, the proper selection of goods, and study of the popular taste. Such are Messrs. 
O'Brian & Sons, whose two elegant merchant tailoring establishments, Nos. 100 and 208 
East Seneca street, are almost as well known and a good deal more popular with the 
well-dressed men of Buffalo and adjacent territory as the Union Depot. 

Mr. Thomas O'Brian, sr., established himself in the tailoring business here in his 
native city in 1855, nearly thirty-two years ago, and has a reputation equal to that of 
any of his rivals, however pretentious — an honest reputation, fairly earned and modestly 
enjoyed. The sons, John M. and Thomas J. R., were bred to the same calling, and are 
artist tailors in the best sense. They were admitted as partners in 1880. 

The headquarters of the firm are at No. 100 East Seneca street, where they occupy a 
handsome four-story building, 25 feet front and 100 feet deep. The branch house is at 
No. 208 same street, one floor sufficing for the wants of the house at that point. They 
employ, in all, from 25 to 30 hands, skilled tailors exclusively, and do from $80,000 to 
$90,000 worth of first-class work annually, their specialty being fine custom work, 
which they deliver promptly at moderate prices, fit and style guaranteed. O'Brian & 
Sons have the best run of profitable tailoring in Buffalo. 






THE 1XDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



JOHN C. POST, 



Importer and Dealer In Paints, Oils, <;iass. Artists 1 Materials, Brushes, 
Porcelain, Brass and Papier-Mache Plaques, Canvases, Crayon Paper, 
etc. No. 20 East Swan St., Corner Washington. 

This old and famous house was established 
by Charles H. Coleman in 1836, Mr. John C. 
Post, a native of Holland, succeeding to the 
proprietorship in the eventful year of 1861. 
It has always been a leading and prosperous 
concern, but of late years has added more 
_. ». 1 j . jfi^S than ever before to its high reputation for 

[[■"•if a ,. u S| punctuality, reliability and responsibility, as 
"til H- I i i |s ' jl as well as to the extent and character of its 

iL^-trrK^m ill operations — a result largely due. no doubt, 

to the assistance rendered by Mr. Post's five 
wide-awake and energetic sons, John H., 
Henry, James, William and Peter, all natives 
of Buffalo and eminent among her rising 
young business men. Mr. Post's business 
premises comprise a commodious four-story- 
and basement building, 22 by 60 feet, but 
which his trade, especially in window and polished plate glass, has outgrown, and in 
the spring he will occupy the fine store No. 16 Swan street with the finest, largest and 
most valuable stock of these goods, French and American glass, ever shown in Buffalo. 
It may be remarked here that this is a recognized specialty of the house, which handles 
more window and plate glass than any city rival, and has supplied hundreds of the 
finest public edifices and private residences on contract. Mr. Post is a direct importer, 
which gives him decided advantages in this department. 

Returning to the paint and oil department, the house is the largest handler of these 
goods in this market, carrying at all times a vast and varied stock of all descriptions of 
paints, dry and in oil, white lead, colors, Windsor & Newton's and F. W. Devoe & Co.'s 
oil and water colors, Lacroix's China colors, etc. , together with a full line of flitters 
and colors for lustre and Kensington painting, brushes of all kinds, canvases for oil 
painting and crayon paper mounted to order, porcelain, brass and papier-mache plaques, 
and innumerable other items pertaining to the trade. 

Mr. Post came to Buffalo in 1837 with nothing but a good character and two strong 
hands. He is a self-made man, and decidedly a good job. 




J. H. ULLENBRUCH & CO., 



Scient inc opt icians, Importers of and Dealers in Spectacles, Eye-Glasses, Opti- 
cal, .Mathematical and Scientific Instruments and Apparatus— No. 1274 
.Main St. 

Mr. J. M. Ollendorff established the above-named concern in 
1877, and was succeeded by the present proprietors, Messrs. J. H. 
Ullenbruch and Albert Landsberg, in 1882. The store and sales- 
room occupies the ground Moor of the large four-story brick build- 
ing No. 274 Main street, 22 by 100 feet in area, and is a mostelegant 
and well conducted place of business. The stock embraces full 
lines of fine optica] goods of all kinds, of which the firm are 
importers, together with a rare assortment of mathematical 
instruments, thermometers, barometers, opera, marine, field and 
spy glasses, telescopes, microscopes, artificial eyes, etc. A specialty' 
ide of the scientific testing and fitting of eyes with superior 
glasses. In addition, a general and very choice stock of fine 
jewelry and fancy goods is offered the public on reasonable terms, and the firm are 
gradually extending their trade to neighboring States. 

Mr. rjllenbrucb. came to this country from Germany in 1867 and settled at Detroit, 
where he remained in the employ of L. Black & Co., opticians, until he came here to 
d Mr. Ollendorff. He is an experienced and skillful optician, and both he and Mr. 
Landsberg are polite, capable and accommodating gentlemen. 




THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



145 




HENRY E. SMITH, 

Shipper of Anthracite and Bituminous Coal— Office, No. 23 West Swan St., 

Chapin Block. 

Buffalo is one of the largest inland coal markets in the 
world — a consequence of her superb shipping facilities by 
rail and water to all Western, Northwestern and Canadian 
points. The Coal Exchange is an institution of the city 
scarcely second in importance to the Board of Trade ; tens 
of millions are invested in the trade, and everything 
combines to prove that coal, its receipt, storage and ship- 
ment, form a most conspicuous interest of the city. 

The gentleman whose name heads this item has ample 
yards and docks, the former on Louisiana street near 
Perry, the latter on the Blackwell Canal — one of the big- 
gest of Buffalo's numerous big docks. He also has control 
of fine storage facilities and transfer pockets at the Tifft 
farm, enabling him to load both vessels and cars in the 
shortest possible time. Mr. Smith's specialties embrace 
choice grades of hard and soft coal from the anthracite 
and bituminous regions of Pennsylvania, and he is prepared to supply the trade in 
large or small quantities, on as favorable terms as any honest dealer can afford. 

Mr. Smith's pleasant and commodious offices are located at No. 23 West Swan street, 
Chapin block, where the trade will always be welcome. 



in,"! 



mm 



■Isl'it 



THE BUFFALO TRICYCLE COMPANY. 



W. C. Atherton, J. M. Fisher — Manufacturers of Improved Tricycles — No. 

640 Linwood Ave. 

The tricycle herewith illustrated em- 
phatically speaks for itself. It is a strictly 
Buffalo machine, first-class in material, 
workmanship and finish, and embraces 
several novel improvements not found in 
others. They have been thoroughly 
tested and approved, sell rapidly, and are 
desirable vehicles, both for the trade and 
those who use them. The new movement 
— a walking motion — is graceful and easy, 
imparts greater power and speed with less 
exertion, and cannot fail to commend the 
machine to ladies and girls. They are 
made in the best manner, with improved 
steel wheels, steel axles, iron frames, and 
adjustable plush seats, and are the hand- 
somest, easiest propelled and fastest run- 
ning tricycle known. 

This machine was patented and intro- 
duced in 1885, and the second season 
(1880) saw six times as many sold as the 
first, while the indications are that the 
same rate of increase will continue for the 
approaching season. Mr. Atherton opened the factory on a small scale in 1885, and 
January 1, 1886, finding the business too heavy for him alone, admitted Mr. Fisher, 
since which time the Buffalo tricycle has been introduced and become popular all over 
the United States. 

Mr. Atherton is an Ohio man, and invented the new tricycle while in the employ of 
the United States Express Company in this city. With a patent in his pocket he com- 
menced manufacturing for the city trade, succeeded, and is now, with Mr. Fisher's 
assistance, building up a large and profitable business. There is no question about the 
merits of the machine. Two new sizes are to be added for this year's trade ; these will 
be 3(3 and 42 inches, for adults. 







TEE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



BINGHAM & TAYLOR. 



The Clinton Iron Works Rfanufacl urers <>r Railroad and General Castings, 
I (tension Service and Valve Shut-off Boxes for Gas and Water— No. i.~>7 
Chun h St. 




In the department of heavy iron-work the city of Buffalo has the best of facilities 
for manufacturing, which are not surpassed by any rival. The advantages of an 
abundant cheap fuel from the Pennsylvania coal fields and cheap transportation by rail 
and water, both for receiving the raw material and reaching disputed territory, are 
utilized to the fullest extent. In the manufacture of railroad and general castings the 
firm of Bingham & Taylor take a leading position. Their establishment is located on the 
corner of Church and Jackson streets, and the business was originally begun in 1849. 
The style of the firm at that time was Eddy & Bingham. Their facilities possessed for 
everything required in castings for railroad purposes are unsurpassed, and for years 
tli is branch of the business has largely entered into the vast development of the 
different railway systems. The firm as it is now constituted consists of Charles F. 
Bingham and William P. Taylor. Mr. Bingham has been associated with the business 
for a great many years, and is an experienced man in every particular when this line is 
referred to. Mr. Taylor became a member of the firm two years ago, and prior to that 
time was general manager of the Canada Southern railroad. His prominent connection 
wiih the railroad business proves a very important factor in securing the favorable 
consideration of railroad officials for that branch of work. Mr. Taylor also takes an 
active interest in politics, and is at present a member of the Democratic county com- 
mittee. The capital of the firm is $100,000, and from 75 to 90 hands are employed, the 
pay-roll averaging $1,000 a week. The manufacture of extension service and valve 
shut-off boxes for water and gas is also a prominent feature of the business. This firm 
has a well-established reputation for the general superiority in all classes of work 
turned out. In this they have aided in giving a prestige to the manufacturers of 
Buffalo which is now pretty generally acknowledged abroad. 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



147 



BUFFALO STORAGE AND CARTING CO. 




W." P. Taylor, Proprietor ; T. J. Avery, R. G. Martin, Managers ; F. J. Abel, 
Cashier— Nos. 350, 352, 354 and 356 Seneca St., and 165, 107, 169 and 
171 Myrtle Ave. 

We herewith present 
a view of the Buffalo 
Storage and Carting 
Company's great ware- 
house, fronting on Sene- 
ca street and Myrtle 
avenue. This immense 
six-story brick and iron 
edifice, 80 by 180 feet, 
has three acres of floor- 
age — a capacity equal, 
perhaps, to any demand 
that may ever be made 
upon it — and was erect- 
ed during the past year 
at great cost, especially 
for the convenience of 
owners of household 
goods, merchandise, etc. , 
■^^^^^^g who, having no imme- 

diate use therefor, are 
desirous of storing the same where it will be safe and properly taken care of at a reason- 
able rental. In the construction of this warehouse 1,000,000 bricks, 200 cords of stone 
and 300 tons of iron were consumed, and it is phenomenally strong at every point, fire- 
proof and secure, as is proved by the fact that insurance rates on goods stored therein 
are lower than are obtained for any other storage warehouse in Buffalo. 

In the basement are located the stables and shelter for the wagons of the company, 
there being 130 hardwood stalls, besides three box-stalls for sick animals, and room for 
the 50 two-horse vehicles employed by the company. Under the Seneca street sidewalk 
is situated the fine fifty-horse-power boiler and powerful Westinghouse engine for run- 
ning the elevators, one of which is of ten tons capacity, and will carry a loaded wagon 
to any of the upper floors. The same engine furnishes power for the feed-cutters, while 
the warehouse, piped throughout, is heated by steam from the boiler. The first, or 
ground floor, is securely calked like a vessel's bottom, thus preventing the rising of 
unpleasant odors from the stables and engine-room. All feed, being stored on the sixth 
floor, is delivered in the basement by means of chutes. On the ground floor, opening 
on the street, are the offices and wagon scales, the elevator platform, and, on the 
Myrtle-avenue front, a fine, large, comfortable room used as a place of asst-mbly and 
shelter for the employes. A. double row of heavy iron pillars extend the length of this 
floor, supporting the one above, which in turn is provided with powerful iron girders- 
and structural supports from the Central Bridge Company's works. The second, third 
and fourth floors are devoted to general storage purposes, while the fifth floor, divided 
into compartments, is used exclusively for household goods. The sixth floor is reserved 
for the company's own use, and here are stored the wagons, stages, feed, etc., of both 
the Storage and Carting and Buffalo Stage Companies. An abundant supply of water 
is provided at both ends, and on every floor. 

Mr. W. P. Taylor, the proprietor, is also president of the Buffalo Storage Company, 
and a member of the firm Bingham & Taylor, proprietors of the Clinton Iron Works. 
He is a wide-awake, energetic, pushing business man of great capacity, and very popu- 
lar with the citizens of Buffalo. 

The carting and storage business of this city was organized twenty years ago under 
the name of the Lake Shore Transfer Co., and was succeeded by the present company 
three or four years ago. The facilities are unsurpassed for handling and storing furni- 
ture and baggage, carriages, sleighs, machinery, flour, salt, groceries, general 
merchandise, seeds, etc. Experienced packers, large moving vans and careful watch- 
men (themselves in turn watched by the American Watchman's Time Detector) are 
employed, itemized receipts issued, and goods received from and forwarded to all points. 
The system, in short, is complete, and the most perfect safeguards provided against 
loss or damage. 



14> 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



CHARLES J. HEINOLD, 



Wholesale Grocer, Wine and Liquor Dealer — Nos. 2<n>, '21 1 and 27;$ 
Broadway, corner Bennett St. 

Mr. Heinold is a native of Wurtemburg, 
Germany, born in 1S47. He came to Buf- 
falo in 1854, began at the bottom of the 
ladder, working as a boy for his board and 
clothes, advanced step by step from errand 
boy to book-keeper, saved his money, and 
finally established himself as a retail gro- 
cer at Pine and North Division streets, on 
a cash capital of $140, in 1867. He was 
polite and liberal to li is customers, worked 
hard, economized, pushed his trade, added 
to his facilities from time to time, and at 
last opened as a wholesale merchant in 
groceries, wines and liquors, his sales now 
aggregating about $125,000 a year. At 
present he occupies the three commodious 
stores Nos 269, 271 and 273 Broadway, 
corner Bennett street, each 20 feet front by 80 feet deep, and carries an immense and 
carefully selected stock of superior goods, embracing staple and fancy groceries, grocers' 
sundries, flour, provisions, fine foreign and domestic wines, liquors and cordials, all of 
which he offers to the trade on the most reasonable terms. 

Mr. Heinold takes no active part in politics; has served eleven years in the 74th N. 
Y. S. X. (*., attends closely to his own business, is a good citizen and a prosperous man. 







CHARLES KUHN & CO., 

Importers and "Wholesale Dealers in 3Iusical Goods of Every Description — 
Agents for Sohmer, New England, and Christie & Son Pianos— Organs 
<>f Popular Makes— Nos. 525 and 527 Wain St. 

Very few residences of 
people in even moderately 
comfortable circumstances 
are destitute of pianos, and 
it is not unusual to find in 
the same house — sometimes 
in the same parlor — both 
piano and organ. It is a 
question whether any non- 
professional can become a 
first-rate performer on both 
instruments, but where there 
are several daughters of dif- 
fering tastes, and pater 
fnin ill as can afford the 
expense, it is not unreason- 
able to expect that he will 
provide the means whereby 
all may cultivate whatever 
of musical talent they may 
possess. 

Buffalo, notwithstanding 
her devotion to manufactures and commerce, is rapidly gaining an enviable distinction 
as a city of homes, re6nements and art, not the least of her claims to merit being based 
upon the encouragement given musical culture, professional and private. As a conse- 
'I'"'"'"'" ''"■ "'" || - '" music and musical merchandise is in a flourishing condition and 
grows steadily in importance. One of the leading houses here in this line is that of 
Charles Kuhu & Co., Nos. 525 and 527 Main street, established in 1880 by Messrs. 




THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



149 



Charles Kuhn and C H. Riegelmann, at No. 517 Main street, and removed to tbe present 
convenient and commodious stand in 1881. The firm occupy two floors, each 30 by 10O 
feet, of a handsome four-story building, where they carry an immense stock of all stand- 
ard musical goods, including a variety of pianos, organs, etc., of tbe most celebrated 
makes, among them the favorite " Sohmer" piano (illustrated above), " New England," 
and " Christie & Son " pianos, and a variety of organs of celebrated makes and in many 
styles. The house also publishes music on a liberal scale, some of which — notably sev- 
eral of Mr. Riegelmann's own compositions (" Evening Bells," " Dreaming of the Past," 
etc.) have achieved great popularity. As importers and jobbers of instruments and 
musical merchandise of every description, this firm enjoy extraordinary advantages and 
are prepared to supply the trade on the best possible terms. 

With a very large and constantly growing trade in the city and throughout the 
tributary territiry, Messrs. Charles Kuhn & Co. have established branches at Tonawanda 
and Lancaster for the convenience of musical people in those cities. The house has 
passed the experimental stage, and is a fixed and prosperous venture, doing a business 
of $40,000 to $50,000 a year. 

Mr. Kuhn is a native of the city, has been interested in the handling of musical 
goods since early manhood, and is himself a master, having, for six years, conducted 
the musical exercises and taught the pupils of Canisius College. Mr. Riegelmann, as 
previously stated, is a successful composer. Born in Berlin, Canada, he came to 
Buffalo in 1868, and has always been identified with the melodious art. 



BUFFALO ARTIFICIAL LIMB CO. 

George W. Hall, Manager— No. 9 West Eagle St. 




Expert mechanical skill is one of the most remarkable of human attainments. It is 
the creator of every indication of material progress, and in numerous instances is dis- 
played genius of a very high order. Among those in this city entitled to honorable 
mention in this connection Mr. George W. Hall merits such recognition for a variety of 
reasons. Were a committee of disinterested, competent citizens appointed to determine 
what product of mechanical skill had been the means of alleviating the greatest 
amount of human suffering and inconvenience, there is not the shadow of a doubt but 
that the palm would be awarded to artificial limbs. 

During the past twenty-six years Mr. Hall has been engaged in the manufacture of 
artificial limbs in this city. It is the only establishment of the kind in Buffalo, but such 
has been the degree of proficiency attained by Mr. Hall that it is known from one 
extreme of the country to the other. In the course of the extended experience which 
this gentleman has had in the business, there is an important fact worth considering. 
As a mechanical expert in the work he is undoubtedly without an equal in the United 
States. This is more particularly the case in the making of substitutes for the natural 
members, and in this connection there is a feature which has had an important part in 
bringing out Mr. Hall's talents in this direction, and that is, for the past thirty years 
Mr. Hall has had to use an artificial leg himself. The idea occurred to him that the 
clumsy substitute in vogue then could be improved upon, when he started in the busi- 
ness, and ever since then there has always been a double incentive to strive for 
excellence. Every improved feature that lie could devise was sure not only to redound 






THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



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pecuniary advantage, but liis personal comfort as well. So successful has Mr. 
. in his work thai nobody would detect from his walk that he wore an artificial 
limb. 

Since the war Mr. Hall has furnished hundreds of limbs to soldiers on the govern- 
ment accounl by order of the Surgeon-General of the United States army. Apparatus 
■ provided for resections of the arm, fore-arm, and unjoined fractures. Feet are 
applied for disarticulation at the knee and aukle, and in the whole range of malforma- 
i ! the limbs, requiring the best apparatus, or to aid surgical operations, the best 
results are obtained. The wood is the best grained and seasoned weeping willow, 
obtained lroin the banks of the Schuylkill river. 

Personally Mr. Hall is one of the most whole-souled, genial, kindly-tempered gentle- 
men to be met in a day's travel. 

GOODYEAR RUBBER COMPANY. 

I'. ML Shepard, President; J. A. Minott, Secretary; E. A. Rockwood, Man- 
ager — Nos. 240 Main and 9 West Seneca St. — Manufacturers of and 
Dealers in Rubber Goods of Every Description. 

• The vast development of the trade in rubber goods 
is one of the commercial wonders of the age, and owes 
its primary impetus to the genius, industry and deter- 
mination of one man more than to all others combined 
— to Charles Goodyear, who in 1834 began the series 
of investigations and experiments which resulted five 
years later in the discovery of the vulcanizing pro- 
cess, which at once rendered practicable the employ- 
ment of rubber for the multitude of uses to which it 
has since been applied. Many improvements have 
since been made in methods and apparatus, but the 
process is still essentially the same, and is universally 
known as the " Goodyear process." The Goodyear 
Rubber Company, the largest in existence, is the 
result of a consolidation of several wealthy corpora- 
tions, and perpetuates in its name and products the 
fame of the great inventor. The principal offices 
are at No. 487 Broadway, New York, with branches 
at 57 Maiden Lane, New York, and in Washington 
City, Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul, Minneapolis, 
St. Louis, Kansas City, San Francisco, Boston, Mon- 
treal and Buffalo — the house here being under the 
personal management and direction of Mr. E. A. 
Rockwood, who from 1855 to 1871 was connected 
with some of the largest New York importers, the 
last five years as buyer for Lee, Bliss & Co. During 
his fifteen years' control of the Goodyear Rubber 
Company's Buffalo interests he has proved himself 
the right man in the right place, and possesses, as he well deserves, the unlimited 
confidence of his principals. 

Tin- Goodyear Rubber Company is incorporated under the laws of New York with a 
paid-up capital of $1,000,000, and stands a head and shoulders above all competitors in 
character, variety and extent of manufactures, its products comprising every conceivable 
article of use and ornament made of this material. Its factories are located at Harlem, 
N. V.; Middletown, Conn.; Bristol, R. I.; Elizabeth and Lambertville, N.J. Their boot 
and shoe factory at Harlem is the only concern of the kind in the world that rejects 
shoddy and old rubber. Not an ounce of any other material save pure Para rubber is 
employed; consequently the "Goodyear" stamp is an incontestible guarantee of superi- 
ority, both in workmanship and material. 

The Goodyear Rubber Company is also the sole general agency for the National 
Rubber Company for all its manufactures other than boots and shoes — one of the leading 
American rubber companies. It is also the general agency for Western New York for 
the celebrated •• Red Jacket" fire hose of the Boston Woven Hose Company, whose pro- 
ducts in this line are too well known to need commendation. 

The Goodyear Rubber Company fills all orders from its Buffalo store at manufactur- 
ers' prices, without any extra freight charges, doing a heavy business in both wholesale 
and retail departments, but giving special attention to the former, supplying many 



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THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



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of the principal jobbers all over the country. 
Besides a magnificent and almost limitless stock 
of rubber boots and shoes an immense line of 
goods for every conceivable purpose is carried for 
the trade, embracing, among other items, rubber 
belting of all widths and weights, packing, hose, 
light and heavy clothing, druggists' sundries, air 
cushions, pillows, beds, water beds, urinals, stop- 
ples, tubing, nursing bottles, aprons, rubber bauds, 
mats, rubber drill and other carriage goods, enam- 
eled oilcloth, oiled clothing, etc., horse clothing, 
firemen's clothing, gloves, spittoons, door mats, 
rubber cement, etc. In the hose department will 
be found a variety of approved hose-reels and 
brass goods for hose. The National " Anchor " 
hose is confessedly the best made, stands 700 
pounds pressure to the square inch, and gives 
perfect satisfaction under all conditions. As a 
proof of its popularity we may state that over 
50,000 feet of %-inch 3-ply Anchor hose is annu- 
ally retailed to consumers here in Buffalo. 

The house here embraces two branches — the 
wholesale department, No. 9 West Seneca street, 
40 by 60 feet, five floors, and the retail depart- 
ment, No. 240 Main street, two floors, 20 by 100 
feet, thus forming an L. A stock valued at 
$100,000 is carried at all seasons, and the average 
annual sales reach $500,000. The territory cov- 
ered comprises, besides the city and vicinity, all of Western New York, Ohio, Penn- 
sylvania and Michigan. 

This is headquarters for the finest line of syringes, combs, rubber bands and other 
choice goods in this material. 




NIAGARA B AKING COMPANY, 

Manufacturers of JBest Buffalo Crackers, Biscuits, Cakes, Snaps, Pastry 
Bread, Rolls, etc.— Steam Baker j — Office and Salesrooms, Nos. 23 ami 
25 Ellicott St., near Seneca. 

In no branch of manufactures is the concentration of skill and capital and the divi- 
sion of labor more marked or fraught with better results than in the production of 
farinaceous food, under which head comes every description of bakers' goods — crackers, 
cake and pastry. Of the many prominent houses engaged in this branch of enterprise 
we know of none that have, within the past few years, achieved a greater degree of 
well-earned success than the Niagara Baking Company, whose extensive works, 
equipped with steam power and all requisite improvements in machinery and appli- 
ances, is located in the handsome three-story brick building Nos. 23 and 25 Ellicott 
street, between Seneca and Swan, with a frontage of 44 feet and a depth of 100 feet. 
Every variety of superior bakers' goods is turned out here in immense quantities and 
popular styles, embracing full lines of plain and fancy crackers, biscuits, cakes, snaps, 
jumbles, pastry, etc. The company enjoy special advantages for procuring the highest 
grades of flour, the senior partner being one of the most prominent millers in the East- 
ern States. 

The Niagara Baking Company was organized in 1881 by Messrs. H. J. Harvey and 
M. W. Dake, the former a member of Harvey Bros., flour and grain merchants, and of 
Harvey & Henry, proprietors of the Buffalo City Mills. He is also connected with 
Smith, Falke & Co., wholesale bakers, Michigan and North Division streets. Mr. M. 
W. Dake came hither from Livingston county in 1883, and was formerly a hardware 
merchant at Nunda, N. Y. The Niagara Baking Company has a capacity of 100 barrels 
of flour daily. Only the best selected materials are used, and all goods are guaranteed 
of the finest quality. Sixty-five trained operatives are employed, and four traveling 
salesmen are constantly on the road securing orders from old and new patrons in the 
trade, all over the country, principally in New York, Pennsylvania and Ohio. The tran- 
sactions of the house increase steadily, and last year footed up about $200,000. 






THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



THE STAFFORD, 

l). <.. West & <<>.. Proprietors— Corner Wasnington and Carroll Sts. 

This is one of tlm 
leading hotels of Buf- 
falo, it was originally 
the Bonney House, and 
has always been a pop- 
ular resort for the trav- 
eling public. In 1884 
Messrs. Stafford & Co. 
became the proprietors, 
and the n a in e was 
changed. Shortly af- 
terward the present 
proprietors, Messrs. D. 
G. West & Co., took 
charge of the hotel. 
An outlay of several 
thousand dollars made 
a complete transforma- 
tion throughout. The 
house was entirely re- 
furnished in a style 
equal toanyiD the city, 
and in the matter of in- 
terior decoration a very 
high class of artistic 
work was performed. 

The proprietors are Messrs. D. G. West and D. W. Burt. Mr. W r est has the active 
direction of the affairs pertaining to the management. He is one of the best hotel 
men in the country, having had years of experience in the business. A long residence 
in the oil country, in the hotel business at Bradford and other points, has made Mr. 
West acquainted with the entire traveling public of Western Pennsylvania This class 
invariably make The Stafford their headquarters while in Buffalo. In every respect The 
Stafford is a strictly first-class hotel. The cuisine is unsurpassed, and has secured for 
the house a degree of popularity that is peculiarly its own. There are ninety-three rooms 
in the house, single and en suite, which render it sufficiently commodious for a large 
patronage. 




H. G. WHITE, 

House, Sign, Ship and Fresco Painter— No. 83 Main St. 

Probably no Buffalo artisan is more widely and favorably known than Mr. H. G. 
White, who, lor more than fifty years has occupied a leading position among Buffalo 
painters, a large proportion of the most elaborate and artistic house, sign and fresco 
work done here during the past half-century having been designed by him and exe- 
cuted under liis direction, while many of the handsomest steam and sailing craft that 
daring the same period have ridden the waters of the great lakes owed their tasteful 
painting and decoration to the same trained eye and master hand. It is scarcely neces- 
sary to enlarge upon the taste and skill that have always distinguished Mr. White ; the 
innumerable examples of both found in the private residences, public buildings, hotels 
and churches of Buffalo sufficiently attest these merits, while the volume of his 
business proves the hold he has upon the confidence and patronage of the property- 
owning and building public. He employs from twenty-five to one hundred painters 
and artists, dependent upon the season, pays an average of $500 per week in wages, and 
n annual business of $40,000 to $50,000. 

Mr. White was born at Burlington, Vt., June 8, 1814; came to Buffalo July 4, 1836, 
and has made his home and conducted business here ever since — for the past thirty- 
three years occupying the same location, No. 83 Main street. He is a well-preserved, 
genial and active man to thisday, with the suns and snows of seventy-two years upon 
ad, and bids fair to survive many younger men yet. 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



153 



THE REBSTOCK STOVE CO. (Limited). 



Manufacturers and Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Hardware, Stoves 
and Ranges, Furnaces, House Furnishing Goods, Agricultural Imple- 
ments, etc.— Xos. 564 and 566 Washington St. 

This fine house 
was established 
by Mr. J. E. Reb- 
stock in 1880, the 
present company 
organizing and 
succeeding to the 
business July 10, 
1885, with J. E. 
Rebstock, presi- 
dent, Geo. F. 
Mings, treasurer, 
and J. H. Reb- 
stock, secretary; 
capital stock, 
$20,000. The 
company's build- 
ing is a commo- 
dious one, 43 by 
95 feet, four sto- 
ries and base- 
ment, and is thor- 
oughly equipped 
in every depart- 
ment for the 
transaction of a 
large and grow- 
ing business such 
as is being built 
up by the ener- 
getic gentlemen 
above named, em- 
bracing a number 
I of specialties, in- 
cluding hardware 
of all kinds, full 
lines of superior 

stoves and ranges, house furnishing goods, agricultural implements, and a thou- 
sand other items coming under the general heads we have designated. They also deal 
heavily in furnaces for public and private buildings, and control the celebrated " Royal" 
and " Magee " furnaces and " Magee " ranges in this market. Employing more than 
thirty skilled workmen, most of whom devote their whole time and attention to the set- 
ting and repairing of furnaces and ranges, the company are enabled to render unvarying 
satisfaction to their patrons. 

President Rebstock and his brother the secretary are natives of Buffalo, as is Treasurer 
Mings. The first named has been in the same line of business for eighteen years, and 
in 1885 was owner of the Christian Advocate. Mr. Mings, who came into this firm 
nearly two years ago, is an active young man, and was formerly in the livery business 
with his father. Mr. J. H. Rebstock has been connected with the stove and hardware 
trade for ten years. All are industrious, liberal and worthy men, and have excellent 
business prospects, individually and collectively. 

Mr. J. E. Rebstock last autumn purchased a large tract of land — ninety-two acres — 
at Black Rock, where he purposes to erect an extensive foundry during the present 
year. Other parties, among them a Troy stove manufacturing company, will be inter- 
ested with him in this enterprise, which will employ about 200 mechanics and be one 
of the leading industries of this section. 

10 







THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



THE STEWART HEATER CO. 

J>:i\i(l P, Stewaii and George A. Otis— Patentees and Manufacturers of 
Peed Water Beaters, Single and Double Plunger Boiler Feed Pumps, 
Fu.be Cleaners, Flue Blowers, etc. — Nos. :$7 and 30 Clinton St. 



OuTUT 




The above-named flourishing com- 
pany commenced operations on Me- 
chanic street in January, 1883, but was 
forced by heavy increase of orders to 
remove in July, 1884, to Nos. 37 and 39 
Clinton street, where two well-lighted 
and convenient floors, each 30 by 100 
feet, are occupied, and an excellent 
plant of appropriate machinery is 
operated by a competent force of 
skilled workmen. The members of 
the company, Messrs. David P. Stew- 
art and George A. Otis, are both prac- 
tical and experienced steam engi- 
neers and are the inventors and paten- 
tees of the devices manufactured in 
their works, comprising Stewart's 
patent feed water heater (illustrated 
herewith), single and double plunger 
boiler feed pumps, " Engineers' Favor- 
ite" steam boiler tube cleaner, "Red 
Jacket" steam boiler flue blower, and 
the Otis tubular heater. 

All of the Stewart Heater Company's 
machines and devices are enthusiasti- 
cally indorsed by practical engineers 
wherever tested. It would be impos- 
sible in the limits of a notice of this 
kind to illustrate and describe all of 
these inventions, but those interested 
will be supplied with all desired infor- 
mation, descriptive and illustrated cir- 
culars and catalogues on application by 
mail or in person. Over 100 of this 
company's feed water heaters are in use 
in Buffalo's leading mills and factories, 
and may be inspected at any time in 
operation. 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



155 



THE BUFFALO CHEMICAL WORKS. 

Albert M. Kalbfleisch, President ; Franklin H. Kalbfleisch, Vice-President ; 
Theo. V. Fowler, Secretary and Treasurer— Manufacturing Chemists — 
Works, Abbott Road and Buffalo Creek ; Office, No. 255 Washington St., 
Coal and Iron Exchange. 




The Buffalo Chemical Works, of which we herewith present a bird's-eye view, are 
among the finest of the kind in the United States, covering with appurtenances a tract 
of ten acres at the crossing of the Abbott road and Buffalo creek. Eight acres of the 
ground are devoted to the company's brick buildings, thirteen in number, one and two 
stories in height, provided with a superb equipment of machinery, chemical apparatus, 
etc., including two new platinum stills of large capacity, manufactured by Johnson, 
Matthey & Co., of London, and the finest ever imported. In addition to the shipping 
facilities afforded by the Buffalo creek, which extends along one entire front of the 
property, and by which they are directly connected with the Erie canal, they have 
switches and tracks from the Buffalo Creek railroad, bringing them into direct connec- 
tion with every railroad entering Buffalo When these works were first erected — 
some fourteen or fifteen years ago — they were completely isolated, but are now sur- 
rounded by many large manufacturing establishments, and by various railroad tracks, 
thus rendering the plant and its location among the most desirable and valuable in the 
vicinity of this city. 

The Buffalo Chemical Works Company was organized and chartered in 1883, with a 
, cash capital of $300,000, and the venture has proved remarkably successful, both as a 
business venture and for the influence it has exerted upon all of those interests related to 
chemistry as a productive industry. Messrs. Albert, M. and F. H. Kalbfleisch, respect- 
ively president and vice-president, reside in New York, where they own and operate 
extensive works of the same kind. Mr. Theo. V. Fowler, secretary and treasurer, has 
the general management, assisted by a competent corps of practical chemists and 
about one hundred skilled workmen and laboiers. The specialties comprise a superior 
line of acids, embracing high grade sulphuric, nitric, muriatic, acetic, mixed acids for 
explosives, etc., together with best qualities alum, ammonia, tin crystals, glauber salts, 
salsoda, bicarbonate and sulphate soda for glass manufacturers, etc., for which they 
have a ready demand in all the markets of the United States and Canada. In fact, they 
have not been able hitherto to meet the growing request for their acids, but expect, 
with the increase of their plant and the aid of the new stills referred to, to be able in 
the future to fill all orders as fast as received. 

The works turn out immense quantities of products, as may be inferred from the 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



tti pan y maintain a large number of tank cars, constructed especially for 

Their supplies <>f material come from widely distributed sources — the brim- 

from Sicily, tli<* alum clay from France, the nitrate of soda from Chili, etc. 

Mr. Fowler, the manager, is an expert manufacturing chemist, a perfect man of 

and an accomplished gentleman. He came hither from New York and took 

charge of the works at their inception, and is devoted to his calling and the interests 

of his company. 




A. NEUPERT & CO., 

Importers and Jobbers of Paper Hangings, Window Shades and Fixtures, 
I l, Mir Oil Cloths, Room and Picture Mouldings, Mats, Mattings, etc.— 
Palace of Trade Building, Xos. 404 and 466 Main and 271 and 273 
Pearl St. 

This splendid establishment, founded about 
the year 1868 by Messrs Robinson & Korzelius, 
passed into the hands of the present proprietors 
in 1876, since which time it has flourished as 
never before, enlarging its sphere of operations 
and gaining thousands of new patrons at home 
and abroad, while 'retaining the confidence and 
custom of the old ones. 

The Young Men's Association building, a 
portion of which was so long occupied by them, 
having been remodeled for other purposes, on 
the first of November last Messrs. Neupert & Co. 
removed to their present quarters, the north 
half of the superb Palace of Trade building, 
Nos. 464 and 466 Main street, 22 feet front by 235 
feet deep to Pearl street, of which they occupy 
the first floor and basement. The arrangements 
for the transaction of a large and growing 
business are very complete, each department 
larated from all others and a perfect 
itself, the polite and attentive proprie- 
tors, seconded by skillful and obliging salesmen, 
giving personal and prompt attention to all customers and visitors. 

The stock, always full and fresh, embraces all standard goods and imported and 
domestic novelties in artistic and plain paper hangings, bronzes, embossed and solid 
gilts, borders and friezes, ceiling decorations, window shades and fixtures of every kind 
and price, floor oil cloths, gold and silver gilt room and picture mouldings, imported 
and American mats and mattings, and, in short, everything in the line of house deco- 
rations for which there is any demand. Having unusual advantages in the way of 
special arrangements with home and foreign manufacturers, this house is at all times 
enabled to supply the trade with the latest styles and patterns promptly and at the 
lowest prices. 

Messrs. Neupert & Co. have a large and rapidly increasing trade at home, as well as 
throughout this and adjoining States, their last year's sales aggregating over $200,000. 
They employ an average of thirty men in all departments, four of whom are regularly 
on the road in New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Michigan and Canada, surely and 
steadily extending their connection into new territory year by year. 

Mr. A. Neupert, the senior member and financier of the firm, is of German birth, 
has resided in Buffalo for more than thirty-five years, and has been in this house since 
its organization, previous to which he was for some years a member of R. W. Bell & Co., 
and one of its originators. Mr. P. Metzen, jr. , was born in Buffalo; formerly in the 
dry goods trade, but has had sixteen or seventeen years' experience in paper hangings 
and kindred goods. He has charge of the interior decorations department. Mr. J. C. 
Lutz looks after the wholesale department. He also is a native Buffalonian, formerly 
in the book and dry goods line. For the past eighteen or nineteen years he has been 
handling the same line of goods in which he is now interested. This is a reliable and 
liberal house, and deserves the marked success that has attended its efforts to gratify a 
cultivated taste and make Buffalo a metropolitan market for art decorations. 



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THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



157 



ROSEDALE FLORAL HALL. 



Mrs. J. Hale, Florist and Dealer in Birds, Cages, Seeds, Gold Fish, 
Aquaria, Globes, etc. — No. 174 Pearl St., near Niagara. 

Mrs. Hale, formerly a successful and popular market gardener, possessed of natural 
artistic taste and a love of the beautiful, established herself as a florist in 1871, at the 
corner of Eagle and Washington streets. For two years previously she had been culti- 
vating flowers on a liberal scale at her four large green-houses at the western end of West 
Seneca, near the lake shore, and was therefore well prepared with ample stocks upon 
which to draw. With a wide acquaintance among the best people of the city, great 
skill and aptitude and remarkable business talent and tact, Mrs. Hale necessarily pros- 
pered — so much so that in 1880 she removed to more commodious quarters at No. 4 North 
Division, and later, her good fortune continuing, in 1883 she again removed, this time to 
the handsome and elegantly arranged storeroom No. 174 Pearl street, which she still 
occupies. Her green-houses, four in number, are each 20 by 100 feet, built, heated, venti- 
lated and conducted upon scientific principles and filled with a wilderness of the rarest, 
sweetest and most popular plants, buds and blossoms, from which her customers are sup- 
plied with all the latest designs of floral decorations and tributes for presents, parties, wed- 
dings, funerals, and all occasions to which flowers are appropriate, together with cut 
flowers, potted plants, Cape flowers, natural grasses, pampas plumes, immortelles, 
pressed ferns, autumn leaves, and all novelties in floral favors. A large and varied 
assortment of baskets, new styles in terra cotta ware, flower seeds, etc., form a portion 
of her stock, while she makes a leading specialty of canary birds and gold fish, and 
cages, globes and food for the same, doing in all a business of about $15,000 a year. 

Mrs. Hale was born in Buffalo, manages her own business, and is an ardent student 
and admirer of flowers and birds. She is ably seconded in her efforts to please and ben- 
efit the public by her two polite and enegetic sons, George D. and F. S., the former of 
whom, a floral artist of high repute, has charge of the salesroom and designing depart- 
ment, while the latter, an educated Horticulturist, manages the green-houses. 



F. H. C. MEY, 

Manufacturer of Mey's Patent Grain Dryer and Cooler ; also, of Improved 
Detachable and Semi-Detachable Chain Belting for the Transmission 
of Power in Mills, Elevators, etc., and Elevator Buckets — Nos. 64 to 68 
Columbia St. 




Mr. F. H. C. Mey, the inventor and patentee of the grain dryer and chain belting 
that bear his name, is an ingenious mechanic and devoted student of the arts relating 
to mechanics. He is a native of Erfurt, Prussia, and came to Buffalo in 1854. Ten 
years later he constructed and patented his first grain dryer, and for the past twenty- 






THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



has been constantly improving upon the original idea, until now it stands 
unrivaled for simplicitv, capacity and effectiveness. The above cut conveys a very clear 
idea of tbe dryer, which is constructed upon the principle of subjecting the grain to 
heat and motion, and is composed of a series of lengthwise-vibrating sheet-iron pans six 
to eight inches deep and provided with perforated covers. The grain or other substance 
to be dried is deposited upon the top pan by meaus of elevator No. 1, and then, by the 
vibration of the pans, passes from one to the other until it reaches the bottom, heated 
uir being forced into the pans and into contact with the grain, malt, etc., by means of a 
fan, at a pressure of one to five ounces per square inch, and, when dry, is carried by 
elevator No. 2 to the cooler, and from there to place of storage or shipment. 




WIEY'S CHAIN BELTING 



Elevating,Driving and Conveying 
Purposes. 



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The above cut illustrates Mr. Mey's improved detachable and semi-detachable chain 
belting, patented 1876, for driving machinery, elevating and conveying malt, grain, brew- 
ers' grains, sawdust, tan-bark, coal, coke, stone, clay, phosphates, chemicals, fertilizers, 
and other heavy substances requiring great power for their movement, for which pur- 
poses it is unequaled. 

Mr. Mey is also the inventor and manufacturer of a variety of mill and elevator 
appliances, including elevator boots, Buffalo Champion elevator buckets, conveyors, 
etc., for descriptions of which we have not space in these pages. Illustrated catalogues 
will be mailed to all interested parti*- s who apply. 

Mr. Mey's devices are unreservedly indorsed by the officers of the Buffalo Board of 
Trade and by most of the leading elevator men, millers, maltsters, coal dealers, brick 
manufacturers, insurance agents, etc., of this city. 



VOSBURGH, WHITING & CO., 

Wholesale Booksellers and Stationers— Importers of Albums and Fancy 
Goods— No. 304 Main St. 

Vosburgh, Whiting & Co. is the only wholesale book and stationery firm in Buffalo, 
and, having exclusive control of the market tributary to this city, do a very heavy 
business with the retail trade, local and country. They occupy the entire four-story 
business building at No. 304 Main street, which with basement, 20 feet front and 90 
feet deep, is none too large for their requirements. They carry an immense stock of all 
goods in their line, embracing all standard library and educational works — history, 
travels, philosophy, .science, poetry and romance, together with heavy lines of blank 
books for all purposes, scrap books, toy books, etc., and an infinite variety of stationery 
of all kinds for business and correspondence, fancy papeteries. office supplies, etc. , all of 
the most careful selections, best grades and latest styles. The firm also import direct 
every description of novelties in photograph, autograph and souvenir albums, of which 
tliej make a specialty, and are prepared to offer as fine goods at as reasonable prices as 
can be obtained in New York city. Their travelers cover all of Western New York 
and Pennsylvania, and the house is building up a large and flourishing trade, their 

for the past year aggregating about $150,000. 
Messrs. John L. Vosburgh, DuMonte A. Whiting and Willis P. Whiting compose 
the linn. All are young men of great industry and capacity, and all from Rochester, 

, where Messrs. Vosburgh and W. P. Whiting gained their practical knowledge 
of the business, both having traveled for Rochester's leading book and stationery 
house. 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



159 



FjE IMjfl 



rjm Dress Drapery 
W&* Upholstery 

m i r TRIMMINGS 



GEORGE M. KYLE, 

Wholesale Manufacturer of Dress, Upholstery and Drapery Trimmings— 
"Works, Cor. Washington and Clinton Sts. ; Office, Room 46 Arcade 
Building. 

A moment's reflection will convince any one 
that the above business — the manufacture of 
trimmings — must aggregate a vast amount an- 
nually, whether measured by quantity or value, 
and that it is, in fact, a very important industry. 
Mr. George M. Kyle, formerly book-keeper for 
H. J. Comstock, lounge manufacturer (now Hol- 
land & Vilas), was the first to recognize in Buffalo 
an advantageous site for the establishment of 
a modern trimmings factory, and, seizing the 
opportunity presented by the retirement of 
Frederick Hiages and his son William, who, for twenty years, had struggled under 
difficulties in the same line, purchased, remodeled and refitted the plant at Washing- 
ton and Clinton streets, in the Arcade building, in 1886, and has already made a 
pronounced success of the new venture, employing a competent force of skilled 
operatives, and supplying the trade of Buffalo and vicinity with the best and most 
elegant goods in his line, sales for the first year reaching $10,000 in value, with 
prospects of a rapid increase. 

Mr. Kyle's office is in room 46, Arcade building, convenient and inviting. His 
sales-rooms adjoin, and buyers of trimmings of any description, for dresses, cloaks, 
upholstery, etc., fringes, tassels and kindred goods, will find what they want here in 
every grade. A specialty is made of making goods to order, and duplicates of any 
desired pattern are made at short notice and satisfaction guaranteed. 



THE ACADEMY OF MUSIC. 



Meech Bros., Proprietors— Nos. 245 to 249 Main St. 

The Academy of Music is Buffalo's dramatic temple par excellence. It was 
originally erected about the year 1855 by Henry T. Meech, father of the present owners, 
who died in 1870 after a managerial career of half a century — a career full of event and 
of interest, during which he became the intimate associate of most of the celebrities of 
his time, including the elder Booth, Forrest and scores of the greater lights of tragedy 
and comedy. On his decease he was succeeded by his sons, Henry L. and John H., both 
natives of Albany, born in a theatrical atmosphere and literally bred to dramatic man- 
agement, both in the office and on the stage. The Meech Brothers have had long and 
valuable experience in their vocation, and have brought out several of the most suc- 
cessful and popular ornaments of the American stage — among them Joe Emmett, as a 
reminder and souvenir of which each carries a magnificent gold chronometer presented 
by " Unser Fritz" as a mark of gratitude and regard, he having made the first appear- 
ance of his remarkable career under their management in 1869. 

As before stated, the elder Meech built this theatre, naming it the Metropolitan. 
He also built the Rochester opera-house in 1868. On the accession of the sons in 1870 
the name was changed to the Academy of Music, under which it became one of the 
most famous places of amusement in this country, outgrowing its capacity and accom- 
modations. Consequently, in 1882, the entire establishment was remodeled, the entrance 
brought around from Washington to Main street, the stage and auditorium reconstructed 
throughout, and everything that good taste, artistic and mechanical skill, backed by 
ample resources, could do was done to render the Academy commodious, attractive and 
comfortable. The building, three stories on Main and four on Washington, is 200 feet 
deep, 51 feet front on the former and 70 feet front on the latter street, and is an archi- 
tectural ornament to the city. The property belongs to the brothers, who are noted 
for public spirit and enterprise, popular with the people at home, and well-known and 
popular among the theatrical profession from San Francisco to London. 

The best attractions on the road, embracing both the legimate drama and opera, are 
regularly presented on the boards of the Academy, and the most eminent actors and 
singers appear here when they visit Buffalo. 






THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



SIBLEY & HOLMWOOD, 



The Buffalo Steam Confectionery Works— Manufacturers 
Special Confectionery— Southwest corner Seneca and 



of Staple and 
Wells Sts. 



The city of Buffalo, among 
its varied and numerous in- 
dustries, boasts one of the 
most extensive manufacto- 
ries of confectionery in the 
United States — that of Sibley 
& Holmwood, whose elegant 
four-story brick building, 
fronting 50 feet on Seneca 
with a depth of 100 feet on 
Wells street, is herewith 
illustrated. The concern was 
founded by the present pro- 
prietors in 1873, at No. 133 
Seneca street, removing to No. 
Ill Seneca street in 1876, and 
to the present location, erect- 
ed specially for the purpose, 
in 1880. The house has been 
a prosperous one from the 
start, Mr. Frank Sibley hav- 
ing had many years' experi- 
ence as a traveler for leading 
confectioners, and Mr. James 
Holmwood being thoroughly 
conversant with the business 
for six or seven years pre- 
vious to the formation of the 
firm. 

The firm of Sibley & Holm- 
wood employ from 175 to 200 
operatives in all departments, 
besides the finest and most 
complete equipment of ma- 
chinery suitable for the busi- 
ness to be found in Western 
New York, turning out some 
$800,000 worth of goods an- 
nually. They make a spe- 
cialty of penny goods, and 
probably produce and sell more of them than any other house in the United States, 
finding eager customers all over the East, West, North and South as far as Baltimore. 

That the house is in a flourishing condition is evidenced by the fact that in order to 
keep up with their orders they have been compelled to lease two great upper floors of 
the adjoining building, each 35 by 100 feet, for manufacturing and storage purposes. 




GUS. E. KURTZ, 



Fashionable Tailor— Xo. lO East Eagle St. 

Mr. Kurtz came to Buffalo from New York, of which latter city he is a native, in 
1881, and established himself at his present location in 1885, having been for a year 
previous at No. lit:; Seneca street. He lias a very handsome store, occupying the ground 
floor of the large four-story building at No. lOEast Eagle street, 25 feet front and 40 
feel deep. He employs a full force of skillful operative tailors, and does a large busi- 
ness with the fashionable people of Buffalo and some Western cities. 

Mr Kurtz has a thorough practical knowledge of custom tailoring in all its details, 
Is aii energetic, enterprising and industrious gentleman, and gives his large and growing 
circle of patrons entire satisfaction in quality, style and prices. 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



161 



THE DEMPSTER ENGINE WORKS, 



Manufacturers of and Dealers in Engines, Boilers and Machinery— Nos. 34, 
36, 38 and 40 Washington St. 




This leading industrial establishment 
was founded by Mr. Robert Dempster in 
1855, and has had several changes of style, 
under each of which its reputation has 
become more and more generally known, 
and its status as a representative house 
more firmly fixed. The leading specialty 
is the Dempster vertical engine and boiler 
combined, made in four sizes from three 
to four, six and ten-horse power. They 
are constructed on the old plan of dura- 
bility — the boilers of wrought iron and 
steel plate (no cast iron used) ; three-horse 
power can be run at a cost of two cents 
per hour, and occupies only 24 by 42 inches 
of floor space. The highest grade of sci- 
entific and mechanical skill have been lav- 
ished upon its perfection. This engine 
requires no more attention than an ordinary 
heating stove, is strong, safe and compact, 
and remarkably cheap — half of former 
price. The subjoined table gives dimen- 
sions and capacity of the Dempster vertical 
engines and boilers : 



S 

| 


O 

C 

<D 

O 




— o 

§50 


s- <— — - 

a) o a* 
£ ~> 
ft 


Diameter and 
Face of Pulley. 


Revolutions per 
Minute. 


O 

si 

l« 


<M 

O £ 

"Sb'5 

'IB 


2* 

5 S 


o 
at a> 

£> 3 
3^ 


o 

— u 

"3)3 

3 


o 

si 

a) = 

5 


: ^ 

To 


Price F. O. B. 
Cars Here. 


1 


3 


4 


4 


16x4 


10x4 


200 


20 


48 


16 


20 


15 


2 


900 


$225 00 


2 


4 


4 


6 


20X4 


12X4 


175 


24 


60 


18 


30 


24 


2 


1500 


3C0 00 


3 


6 


5 


6 


20 X 4 


14X4 


160 


28 


60 


20 


36 


28 


2 


1700 


350 00 


4 





7 


8 


36 X 6 


18 X 6 


150 


34 


60 


24 


44 


34 


2 


2400 


525 00 



Parties in want of economical and serviceable engines will do well to address the 
Dempster Engine Works, Mos. 34 to 40 Washington street, Buffalo, N. Y. The works 
are very complete in all departments, employ a fine line of improved modern machinery 
and many first-class workmen, and are prepared to fill all orders promptly and in the 
best manner. The past history of the house is the best guarantee of its future. 






THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



CITY AND TIFFT ELEVATORS. 



V Y. C. & H. R. Railroad Co., Proprietors; J. W. Whitney, Manager— City 
Elevator, loot of Michigan St.; Tifft Elevator, foot of Chicago St. 




these great elevators than could be conveyed 
Constructed with special reference to the handl 
vessels to railroad cars, and 
provided with the latest im- 
proved and most powerful 
machinery, both for elevat- 
ing purposes and the hand- 
ling of cars, nothing desira- 
ble has been neglected in 
their equipment. 

Mr. J. W. Whitney, the 
manager, is a member of the 
grain commission firm of 
Whitnev & Gibson, rooms 
14 and 15 Board of Trade, 
and a resident of Rochester. 
a thorough business 
man of great capacity and 
large experience, and con- 
ducts the affairs of the City 
and Tifft elevators to the 
satisfaction of shippers and 
railroad company alike. The 
< 't-nt nil Railroad Company 
is to be congratulated upon 
securing the services of so 
competent and popular a 
manager, whose best efforts 
are given to the service of 
its patrons. 



by 

ing 



These two superb ele- 
vators are among the 
most conspicuous in this 
port. The City elevator 
was erected by the New 
York Central & Hudson 
River Railroad Company 
in 1866, and has storage 
capacity for 550,000 
bushels of grain. The 
Tifft elevator, built in 
1867 by the late George 
W. Tifft, and purchased 
by the railroad company 
in 1873, is of 270,000 
bushels capacity. Both 
together are capable of 
handling, in first-class 
style, 25,000,000 bushels 
annually, and, being 
located directly upon 
the Buffalo river and 
railroad tracks, have 
every requisite for the 
receipt and shipment of 
grain. Our engravings 
give a better idea of the 
appearance and extent of 

any amount of descriptive writing. 

of bulk grain, its transfer from lake 




THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



163 



THE BRUNSWICK-BALKE-COLLENDER CO., 

Manufacturers of Billiard and Pool Tables, Bar Fixtures and Bowling 
Alley Outfits— Buffalo Office, Nos. 587 and 589 Main St. 

The Buffalo branch office of the Brunswick-Balke Collender Co. was opened in June, 
1881, for the successful handling of the business in this city and surrounding territory. 
The magnitude of the operations of this company can be inferred from the fact that branch 
offices are maintained in all the leading cities. There are thirty of these, including two 
in Canada, and at each a complete stock is carried. For a long time the rivalry between 
the J. M. Brunswick & Balke Company and the H. W. Collender Company was sharp. 
They were the acknowledged leaders in the manufacture of billiard tables, and each left 
nothing undone to bring out some new or novel feature. The stimulus which this 
rivalry gave to a proper cultivation of the gentlemanly game of billiards is well known. 
The best talent in the country was brought to the front in tournaments and exhibi- 
tions, until it seemed as if the possibilities of the game were unlimited. The consoli- 
dation of these two great establishmenta resulted in advantages to both and the trade 
as well. It enlarged the scope of the new company's operations and at the same time 
largely reduced expenses, which, as a matter of course, was immediately felt by the 
trade. The manufacturing establishments of the consolidated company, at New York, 
Chicago and Cincinnati, are ample for all requirements of the trade, which extends 
into several foreign countries. Mr. A. G. Frankenstein is the Buffalo agent of the 
company, and has been very successful in that capacity. He was formerly book- 
keeper for the Jo&t Brewing Co., and is a first-class business man. He personally looks 
after the trade of the house, and does it very effectively. 



THE MANSION HOUSE. 



"Wesley Crouch & Co., Proprietors — Exchange St., from Main to Washington. 

The traveler of experience 
usually judges the cities he 
visits by their hotels. This 
fact is so generally recognized 
that public-spirited citizens 
tacitly and with one accord 
yield to the principal and rep- 
resentative hotels everywhere a 
large proportion of their sup- 
port in acknowledgment of the 
influence they exert in attract- 
ing and detaining strangers 
from a distance — tourists for 
business or pleasure — and im- 
pressing them favorably with 
local resources. The old- 
established and popular Man- 
sion House — Buffalo's historical and favorite hostelry of eighty-one years standing — 
has always occupied a position in the front rank of inland hotels, not only because of 
the good cheer dispensed within its hospitable walls, but because of its location and 
convenience to the manufacturing and wholesale districts, the railroad depots, the 
canal, elevators and wharves. 

The present Mansion House site was originally occupied in 1795 b> William John- 
son, the famous British-Indian interpreter, who erected there a log-house. In 1806 
John Crow opened a frontier tavern on the same spot, there being but ten houses in the 
village, and in 1809 a Mr. Landon occupied the same location with Landon's tavern, 
which was used also as a courthouse, and was the principal public house of entertain- 
ment. The house fell a prey to the torch when the gentle British and savages burned 
the village in 1813. The house was subsequently rebuilt, and occupied by Mr. Burton, 
who, in 1825-26, gave it the name which has ever since clung to it. Mr. Burton was 
succeeded by Philip Dorsheimer, and he in regular line by others. The house was 
reconstructed in 1843, and again in 1846, and enlarged and improved from time to time 
until the present commodious and elegant hotel resulted, a six-story, substantial brick 




101 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



building, 10U feet front on Main street by 200 feet on Exchange, completely remodeled 
aboal four years ago and refitted and refurnished in the best manner throughout, with 
l"ii) large, well-lighted and well-ventilated sleeping- rooms, parlors, reading-rooms, 
office, baggage-room, bath-rooms, and all desirable appurtenances, capable of comfort- 
ably accommodating 200 guests. The house stands clear of other buildings; all hall 
ami cross walls are of brick; roof of iron; heated by steam ; lighted by incandescent 
electric lamps throughout ; provided with fire-escapes, and the safest caravansery in 
Buffalo. Electric bells and a fine passenger elevator contribute to the comfort, ease and 
security of patrons. The furniture, furnishings, decorations, etc., are all that could be 
desired, the service first class, the table equal to any in the country, the beds luxurious, 
clean, broad and inviting, the proprietors and clerks polite and obliging, and, to crown 
all, the bills moderate. A skilled painter and paper-hauger is regularly employed the 
year round, and nothing is permitted to suffer from neglect. 

Since Messrs. Wesley Crouch & Co. took charge of the Mansion House, a year and a 
half ago, the patronage has more than doubled — the best possible testimony to the effi- 
ciency and acceptability of their management. A curiosity of the establishment, 
exhibited with pride to visitors, is a receipted bill of a guest, paid Jan. 29, 1840 — forty- 
seven years old — which is framed and hangs in the office. 



J. M. V AN N ORMAN, 

Photographic Parlors and Studio— No. 359 Main St. 

A more interesting place than a photograph 
gallery, for any person who is an admirer of 
the beautiful in art, would be difficult to find. 
Especially is this the case where there is 
such a fine collection of portraits as the 
studio of J. M. Van Norman's contains. Here 
is an illustration of what enterprise combined 
with the necessary business qualifications can 
accomplish. A little over two years ago this 
mm gentleman located at Murdock's old stand, 

No. 359 Main street. He immediately effected 
a complete transformation in the establish- 
ment, and it is now conceded to be one of the 
best equipped galleries in the country. The 
cabinet work executed by Mr. Van Norman 
is unsurpassed in finish. Since his first bid 
for the patronage of citizens of Buffalo and 
vicinity this gentleman has been accorded 
remarkable success. This is due to the fine 
artistic taste exhibited in posing, and that 
happy combination of light and shade which 
secures the best results. During an experi- 
ence of twenty-one years in the business Mr. 
Van Norman has always personally attended 
to finishing all work intrusted to his hands. 
Then again, his prices are an important factor 
in diverting patronage from the older estab- 
lishments. For, instance, cabinets, single 
face, are but .$4 a dozen, while at other places the price ranges up to $8 on work which 
in no particular can claim superiority. In grouping Mr. Van Norman shows his ability 
to great advantage. The writer was shown a group of twenty-two young ladies, 
students at St. Margaret's school, which was in the true artistic sense a gem. In acces- 
sories Mr. Van Norman's studio equals any other in the city. Here are a few of 
them, by way of illustration: Seavey's rustic cottage, rustic. window, Sea vey's well, 
boats, summer house, Mexican hammock, grove, swing, large and small rocks, Seavey's 
rustic stile and steps, interior steps, balustrade, bridge, elegant new rustic seats, circular 
-eat> with tree, new rustic fences with gates, cutter with horse and dog, fine phaeton, 
gas-lamp and rocks for winter, brass instruments, musket, caps, high hats, straw hats, 
fans, parasols, guitar, banjo, violin, fife, music stand ; also any kind of back-ground 
desired— snow scenes, summer scenes, interior and plain grounds. 

Mr. Van Norman is a native of Titusville, Pa. He is certainly entitled to great 
credit for the unsurpassed facilities afforded this city in photography. 




THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



165 



MILLER, GREINER & CO., 



Wholesale Grocers and Produce Dealers — Nos. 

Washington St. 



341, 343, 345 and 347 



The wholesale grocery trade of Buffalo 
is among her leading business interests, 
and the house of Miller, Greiner & Co. is 
one of the most prominent representatives 
of that interest. The house was founded 
by Mr. A. D. A. Miller, who began busi- 
ness at Commercial and Canal streets in 
1834, removing to the foot of Main street 
in 1849. In 1852 the style was changed, on 
the admission of Mr. John Greiner, to A. 
D. A. Miller & Co. Later Messrs. Albert 
C. Miller and Charles Greiner became mem- 
bers of the firm, and the concern was re- 
moved to the present location, where they 
occupied a splendid four-story brick build- 
ing,70 by 175 feet, in 1875, since which time 
they have rapidly developed their trade, 
the transactions now reaching $1,000,000 
to $1,500,000 per annum, and extending 
all over New York, Pennsylvania and Ohio. 
Mr. A. D. A. Miller is a native of Switz- 
erland, coming to Buffalo in 1834. Mr. 
John Greiner came here from Alsace in 
1836, and has been in the grocery business since 1840. Both of these gentlemen were 
for many years members of the Board of Trade. Messrs. Charles Greiner and A. C. 
Miller are natives of Buffalo, the former a brother of Mr. John Greiner. He has been 
in the trade since 1854 and is a director of the Erie County Savings Bank. Mr. A. C. 
Miller is a son of A. D. A. Miller, and as before stated has had a business experience of 
more than twenty one years. 

Messrs. Miller, Greiner & Co. are strictly wholesale dealers in groceries and produce, 
embracing full lines of sugars, coffees, teas, syrups, molasses, dried, smoked, salt and 
pickled fish, soaps, candles, grocers' drugs and sundries, spices, fancy and shelf goods, 
manufactured tobacco and cigars, flavoring extracts, baking powders, whisky, wooden- 
ware, cordage, dried and green fruits, and, in short, everything required by the trade, 
all of the best grades and sold at lowest market quotations. The retail dealer who re- 
plenishes his stock without inspecting the goods and prices of this firm will probably 
make a mistake, as no more liberal or accommodating house, or larger or better assort- 
ment of goods can be found between the Atlantic and Pacific. 




QUEEN CITY SHIRT CO., 

Manufacturers of Gentlemen's White Shirts— Nos. 44 to 48 Exchange St. 

Among the more prominent wholesale manufacturers of shirts, the Queen City Shirt 
Company of Buffalo stands conspicuous. This now flourishing concern was established 
on a modest scale in November of 1881, occupying one floor at Mohawk and Main 
streets. Later, in order to secure increased space and facilities, the factory was 
removed to the Wright block, No. 563 Main street, where, occupying nearly three 
entire floors, employing a large force of hands, and turning out immense quantities of 
superior goods, the company remained for two years and a-half. Again finding them- 
selves cramped for room, they on January 1,1886, took possession of their present 
convenient and commodious premises — three floors, 50 by 105 feet each, of the fine 
building Nos. 44 to 48 Exchange street. Five hundred hands are employed, and it is 
estimated that from $200,000 to $250,000 worth of finished goods will be put upon the 
market per annum. The specialties of this most extensive house of the kind outside 
of New York and Troy embrace all popular grades of gentlemen's fine and medium 
white unlaundried shirts. The firm consume an average of twenty cases of best cotton 
goods per week. All machinery employed is run by steam, and the factory runs steadily 
and with a full force of operatives during ten months of each year, the slack time being 



166 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



June and parts of November and December. A stock of eight to ten thousand dozen 
of shirts is carried, subject to orders at all seasons. Three experienced salesmen are 
constantly on the road, and orders pour in steadily from year's end to year's end from 
all portions of the East, West and South. 

The proprietors are Messrs George P. Raymond, C. S. Guild and M. Nellany. Mr, 
Raymond bus charge of the finances, and is general manager of the manufacturing 
department ; Mr. Guild has charge of the sales and agents, and Mr. Nellany is a silent 
partner, but lends his advice in matters of importance. 

Mr. S. N. Peck is foreman of the principal factory here. Extensive branches are 
maintained at East Buffalo, Tonawanda and Lockport. 

G. ELI AS & BRO., 

Manufacturers and Wholesale Dealers in 'Hard and Soft Timber and Lum- 
ber—General Office, No. 22 West Swan St. ; Yards on Ganson St. 



ri'riijijjaft fa 

u u i 




ywMM 

.■St. jfiSP'"- j«*fc- ---- - m^lm 



The lumber trade is one of Buffalo's leading industries, owing both to the con- 
venience of her location to the pine and hardwood regions, which are easily and 
expeditiously reached by rail and lake, and to the numerous outlets by rail and canal 
leading east, west, north and south. The energy, enterprise and public spirit mani- 
fested by the owners of the various establishments here, devoted to this branch of 
business, has long been a subject of comment, and as an example of the spirit displayed 
in the development of the lumber trade the brilliant career of G. Elias & Bro., No. 22 
West Swan street, supplies an excellent illustration. Since 1875, when this now 
prominent firm was established, their business has steadily expanded territorially and 
in the volume of sales until at this writing it extends from Oregon on the west to 
Liverpool and Glasgow on the east. Their experience and skill in the manufacture and 
Bale of this product, with their thorough knowledge of every possible detail of the 
business, reinforced by their wonderful sources of supply — owning and operating five 
mills of their own in Pennsylvania, Ohio and Kentucky, sawing millions of feet annu- 
ally in order to keep pace with the demand — with their vast trade constantly increasing, 
Bhows that even the full measure of prosperity so far vouchsafed the house will be 
surpassed in its future business operations. 

ti. Elias & Bro.'s docks and yard, located on Ganson street, extend over several 
acres of ground, and are admirably located with reference to the receipt and shipment 
as well as storage of lumber and timber, both by rail and water. The firm carry 
immense stocks of hardwood and pine in all grades and of every description, employ 
a large force of men, and make a specialty of sawing to order pine, hemlock and oak 
bill stuff for the trade, and with the possession of unexcelled facilities are prepared to 
fill orders, large or small, carefully and promptly, a fact that will be cheerfully attested 
by all old and new patrons, whose name and number is legion, both at home and 
abroad, their sales averaging three quarters of a million dollars annually. 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 167 




DR. E. S. BURNHAM, OPTICIAN, 

No. 390 Main St. 

None save those who have lost it can fully appreciate the 
value of good eyesight, nor can any one outside the profession 
measure the difficulties that lie in the way of successful treat- 
ment of diseases of the eye and even partial restoration of im- 
paired sight. Diseases of the organs of vision, too, are on the 
increase., as may be seen by the constantly augmenting number 
of those who, for one reason or another, are compelled to resort 
to the use of glasses at an age when the eyes of our fathers and 
grandfathers were at their best — it being nothing unusual to 
meet very young children bo afflicted. The causes are doubtless to be found in the 
altered modes of life that now obtain — late hours, strong artificial lights, too close ap- 
plication to study, etc. ; whatever they are, the fact remains that we are fast becoming 
a purblind people, and the only remedies at hand are an abandonment of our social and 
reading habits or resort to the optician — for medical and surgical science offer us but 
temporary relief at least, and skillfully fitted glasses present the only practicable hope 
for those whose eyes exhibit symptoms of deterioration. 

Of the numerous eminent professional gentlemen residing in Buffalo few have a wider, 
more enviable or better deserved reputation in their several pursuits than has Prof. E. S. 
Burnham, the well-known and successful optician at No. 390 Main street. Dr. Burn- 
ham is a native of Vermont, but has made his home and practiced his profession here 
for the past six years or so, building up a first-class fame, more particularly for his 
success in fitting every description of weak and diseased eyes with spectacles and eve- 
glasses— a branch of his art of which he makes a specialty and in which he has no "su- 
perior, as is attested by the fact that much of his best patronage comes from the Eastern 
States, while he has a constantly growing clientele all over the Union. Prof. Burnham 
carries a superb assortment of gold and other frames, and the largest and most varied 
stock of axis pebble and Paris-white crystal glasses ever brought to Buffalo, which he 
fits upon actual examination of the eyes, risking no haphazard guess as to suitability 
in any case. He makes a leading specialty of preparing glasses for sufferers from 
myopia, presbyopia, kypermetropia, dispiopia and astigmatism, and his success in the 
treatment of these affections is the best guarantee of his scientific and professional 
knowledge. Parties troubled with difficulties of vision, arising from whatever cause, 
will find Prof. Burnham prepared to afford them relief and render the most satisfactory 
aid possible from a thorough knowledge of the subject and practically unlimited 
mechanical and scientific resources. 



E. G ALLAG HER, 

Forwarding and Commission Merchant— No. 61 Pearl St. 

Of the old-established and well-known forwarders and commission merchants of 
Buffalo, Mr. E. Gallagher, No. 61 Pearl street, is one of the most conspicuous. Mr. Q. 
first embarked in canal forwarding in 1860 as a member of the firm of Joseph Carley 
& Co., composed of Messrs. Joseph Carley, James Jamison, William Foot (now de- 
ceased), and Mr. Gallagher. Two years later Mr. Foot retired, and the late Gilbert 
Candee succeeded to the vacancy. After three years more Mr. Carley withdrew, the 
style becoming E. Gallagher & Co., S. A. Gillespie being admitted. This firm was dis- 
solved at the end of three years, Mr. Gallagher conducting the business on his individual 
account until 1867, when the firm of Lothridge, Gallagher & Co., composed of A. L. 
Lothridge, E. Gallagher and the late Jeff. Collins of Troy, was organized. This firm 
was dissolved by the death of Mr. Collins in the autumn of 1881. The following spring 
saw the formation of the firm of Gallagher, Bissell & Co., composed of E. Gallagher, 
A. A. Bissell and James Mulhall, jr. This firm also was dissolved, in 1884, and since' 
that time Mr. Gallagher has had no partner. He does a very extensive business in the 
forwarding of freights — grain, lumber, coal, iron, stone, oil, etc. — from the various lake 
ports to Troy, Albany, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and all intermediate points, 
is agent for a considerable fleet of canal craft, gives through rates when desired, and 
makes a point of handling all freights promptly and satisfactorily to shippers. His 
agents and consignees are as follows: David Taylor, No. 14 South street, New York ; 
F. O. Potter, West Troy and Albany ; A. N. Pomeroy, Utica. 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 

C. P. CHURCHILL'S SONS, 

Wholesale and Retail Grocers— No. 120 East Seneca st. 

The grocery trade is one of the few branches of business in which every man, 
woman and child in the world is directly interested, for it caters to the wants of all 

alike the rich, the poor, the old, the young, of all conditions, colors and sizes, without 

reference to religious belief or political bias. The grocer, and more especially the 
wholesale grocer, is the missionary of home comfort, the apostle of good cheer, and 
above all men should be honest, just and liberal, for upon him depends the health and 
happiness of a vast constituency. And, happily for us all, the wholesale grocer js 
usually an upright and faithful servant of the public. 

Probably the oldest wholesale house of this kind now in existence here is that of 
C. P. Churchill's Sons, No. 120 East Seneca street, founded by Mr. C. P. Churchill in 
1840, the first stand being at Main and Ellicott square. Later he removed to Main and 
Court streets, then to Main and Mohawk, and in 1870 to the present location. There 
have also been several changes in the style, which was first C. P. Churchill, then 
Churchill & Parker, then Churchill & Co., then C. P. Churchill again, from 1878 to 1879 ; 
then C. P. Churchill & Sons, and finally, in 1885, on the death of the senior member, the 
firm as it now stands succeeded. In all the years of its existence, nearly half a cen- 
tury, the house has maintained a first-class reputation for fair and liberal dealing, and 
has prospered accordingly, the annual sales now reaching about $100,000. The premises 
now occupy three floors and basement, 25 by 80 feet, and the stock, as well selected as 
any ever brought to this market, comprises full lines of staple and fancy groceries — 
sugars, coffees, teas, house-keeping goods, provisions, flour, molasses, syrups, imported 
and American luxuries, canned and shelf goods — in short, everything usually found 
in an establishment of the kind, of the best quality, fresh, pure and wholesome. 

C. P. Churchill's Sons are prepared to make lowest quotations to the trade for all 
goods in their line, making specialties of foreign and domestic green and dried fruits, 
teas, coffees and spices, butter and cheese of highest grades, and canned goods of all 
kinds. 

The Churchills come of revolutionary New England stock, their great-grandfather 
having fallen in that great struggle. Their grandfather was also a soldier, taking part 
in the war of 1812. At the age of twenty-two their father embarked in business here. 
At that time Buffalo numbered but about 6,500 inhabitants. During his forty-eight 
years of active business life it has grown to over 200,000 inhabitants. He also had the 
satisfaction of seeing the unpretentious retail business of long ago expand and 
flourish until to-day the wholesale department as well as the retail is something to be 
proud of. 

JOHN C. DUNHAM, 

Manufacturer of Fine Shirts to Order— Proprietor of Dunham's Steam 
Ijaundry — Nos. 60 and 62 Niagara St. 

A neat-fitting, well-made fine shirt, perfectly laundried, is the supreme requisite of 
a gentleman's toilet, the lack of which cannot be compensated. The art of shirt-making 
has taken wonderful strides of late years, and all who wish — and who does not '? — may 
indulge in elegant linen at very small outlay. Ready-made shirts are sold for a song 
everywhere, and do very well for those whose means are limited, or whose tastes are 
easily gratified; but the better and more particular class are not so easily satisfied, and 
require shirts made to measure that minister to the wearer's comfort, and can be 
depended upon not to go to pieces in the hands of the laundress. The experienced and 
tasty shirt manutacturer, therefore, is certain of liberal support and a steady trade, let 
the times be what they may. Such an one is Mr. John C. Dunham, Nos. 60 and 62 
Niagara street, who learned the trade in his father's large factory at Troy. Coming here 
in lH7i, he was with the well-known old house of S. N. Lawrence & Son for five years, 
establishing himself on his own account in 1877. In October, 1880, he admitted a 
partner, the firm being Dunham & Shepherd; in March, 1882, Mr. Shephard withdrew, 
since which time Mr. Dunham has conducted the business alone and with remarkable 
success. He has removed several times, but now has a very desirable location, occupy- 
ing two floors, 47 by 100 feet, running a first-class laundry in connection with his shirt 
factory, employing some fourteen hands, and doing an annual business of over $12,000 
— the laundry being a very popular one in and around the city, and the shirt trade 
extending all over the United States. A flourishing branch is maintained at No. 78 
East Eagle street. 



TEE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



109 



B1CKFORD & FRANCIS, 



Manufacturers of t lie Celebrated "B 
Pure Oak-Tanned Leather Belting 
Nos. 53 and 55 Exchange St. 



C. and D." Brand Strictly Short-Lap 
and Hose, the Very Best Produced— 




With the development of the country and the 
establishment of new manufacturing enterprises the 
demand for all classes of machinery and equipments 
is constantly augmenting, and with experience own- 
ers of industrial plants learn that in the purchase of 
supplies, as in other matters, the best is the cheapest 
and always makes the best returns for the outlay. 
The march of improvement, too, is not confined to 
any one particular path, but ramifies every avenue 
of effort, so that a forward step in one direction is in- 
variably but the precusor of a like stride in another. 
Thus it is that in milling and other industries em- 
ploying steam the crude and feeble and uncertain 
eng'ine of an earlier date is superseded by new forms 
and appliances that economize fuel, time and labor, 
and supply vastly enhanced power at even less ex- 
penditure of space and fuel. The same rule holds 
true in the transmission of power, and the broad , 
strong and reliable belt, constructed upon correct 
principles and capable of withstanding almost any 
strain, has replaced the crooked, unsafe and exas- 
perating devices with which our progenitors were 

PllJ 4111 all SSI forced to** content 

Yet there are belts and belts. While most of 
those now made are excellent both in material and 
workmanship, it is nevertheless a fact that some of 
them are immeasurably superior to others. Take, 
for example, the two pieces illustrated herewith. 
The first is the old style, square-cornered lap in 
general use ; the corners on both sides give way first, 
the dirt and oil find their way between the iivets, causing a grinding effect, and in a 
short time the belt requires a new splice. On the opposite side of the page is shown 
a joint of the " B. C. & D." belting of Messrs. Bickford & Francis, Nos. 53 and 5o Ex 
change street, this city. The superi- 
ority of this lap must be evident to the 
most superficial observer. Speaking of 
these belts Messrs. Bickford & Francis 
say in a recent circular: 

" We are aware of the prices offered 
by various makers of oak-tanned belt- 
ing, and we can furnish grades to meet 
any competition ; but it is not economy 
to be governed entirely by price in pur- 
chasing belt. The best is the cheapest. 
We can make from 30 per cent, to 40 
per cent, more belting from a given lot 
of leather, where price is the consid- 
eration, than where it is of the first 
importance to make a perfect belt, and 
yet both will look equally well to most 
men, but in buying the ' B. C. & D.' 
brand you avoid the loss of time and 
vexation caused by inferior quality. 
Our belts are made from the center of 
the heaviest and best selected pure 
oak-tanned hides, and we cut and stretch 
our leather in narrower strips than other makers, thus making more waste, which does 
not show in the manufactured belt, but becomes very apparent when put into use. 
If you want our belting call for it, and don't be put off by accepting an inferior article, 

11 




6ELT$H0S£ 



PATENTED ., 

Bickford$Francis 

2 - 19 - 78 






Til E INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 




v OOKJPO >c? 






BELT&HOSE 



!W 



w 



Any denier can get it for yon if you insist upon having it. You can, however, order 
from factory, and nil orders will have prompt attention and shipment. We make 
a specialty of large driv- 
ing belts and can furnish 
promptly all kinds of 
single and double belt- 
ing from one half incli to 
til inches wide. We 
would like your order 

for a trial of our belt in the hardest place you have — 
then if we suit you in price and quality we would like 
your trade. We challenge any manufacturer in the 
world to produce belting superior to our ' B. C. & D.' 
brand belt." 

This house was founded by Bickford & Curtiss in 
184G, and has always ranked high in the trade, doing 
a business at this time of some $250,000 per annum, 
covering a vast territory from ocean to ocean and from the lakes to the Mississippi. 
Mr. K. H. Bickford, still taking an active part in the business, has been connected 
with it forty years. Mr. William C. Francis, the junior partner, was one of the 
founders of the Francis Axe Co. of Buffalo, and is still interested in a similar concern 
near Buffalo. Both are liberal, energetic, enterprising gentlemen and worthy citizens, 
who have contributed much to bring Buffalo up to her present proud mercantile and 
manufacturing position. 



W. C. TIFFANY, 

Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Picture Frames, Mirrors, Mouldings, 
Brackets, etc., etc. — Nos. 233, 235 and 237 Seneca St. 

Much of the beauty of our homes, hotels, places of public resort, etc., is referable 
to the pictures and mirrors that adorn the walls, and which in their turn are set off to 
more or less advantage as good or bad taste is exercised in the selection of frames. In 
our time there is no reason why every production of the painters', engravers' or pho- 
tographers' art should not be appropriately mounted, since the manufacture of frames 
has attained a perfection never before dreamed of, and every city of any pretensions 
has one or more establishments devoted in whole or in part to the sale and fitting of 
these goods. 

Buffalo's leading picture and mirror frame house is that of W. C. Tiffany, Nos. 233, 
235 and 237 Seneca street, established in 1872, occupying a three-story brick building, 
66 feet front by 80 feet deep, and doing an annual business of $30,000 to $40,000, sup- 
plying the trade and many retail buyers of Buffalo and Western New York as well as 
adjacent portions of Canada. 

In addition to his fine taste in such matters, Mr. Tiffany has had many years of prac- 
tical experience in supplying these goods, and is remarkably successful in executing 
commissions for rare goods in his line. His stock of frames and mouldings is always 
the largest in the city, and embraces all styles from the richest to the plainest. 



SCHLEE & STEPHAN, 

Proprietors of North Buffalo Box and Heading Works— Nos. 2084, 2086 

and 2088 Niagara St. 

Tin house was established in 1878 by Ternier & Schlee, to whom the present firm 
soon after succeeded. They have premises 80 by 100 feet, on which is a convenient and 
well-appointed two-and-a-half story factory, 40 'by 60 feet, employing some twenty-five 
ban. Is and turning out from $15,000 to $20,000 worth of finished boxes and heading per 
annum, for which thej find ready sale in Buffalo and vicinity, their goods being popu- 
lar witli consumers. Mr. George Schlee is a native of Buffalo, aged 33, and has had 
long experience in his present business. Mr. Herman Stephan was born in Germany in 
184 I. came to Buffalo in 1854, and has been a journeyman cooper and teamster ; saved 
.rnings.and was enabled to purchase an interest with Mr. Schlee. Both are indus- 
trious, worthy men, and church members. 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 171 

D. E. MO RGAN & SON, 

Exclusive Jobbers and Dealers in Carpets, Drapery and Upholstery Goods, 
Oil Cloths, Mattings, Feathers, etc.— No. 259 Main St. 

Messrs. D. E. Morgan & Son, whose elegant and beautifully appointed establishment 
is an ornament to Buffalo's principal business thoroughfare, are the only exclusive dealers 
in the line of goods above enumerated west of New York, and are the most famous 
merchants in their specialties in the United States, with perhaps one or two exceptions. 
This business house fronts 25 feet on both Main and Washington streets, extending 
200 feet from thoroughfare to tboro ugh fare, and is five stories in height, every floor 
presenting a complete magazine of fine goods, and representing every department of 
the carpet, drapery and upholstery goods trade. 

The firm as at present constituted, composed of Messrs. D. E. and W. K. Morgan, 
■commenced operations in 18*81 at No. 331 Main street, removing to the much superior 
and more commodious store in the early part of 1886, at the same time more than 
doubling their storage and salesroom capacity and extending their business facilities in 
every direction. So attractive and inviting, indeed, is this house, that it enjoys not only 
most of the trade of discriminating people hereabouts but has vast numbers of regular 
and transient customers from adjacent portions of New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio and 
■Canada, doing, besides, a liberal and growing jobbing trade with the merchants of sur- 
rounding cities and towns, the annual sales ranging from $200,000 to $250,000, and the 
operations in all departments giving steady employment to some fifty persons, male 
and female. 

It would be impossible, within the limits of a brief sketch like this, to enumerate 
and describe even a portion of the vast, varied and magnificent stock carried at all 
seasons. Suffice it to say that everything new, tasteful and useful in carpets, draperies, 
upholstery goods, oil cloths, matting, etc., can be found here in infinite variety, quan- 
tity, quality, style and price. 

The elder Mr. Morgan is one of Buffalo's substantial citizens, and has been engaged 
in merchandising here for a quarter of a century. He was formerly a member of the 
famous houses of Sherman, Barnes & Co. and Chester, Morgan & Arend, and is the oldest 
carpet man in Buffalo. He is also a prominent Freemason, and a liberal, public-spirited 
man. 

R. CALLAHAN, 

iLivery Stable — Light Carriage Factory — General Repairing and Horse- 
shoeing—No. 36 Niagara St., near Pearl. 

Of manufactures having direct reference to local wants, none are of greater import- 
ance to the citizens of Buffalo than the building of light business and pleasure vehicles. 
Among the most successful and popular of those engaged in this industry is Mr. K. Cal- 
lahan, whose handsome establishment at No. 36 Niagara street is one of the most com- 
plete and best-appointed in the city. Mr. Callahan has been connected with the carriage- 
making and livery business for nearly thirty-one years, first establishing himself at 
No. 262 Washington street, between North and South Division. He removed to his 
present convenient location in 1879, and has enjoyed a large and steadily increasing pat- 
ronage from that time up to the present, occupying the entire building indicated, four 
stories in height, 27 feet front by 115 feet deep. The upper floors contain the wood- 
working, painting and storage departments; the blacksmith shop is in the basement, 
and the ground floor is devoted to the purposes of a livery stable, where a fine line of 
buggies, carriages, sleighs and harness horses are constantly kept for the accommoda- 
tion of the public. 

Mr. Callahan employs only the most skillful men in his shops, and is prepared to 
•execute promptly, skillfully and satisfactorily all orders with which he is favored for 
the making and repairing of buggies, carriages, business wagons and light vehicles 
generally. Himself a practical carriage-maker, he can guarantee all work from his 
shops, and those who have once patronized him have no hesitation in commending him 
to others. Special attention is given to scientific horseshoeing, for the excellence of 
which work Mr. Callahan is justly famous. He carries a fine assortment of all vehicles 
in his line, and can offer advantageous terms to both buyers and those who merely wish 
to hire. 

Mr. C. is a native of Buffalo, has lived here always, and is justly popular as a busi- 
ness man and citizen. His present quarters are growing too small for him, and he pro- 
poses, in the near future, to secure ground and build a great factory and stable better 
suited to the growing needs of his trade. 






THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



CYRUS K. PORTER & SON, 

Architects— Room No. 20 American Block. 

Tin' science of architecture is one of the most useful of those pursuits that tend to 
elevate public tast<- ami at the same time minister to the comfort, enjoyments and hap- 
piness of the individual by providing for his healthful shelter and convenience. The 
master of this art must needs be a student, not only of books but of physics, not only of 
mathematics but of men; and happy indeed is he if even then he does not sometimes 
fail tu reap the just reward of his conscientious toil. Usually, however, with the archi- 
tect as in other professions, the best proof of merit is the measure of success that has 
crowned his efforts; and, judged by this standard, the attainments and deserts of Mr. 
Cyrus K. Porter, of this city, are of the highest order. Mr. Porter has had an active 
experience of the most valuable kind, extending over a period of forty years, and is 
fairly entitled to the name of Nestor of the profession in this section of the country. He 
Bettled in Buffalo in 1865, having been born in Onondaga county, N. Y. Three years 
ao-o lie associated with himself his son, Mr. Jesse R. Porter, who for the previous ten 
vears had devoted himself to the technical, theoretical and practical mastery of archi- 
tecture in his father's office. Thoroughly conversant with his profossion, and abreast 
of the times in which he lives, with a laudable ambition to excel, there can be no more 
question of the younger Mr. Porter's future than there is of his father's distinguished 
past and present. 

With their ripe experience, their vast accumulation of original designs, their valu- 
able selected library of the choicest architectural works, and an established reputation, 
tlii\ arc now in a position to prepare designs and superintend the erection of buildings 
of every class, public or private, from the humblest cottage to the most gorgeous- 
palace. 

Especial attention will be given to the erection of churches, a branch of the profes- 
sion to which the senior member of the firm has devoted a life-time of active service. 
All orders will receive prompt attention. Preliminary sketches are always sent for the 
approval of patrons at a distance, previous to making completed drawings. 

The elder Mr. Porter is president of the Buffalo Society of Architects. 



G. & J. SCHAEFER, 

Watchmakers ami Jewelers — No. 402 William St. 

Among the leading firms doing business out on William street, in that remarkably- 
busy section east of Jefferson street, is Messrs. G. & J. Schaefer. They have a jewelry 
establishment that is a credit to that part of the city. There is a large volume of busi- 
ness done out on this part of William street, and this firm is coming in for a good share 
of it. The business was established in the year 1881 by Charles H. Pfeiffer, who con- 
tinued it until July, 1886, when the present firm came in. They increased the stock 
and added additional lines, thereby making the assortment equal to all demands from 
the trade in this section of the city. A full line of jewelry, including watches, clocks, 
silverware, etc., is carried, and a specialty is made of repairing. An idea can be formed 
of the rapid growth of the business when it is stated that it reaches as high as $25,000 
a year. As good bargains can be secured here as elsewhere in this market. Both mem- 
bers of the firm are enterprising young men, and will succeed. 



BUFFALO HAT MANUF ACTURING CO. 

Wholesale ami Retail Manufacturers of Hats ami Caps— Factories, Newark, 
X. .1., and No. 77£Seneea St., Buffalo. 

Neat and becoming headgear is as necessary to the mail biped's comfort and 
respectable appearance as any other item of dress. The Buffalo Hat Manufacturing 
Company, No. 77 East Seneca street, is doing yeoman service to the public, and there i& 
ruse for high or low, rich or poor, old or young, wearing shabby hats, when all 
tastes and all purses can be suited from the immense stock exhibited upon the shelves 
of this house, or made by tin' shopful of practical hatters employed upon the premises. 

Messrs. M. II. Mark ami II. (juggenheimer, the affable and enterprising proprietors, 
established this house in 1885, and have already made of it a marked and substantial 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 173 

success. Having the advantage of two factories, here and at Newark, N. J., the firm 
are always prepared with the latest styles as soon as brought out, and are enabled to 
sell on a closer margin than most of their competitors. They make a specialty of 
medium goods, but carry a heavy stock of the finer grades. Besides their large and 
growing local custom they sell extensively to the trade in this and adjoining States, and 
offer the most liberal inducements to that class of buyers. 

Mr. Mark is a native of Greenville, S. C. ; has always been in the hat trade, and came 
to Buffalo in 1834. Mr. Guggeuheiiner, born in New York city, was formerly in the 
cloth trade ; came to Buffalo aud entered the hat business in 1835. 

It must not be supposed, because of the low prices asked for the goads of the 
Buffalo Hat Co., that they are of inferior grade, or produced by cheap labor. Oq the 
contrary, they employ Union workmen only, and every hat they sell biars the Union 
lab3l. They can make a new fiae silk hat to order in four h>urs.j| 



THE PEOPLE'S PRESS. 

Matthews, Northrup & Co., Art Printing Works— J. N. Mitthews, President; 
William P. Northrup, Gaaeral Manager; Gjorge E. Matthews, Treasurer ; 
Henry Matthew*, Saparintendent of Printing; Hanrv Straub, Superin- 
tendent of Binding; Charles E. Austin, Assistant Treasurer— Nos. 177 
to 183 Washington St. anl 38 to 18 Etchange St. t 

This concern, which has attained a reputation extending all over tbe country, was 
founded in 1878 by Mr. J. N. Matthews, editor and proprietor of the Buffalo Express. 
After he had disposed of his interest in the Commercial Advertiser, where for many 
years the firm of Matthews & Warren had been famous for fine printing, he associated 
with himself his brother, Mr. Henry Matthews, who for many years had been superin- 
tendent in the Commercial Advertiser printing office ; his son, Mr. George E. Matthews, 
and Mr. J. C. Bryant, and under the firm name of Matthews Bros. & Bryant they com- 
menced the printing business, using the top story over Nos. 177 and 179 Washington 
street, down to No. 42 Exchange street. At the same time Mr. Matthews formed a co- 
partnership with Mr. William P. Northrup to carry on the map engraving business, 
which had been founded by Mr. Northrup's uncle, Mr. E. R. Jewett, the inventor of the 
relief line process. The firm also furnished wood engravings, and the business of 
engraving was carried on under the firm name of William P. Northrup & Co. 

Asa bindery is a necessary adjunct to a printing office, arrangements were made 
with Mr. Henry Straub, who for many years had bcsen kn >wn as among the best binders 
in this part of the country, to occupy the third floor and couduct his bindery there. 
The business was carried on in this way for three years, the firm of Matthews Bros. & 
Bryant extending their reputation as printers, and the name of William P. Northrup & 
Co. becoming well known in connection with map engraving, especially for railroads. 

It was found that there were difficulties in carryiug on the divided business, and 
the firm of William P. Northrup & Co. was consolidated with that of Matthews Bros. 
& Bryant, the new firm being known as Matthews, Northrup & Co. At the same time 
Mr. George E. Matthews became a partner in the bindery with Mr. Straub, and that 
business was carried on under the firm name of Henry Straub & Co. In 1883 Mr. J. C. 
Bryant retired from the firm, his interest being divided among the remaining partners. 
No further change was made until the beginning of the current year, when a further 
coasolidation was made, the bindery owned by Henry Straub & Co. being annexed, Mr. 
Straub becoming a partner with Matthews, Northrup and Co. At the same time Mr. 
Charles E. Austin, who had been in charge of the counting room ever since the estab- 
lishment of the business, was admitted as a partner. The management of so extensive 
a business, and with so many diverse interests, necessarily approaches closely to that 
of a stock company, and therefore tin depirtmeuts of the various pirtners have been 
distinguished by the designation usually employed in such companies. Mr. J. N. Mat- 
tliews acts as president, Mr. William P. Northrup as general manager, Mr. George E. 
Matthews as treasurer, Mr. Henry Matthews as superintendent of printing. Mr. Henry 
Straub as superintendent of binding, Mr. Charles K. Austin as assistant treasurer. 

During the eight years of growth thus described the capital invested in the business 
has increased four-fold, and the amount of work done over eight-fold. The premises 
now occupied by the concern aud the Buffalo Express, which is under a kindred manage- 
ment, occupy more than an acre of floor space, and employ over 200 people. Their 
facilities are such that they make the claim to be the most complete concern in the 
trade, justifying it by the statement that every requisite to a first-class work, except 
the raw materials, is furnished on their own premises, it being the only concern in which 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 

engravings, including photo-engraving bj two processes, engraving a] on 
. metal and relief line engraving, are all furnished. 

The genera] estimation in which the productions of this house is held is well shown 
by the following quotation from the Art Aye, the recognized organ of advanced print- 
big In this country: 

■■ Printing is more than a trade. Of late it has sunk to deplorahle depths, and the 
process of redemption is slow. But as long as such linns as Messrs. Matthews, North- 
rop & Co., Messrs. Livermore & Knight, Messrs. Theodore L. De Vinne & Co., the 
Bullard Printing House. Mr M. K. Walter and a few others show by example and good 
work that it requires brain, skill and scholarship, honesty, the art instinct, and dignity 
to rise above the level of unscrupulous performance, with money-getting as the first 
purpose, and creditable achievement as the last.it is probable that the trade as a pro- 
fession will continue to rise in general esteem, and the total quantity of meritorious 
work, in proportion to all the printing done, greatly increase." 

The productions of this firm are widely spread, their customers being gathered from 
everv part of the country, and some of their work being exported. 



BUFFALO PRINTING INK WORKS. 

F. L. Hurlbutt, President; George E. Matthews, Tieasurer ; C. R.. "WilBer, 
Secretary; R. E. Pollock, Superintendent— Printing and Lithographic 
Inks and Varnishes— Nos. 11 and 13 Dayton St. 

The printer or lithographer who attempts fine work with inferior ink will find him- 
self, to use an expressive Westernism, " left," for the thing cannot be done; and no 
matter how skillful, tasteful or appropriate the typography or lithographic design, poor 
inks will ruin the effect as surely as the most elaborate botchwork in any other of the 
steps that lead to its completion. 

While most competent printers and lithographers are good enough judges of colors 
and effects, comparatively few are sufficiently informed to pass upon the comparative 
merits of the inks offered by different manufacturers, and they are therefore dependent 
to a great degree upon the integrity and good faith of those from whom they buy ; cor.se. 
quently it is of the first importance that their orders should be placed with those manu- 
facturers who have character and reputation to maintain as well as skill and experience 
in their business, and self-interest as an additional incentive. Such a house is the Buffalo 
Printing Ink Works, whose officers are named above. This company was organized 
December 1,1884, Mr. Pollock, the present active and efficient manager, being admitted 
and appointed to his post of responsibility just one year later. He has had the advan- 
tage of many years' experience as a practical ink manufacturer, and has entire personal 
supervision of the works, assisted in each department by careful and skillful foremen. 
Mr. Hurlbutt, the president, acts in the capacity of general salesman. He also is an 
experienced man, having traveled for years for some of the most prominent concerns of 
the kind in the United States. Mr. George E. Matthews, the treasurer, is also a member of 
the firm of Matthews, Northrup & Co., art printers, engravers, lithographers and bind- 
ers, Express building, Washington and Exchange streets. It is not difficult to infer 
that a desire to experiment in improvements upon the inks used by his firm may have 
had its influence in inducing Mr. M. to enter the Buffalo Printing Ink Co. Mr. C. R.Wil- 
ber, secretary, is a well-known and energetic business man, formerly in the wholesale 
watch trade, and later in Government employ. All in all the company is composed of 
the best possible material — of men who have the capital, stamina and brains to push 
it to a conspicuous success, and that they will do so admits of no reasonable question. 
The works were originally located at Washington and Scott streets, but soon out- 
grew the accommodations, and on the first of last May were removed to Nos. 11 and IB 
Dayton street, where they have a commodious five-story building, 45 by 90 feet, fitted 
up with every facility and convenience for the prosecution of a large and growing 
manufacturing business, the plant being complete in all respects as regards machinery 
and appliances. 

The firm manufacture all grades of printers' and lithographers' inks and varnishes, 
making a specialty of the finer grades, immense quantities of which they supply to 
the trade at home and abroad, even shipping extensively to foreign countries. Wher- 
ever used these splendid inks have given unqualified satisfaction, and the demand 
grows at a most gratifying rate. Last year's sales footed up some $70,000, and there 
can be no question that they will go far beyond that total for the present year. This 
work is printed with ink manufactured by this house. 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



175 



DAVID BELL, 

Iron Shipbuilder and Manufacturer of Steam Engines, Locomotives, etc.— 
Norton, Water and Evans Sts. 

Mr. David Bell, the repre- 
sentative manufacturer on 
the shores of the great lakes, 
is emphatically a self-made 
man. He was born in Ames- 
field, Dumfriesshire, Scot- 
land, on December 7, 1817. 
When seventeen he was 
duly apprenticed to learn 
the millwright trade. It 
was not long before he had 
a practical knowledge of the 
trade, and he afterward 
visited England, acquiring 
new ideas and additional 
skill and experience. Event- 
ually he decided to go to 
America. A brother of his 
had also some time before 
gone to St. John, New 
Brunswick ; and so in the 
spring of 1841 he sailed for 
New York. Mr. Bell was 
first employed in the South 
Boston Steam Engine 
Works, in 1841, at the rate 
of $1.50 per day, and during 
the fall of the same year he 
paid a visit to his brother 
in St. John, N. B., and 
worked in the machine 
shops there for about a year, 
when, better prospects 
opening before him in the 
West, he returned to the 
States in 1842, and came 
direct to Buffalo, where he 
was at once engaged by the 
Buffalo Steam Engine 
Works, but soon after went 
to Cleveland and worked a 
short time in the Cuyahoga 
Steam Works, subsequently returning to Buffalo, where he was employed in the building 
of the propeller " Hercules," the first screw steamer that ever successfully plied on the 
lakes. Mr. Bell left the employment of the Buffalo Steam Engine Works in 1845, and 
formed a copartnership with Mr. William McNish, under the firm name of Bell & McNish ; 
and it was from this time onward that Mr. Bell demonstrated his great abilities both as 
a practical business man and a skillful engine-builder. The firm had but a small capital, 
but what they lacked in that way they made up in grit and practical knowledge of their 
trade ; and so, after erecting a small shop, on what is now the site of Mr. Bell's great 
foundry, they sought business. It came very slowly — Buffalo at that time had barely a 
population of 25,000, and the trade returns show that the Erie canal tolls were then 
only about $400,000 per annum, so that it bore no comparison to the metropolitan 
Buffalo of to day. However, the young firm of Bell & McNish did not lose heart ; they 
were hopeful and persevering, faithfully performed such small foundry jobs as they 
got, and gradually worked their way into a paying patronage, one of their first 
undertakings being the building of a steam engine for the " Dart " elevator, the first 
one ever built either in Buffalo or anywhere else, so that Mr. Bell was the first man to 
build an elevator engine. This was a good advertisement for the firm, as the engine 
gave great satisfaction, and they built successively the engines for the elevators 




THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 

uour and Wells," "Evans," "Sterling," " Bugbee," and others. In addition to 
engines for elevators, the firm also constructed marine engines for a number of the 
powerful passenger steamers being placed on Lake Erie about this time. They were 
to build and develop the possibilities of the handy tug engine, which 
enables these useful craft to pull a tonnage immensely disproportionate to their 
displacement. It was iu 1850 that the copartnership was dissolved, Mr. Bell continuing 
the business alone until 1854, when be rented his sbop, and sold his machinery, tools, 
etc., to the Buffalo Steam Engine Company, and became the superintendent of the 
works at a Balary of $2,500 per annum, taking the place of a man who had once offered 
Mr. Bell $1.25 for bis services. The company not having sufficient capital to carry on 
the business, Mr. Bell resigned his position, and taking advantage of this brief period of 
leisure, paid a visit to his native land, returning to Buffalo in 1855, when he again took 
possession of Ii is old shop, and started anew to build up a trade in his line of business. 
Fire soon after destroyed his shop and tools, and, unfortunately for him, just after a 
heavy policy of insurance had expired. Before even the bricks in the ruins had cooled 
be was superintending their relaying, and erected the spacious and specially constructed 
building on the triangular plot bounded by Norton, Water and Evans streets, and which 
as Bell's foundry and machine shop is to-day one of the best known and most flourishing 
industrial establishments in the city. Among other noteworthy achievements of his 
was the building of the steam-tug and canal-boat fleet which made such a triumphant 
voyage over the Erie canal at the time steam was first successfully brought into use to 
propel boats. It was in 1858, and Mr. Bell, as the recognized commodore of the little 
Beet, took it down to Rochester, where Governor King and a distinguished party 
embarked, and were brought triumphantly up to Buffalo, where the guests were received 
enthusiastically. The impromptu commodore of the peaceful canal-boat fleet felt a 
genuine pride in the grand display of his adopted city, which demonstrated the great 
feeling of satisfaction that the problem of steam navigation on the canals had first been 
solved by a tug built by a Buffalonian. In 1861 Mr. Bell began to build the first iron 
propeller ever launched on the great lakes. It was 720 tons burden, and was constructed 
for Messrs. J. C. & E. T. Evans; many croakers doubted the success of this great 
innovation in marine architecture, but Mr. Bell was from the start fully assured of the 
wonderful benefits that must accrue from the use of iron ; and he was right. The new 
propeller was a perfect success, and more were ordered. The war of the rebellion broke 
out about this time in all its fury, and Mr. Bell was one of the first to render material 
aid to the Federal cause. His handsome, swift and powerful tug-boats were about 
this time making a great stir in the world. The Government gladly purchased 
several of them, and it was a tug he had built that was engaged in towing the old 
" Constitution " at the time she was scuttled off Newport News. He likewise built the 
tug that was used as a transport on the James river and around Norfolk, and it was this 
historic tng that carried the information to President Lincoln and members of his 
cabinet at Fortress Monroe, that resulted in the eventual destruction of the Confederate 
ram " Merrimac," in Norfolk harbor. In another field of enterprise, equally broad and 
grand, has Mr. Bell been successful. In 1865 he began to build locomotives. He 
created additional sbop facilities, put in new and improved machinery, and energetically 
went to work, bis first locomotive appearing in due season, for the Erie & Pittsburgh 
railroad. Asa deserved compliment to the builder, it was named the " David Bell." It 
was the first locomotive ever built in Buffalo, and its trial trip up to Dunkirk was the 
occasion for a great celebration by the citizens of Buffalo of such an auspicious event. 
Mr. Bell was one of the movers and organizers of the Mechanics' Institute, which was 
first formed in 1865, and duly incorporated in 1869, Mr. Bell being unanimously elected 
the first president, while he was also one of the incorporators. It was largely owing to 
Mr. Bell that this organization held the first International Exhibition in Buffalo, in 
1869, and which proved such a grand success. He worked hard and infused his 
associates with much of his own zeal and energy, and the results bore abundant 
evidence to Ins sound judgment and great executive abilities. The receipts were over 
$18,000, and after all expenses were paid there remained a balance of $4,500 on hand. 
He was re-elected to the presidency for the succeeding year. Mr. Bell has also served 
as president of the Young Men's Association, is a life member thereof, and has done 
much in its aid. He is a member of St. Andrew's Society, and the Scottish athletic 
organizations , be is a promoter of all healthy outdoor sports, and has also been president 
of the Grand National Curling Club, and was presented with a valuable testimonial by 
the society in token of its high appreciation of his services. Mr. Bell is still actively 
•d in carrying on bis extensive business, which has developed to proportions of 
great magnitude. His fame has spread far and near, and orders come to him from 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 177 

distant points. His services have been called for in innumerable ways. He built three 
iron cutters for the revenue service; merchant steamers of large size for the trade to 
Cleveland, Detroit and Chicago; pleasure yachts and steamers; fleets of tugs; engines 
and locomotive almost without number; and the miscellaneous line of orders that find 
their way to such a representative establishment as his is. He is an American pioneer 
in numerous prominent features; he not only built the first tug-boat, the first elevator 
eugine, the first marine engine for propellers, but it was he that built the first iron 
propeller on the lakes, and the first and only iron revenue cutter ever built in Buffalo ; 
also the first locomotive in Buffalo. 

Several years ago Mr. Bell invented and patented a new style of steam hammer, 
illustrated herewith, which has proved one of the most effective, useful and valuable 
labor, time, wages and fuel-saving mechanical devices ever brought out. The Bell 
improved patent steam hammer is made in four sizes, No. 1 being intended for the 
ordinary smith-shop. It is of very simple construction, having single column standard, 
with bed-plate and cylinder cast in one piece, very strong, self-acting, and taking steam 
at both ends of the cylinder, all of the sizes striking a square blow. Either of the sizes 
will strike a heavy or light blow ,as required, and can be worked either " double acting" 
or " single acting," the change oeing easily and quickly effected. It is the best and 
most economical hammer in use, far superior to all belt, trip, and helve hammers — easier 
to manage and keep in repair, and at least fifty per cent cheaper than any hammer yet 
invented that will do the same work. 

Nos. 2 and 3 sizes will work up old car axles and make the best iron that can be 
produced for connecting rods, eccentric rods, and all parts of engines and other 
machinery where the best quality of iron is required. They will also work up old 
scrap, quantities of which are always to be found in a blacksmith shop, and produce the 
best of iron for all ordinary purposes. 

No. 4 has been constructed with a view to furnish at a very moderate price a hammer 
that will forge large and heavy cranks and shafts, and the frames and other bearings 
connected with locomotives, not only with expedition but with the greatest accuracy 
and saving of labor, and it is claimed that twice the number of locomotive frames and 
bearings can be turned out in the same time that can be done with the appliances 
hitherto employed for doing the same work. With a heating furnace it will work up 
scrap into billets for making car axles, crank shafts, and all heavy forgings which have 
heretofore required large and very expensive hammers to accomplish. 



EDWARD H.JENNINGS. 



Successor to Warner & Jennings— Household Art Rooms— No. 263 Main St. 

Most people of refinement in our day give great attention to the adornment of their 
liomes, not for the sake of mere vulgar display, but for the pure pleasure it yields and 
as a tribute to the newly-aroused art spirit of the age. Among those who have con- 
tributed to this awakening of a commendable feeling and its gratification Mr. Edward H. 
Jennings of this city is quite conspicuous. His beautiful art rooms No. 263 Main street, 
Buffalo, present such an exposition of art goods for household adornment as can hardly 
be found west of New York city, embracing every variety of mural decorations, art 
paper-hangings, bric-a-brac, antique rugs, stained glass, artistic furniture, and a 
thousand pretty and useful things for which we have not space even for passing 
mention. This" bazar of beauty is certainly the most elegantly fitted up place of 
business in the city, and the resort of the most cultivated people of all Western New 
York and of thousands of visitors from a distance. The building itself is a handsome 
one, of five stories and basement, 25 feet front by 150 feet deep, and the various 
departments of Mr. Jennings' business occupy the whole, every floor being a treasure- 
house of taste and beauty in color and form. The main, or ground floor, is divided into 
six separate departments, each devoted to some special line of goods, and arranged with 
faultless regard for what is most striking and appropriate, and each representing on a 
reduced bit compact and effective scale the resources of the establishment. We will 
not attempt a detailed description of the attractions here presented, but recommend 
every housekeeper and lover of what is best in household art to go and see for herself 
or himself. 

Mr. Jennings is a native of Richmond, Mass., and has had the experience of a life- 
time in his vocation. The house now under consideration was established by Warner 
& Jennings in 1879, and has a reputation and trade coextensive with the Union. Mr. J. 
became sole proprietor in 1885. 



THE IXDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



DONALDSON & CO., 



Bankers and Brokers- Dealers in Foreign Exchange, Stock and Investment 
cnrlties, Grain and Provisions— Rooms 1 and 2, Hayen Building, 
< orner Ma In and Seneca Sts. 

The vast vol unif of business transacted here in trade, commerce and manufactures 
render Buffalo one of the'mosl desirable fields for banking operations to be found any- 
wLere. True, the field is pretty well occupied just now, but it is extending, and the 
time is not far distant when double the amount of capital at present invested in this 
branch of business will be demanded and fully employed in legitimate channels. 

This bouse was organized in 1880 by Abell & McNiven, and changed to the present 
Btyle in 1884, and is composed of Messrs. J. A. Donaldson and W. R. McNiven, with 
Mr. C. Lee Abell as cashier. The office, formerly at No. 20 East Seneca street, was 
removed to its present quarters in 1885. 

The house is prepared in the best manner with all requisite facilities for the trans- 
net ion of any and all banking business, the purchase and sale of foreign exchange, etc., 
on as favorable terms as are consistent with legitimate business and safety to all parties. 
They also deal Largely in stocks and investment securities, and, having direct commu- 
nication by leased wire with the New York Stock Exchange, can buy or sell for cash or 
on margin any of the leading listed stocks, bonds or speculative securities. Special tele- 
graphic connection afford them, besides, the best advantages for buying and selling grain 
and provisions on ths Chicago Board of Trade for cash or on margins, and for furnishing 
late and reliable information relative to the course of the markets. They deal in petro- 
leum through the New York and Oil City Exchanges, and have superior facilities for 
promptly executing orders and for carrying certificates at low rates of interest. In con- 
nection with their business in securities, grain, provisions and oil the firm issue a daily 
circular, which will be sent on application. They solicit correspondence from those 
interested. 

The house is a sound, stable and responsible one, and has a superb patronage 
throughout the country. The members are in all respects first-class business men and 
public-spirited citizens. Mr. Donaldson is a native of Buffalo, as is also Cashier Abell. 
The former was for many years book-keeper of the Erie County Savings Bank, while 
the latter is part owner of the Marine elevator, and handles the cash grain business 
thereof through the banking-house. Mr. McNiven is of Canadian birth; has resided in 
Buffalo since 1870; was formerly with Pratt & Co., iron and hardware merchants, and 
was one of the originators of the banking-house with which he is now connected. 



CHARLES BAYER 



Architect and Surveyor— No. 442 Main St. 

However much Americans may excel in the mechanic arts, and in some branches of 
practical science, it must be conceded that in the matter of architectural taste the- 
soundest principles and best training up to the present time are imparted in European 
schools, our finest examples of public and private architecture are adaptations of 
European models, and our most successful and popular architects are close students of 
European styles and precedents. There are abundant reasons for this state of affairs, 
as the comparative newness of our country, the recent development of its resources, 
the rarity of colossal fortunes, the neglect of this branch of art, and the unsubstantial 
character of our first domiciliary improvements — all of which will be remedied in time, 
but the fact remains that in our day the architect who presents proofs of thorough train- 
ing in the French, German and Italian schools, and of the ability to adapt his acquired 
knowledge to changed conditions such as govern in this country, enjoys great advan- 
tages over the average American in the same pursuit. 

Such an architect, is Mr. Charles Bayer, of No. 442 Main street, who previous to his- 
arrival in the Tinted States, in 1881, had for seven years been a practical architect and 
surveyor in his native Stuttgart, Kingdom of Wurtemburg. None who have read 
descriptions of thai grand old city of palaces and cathedrals need be told of the superb 
opportunities for study it presents to the earnest seeker after perfection in architecture 
such as Mr. Bayer, who chose this profession in obedience to his natural bent. On 
coming to this country he proceeded to Cincinnati, where he remained seven months, 
and then removed to Buffalo. Since his arrival here he has been quite successful, par- 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



179 



ticularly in the line of ecclesiastical architecture, among his most notable productions 
being the plans for St. Mary's church, Lockport, among the handsomest temples of 
worship in Western New York. He also furnished the plans for the elegant residence 
recently erected by Dueriuger & Fassett on Walden avenue, and many other business 
and dwelling-houses. He gives prompt attention to plans, specifications and details for 
street, church and domestic architecture. 



WESTERN BEEF CO., 

Wholesale Dealers in Swift's Chicago Dressed Beef and Mutton— Nos. 72 

and 74 River St. 

What ever 
opposition for- 
merly existed, 
arising from 
pr ej udice or 
selfishness, 
again s t t he 
trade in West- 
ern dressed 
meats, has 
about died out 
in face of the 
fact that all 
classes of citi- 
zens, rich and 
poor alike, are 
by this system 
supplied with 
choice beef and 
mutton at mod- 
erate prices, 
and, while no 
reasonable ob- 
jection is made 
to the con- 
sumption of 
New York or 
Kentucky- fattened short-horns by those who can afford it, yet the accessibility of ample 
supples of the cheaper (though scarcely less juicy, palatable and sustaining) Western 
beef is confessedly a great boon to the great body of the people — those who live by 
their labor and those who wish to practice economy. The Western Beef Co., Nos. 72 
and 74 River street, is therefore a blessing to the community, purveying as it does to 
the wants of the masses. 

This company is equipped in the best manner for the transaction of a large business, 
and was established in August of 1883. The members are E. C. Swift of Boston, 
G. F. Swift of Chicago, and Mr. Edward Smith of this city, who manages the Buffalo 
branch in a liberal and business-like manner which has popularized both the company 
and its goods. 

All surrounding towns and villages also have the advantages afforded by the com- 
pany through its branch houses, all of which are kept constantly-supplied with excellent 
Chicago meats, fresh, sweet, sound and cheap. The great River-street warehouse is 100 
by 100 feet square, provided with stables for the company's horses and wagons, a hand- 
some office, and an immense refrigerator, or, more correctly speaking, ice chamber, with 
capacity for the storage and safe-keeping of 250 quarters of beef and a corresponding 
quantity of mutton — beef being the leading specialty. None but the best grades of 
meats are sold, and as a consequence the enterprise has proved a wonderful success, 
involving large capital and making fair returns. The Swift brothers are live, wide- 
awake Boston men while Mr. Edward Smith, the manager here, .has bought and 
slaughtered hundreds of cattle himself, and is a Buffalo man of wide acquaintance 
and great business capacity. The trade, hotels, restaurants and others buying meats in 
quantities will find it to their advantage to visit the Western Beef Co.'s warehouse and 
inspect its facilities. 




THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



QUEEN CITY HAT MANUFACTURING CO., 

Rfannfaotnrers and Wholesale and Retail Dealers In Every Description of 
Hen's Headgear, Furnishing Goods, etc.— A. H. & M. P. Babcock, Pro- 
prietors; Robt. EL Cranston, Superintendent— No. 87 Genesee St. 

All mankind an- directly interested in the subject of hats, and it is consequently a 
matter of importance to the public that they should be informed as to where they can 
obtain the best and must stylish head-covering for the least money. The Queen City 
Bal Manufacturing Co., No. 87 Bast Genesee street, established in the spring of 1886, 
is one of the most energetic and prosperous of Buffalo's new business enterprises, run 
upon the most liberal principles and enjoying the confidence and patronage of a rapidly 
growing circle of first-class trade. During its first season this enterprising company 
made sales aggregating over $10,000, with good indications that they will more than 
double that sum in 1887. The company employs four active travelers and twenty-eight 
skillful and well-paid operatives — all members of the Hatters' Union — and every article 
of headgear that leaves their store bears the union label, is guaranteed as represented, 
and is positive proof in itself that liberal wages does not mean high prices of products, 
as the Queen City Hat Manufacturing Co. is ready to compare goods and prices with any 
non-union establishment, guaranteeing to supply a superior hat or cap, made of the same 
or better material, by better and better paid workmen, at the same or lower figures than 
.are demanded by their wage-cutting competitors. 

The company has already extended its trade all over Western New York and Penn- 
sylvania and Eastern Ohio. Their goods embrace every description of hats and caps 
for all classes and conditions of men, military, band and society uniform hats and caps, 
tint' silk, felt and wool hats, cloth and straw hats and caps, etc. A specialty is made of 
fine silk hats to order, which they usually deliver complete in ten hours, though, if 
necessary, they can be made in four hours. They also have a large factory at Orange, 
N. J., whence they obtain their supplies for the trade. 

In connection with their store at this point they also carry a splendid stock of gen- 
tlemen's fine and medium furnishing goods in all varieties. 

Mt-ssrs. A. H. and M F. Babcock came to Buffalo from Rochester three years ago. 
Mr. Robert H. Cranston, the superintendent, is a practical hatter, and a very skillful 
workman. All are young, capable, enterprising business men, and the success of the 
<jueen City Hat Manufacturing Company is assured. 



WALLA CE JO HNSON, 

Wholesale Produce— Dealer in Dried Fruit, Clover and Timothy Seed, Butter, 
Eggs, Beans, Peas, Bags, etc. — No. 110 Main St., Two Doors Below Canal 
Bridge. 

For more than thirty-six years Mr. Wallace Johnson has stood in the front rank of 
Buffalo's dried fruit, seed and produce trade, beginuing in 1850 on Seneca street, where 
he remained for three years, removing to 119 Main street. In 1865 he changed his 
location to No. 70 Main street, where he was burned out in 1886 — immediately re-estab- 
lishing himself at his present place, No. 110 Main street. It will be seen, therefore, 
thai lie has had vast experience in his busiuess, aud should be, as he is, master of all 
its details. 

Mr. Johnson is an exclusively wholesale dealer in the goods he handles, comprising 
immense quantities of dried fruits of all kinds, clover and timothy seeds, etc. His 
trade is al> nit equally divided between local buyers and exportations to Europe, and 
for thirty years lias averaged $250,000 per annum. He also has a wide and valuable 
business conuectioo throughout this State, Pennsylvania, Ohio aud Michigan, maintain- 
ing a large and prosperous branch house at Hillsdale, Mich. 

.Mr. Johnson is an Ohio man of Yankee parentage, an energetic, enterprising, upright 

merchant and citizen, and well deserves the success and personal popularity he has 

achieved in his nearly forty years of residence in Buffalo. As an evidence of his 

standing, reliability and responsibility, he refers to the following well-known bankers 

and merchants, East and West: Bank of Commerce, Buffalo; George B. Ferris & Co., 

New York; Straight, Doming & Co., Cincinnati; Mauran, Wright & Co., Chicago; 

' W. Evans & Co., Cleveland ; H. & L. Chase. Boston; Crabb, BUlman & Co., Toledo ; 

Albert Dickinson, Chicago; Root & Dow, St. Louis; Ira M. Davis & Co., Milwaukee; 

lit & Co., New Orleans; Littlefield, Webb & Co., San Francisco; Wooster, 

ick & Co.. Sin Francisco; E. H. Cowing & Co , Cincinnati; Ouerbacker, Gilmore 

& Co., Louisville. 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 181 

HIBBARD BROTHERS, Agents, 

Dealers in Jewelry and Silver-Plated Ware (Installment Plan) — No. 34i> 

Main St., Up-stairs. 

The plan of selling goods on installments has much to recommend it. In the first 
place, it enables tasteful people in cramped circumstances to make a respectable 
appearance on terms they can easily meet. Secondly, it encourages economy and thrift. 
And thirdly, it supplies customers with really good goods at prices which, taking into 
account the risks assumed by the seller, the expense of collection, interest on invest- 
ment, etc., are actually but little higher than are usually demanded in spot cash by the 
regular trade. 

The firm of Hibbard Brothers (J. W. & E. R. Hibbard), agents, No. 345 Main street, 
does the largest jewelry and silver-plated goods installment business of any house in 
Western New York, and gives unvarying satisfaction to its patrons. They established 
themselves here in a modest way in 1880, and gradually increased their trade until last 
year it reached an aggregate of $25,000, exclusively with Buffalo people, and entirely 
on installments. "We are informed that the house is extremely lenient in its dealings 
with honest, responsible people, and has seldom resorted to harsh measures to make 
collections. All goods sold are delivered on receipt of the first payment, and the pur- 
chaser has the use of them pending the payment of deferred installments. * 1 

Repairing of all kinds of watches, jewelry, etc., promptly done and at reasonable 
rates. Out-of-town parties ordering goods or repairing will be at no expense for 
postage. 

FISHER BROS. & CO., 

Maltsters— Proprietors of "City" and "Genesee" Malt-houses— Office, No. 

283 "West Genesee St. 

Buffalo produces about five million bushels of malt per annum for export. Considering 
her advantages (including lake and railroad facilities, the near vicinity of the famous 
Canadian barley-growing region, etc.), this is not surprising. Unquestionably some of 
the largest malt-houses are located here, prominent among them those of Fisher Bros. 
& Co., two in number, known as the "Genesee" and " City," the former located at the 
intersection of Genesee, Canal and Erie streets, and the latter on West Genesee street, 
the capacity of both being 250,000 bushels per annum. In addition, the firm last 
December built a fine new storage elevator of 60.000 bushels capacity. 

These great malt-houses are provided with every improved modern device in the 
way of machinery for the handling of grain and malt, and are among the most complete 
in the world, covering respectively ground 100 by 140 and 40 by 130 feet, each four 
stories in height. The new elevator is built upon the same scale of magnitude and 
completeness. 

This conspicuous business enterprise was established in 1862 by Mr. George Fisher, 
and proved so successful that in 1865 he admitted his brother, Jacob P., and Mr. Philip 
Houck as partners. George Fisher is a native of France, born in 1820; Jacob P. Fisher 
was born in Erie county in 1835, and Philip Houck first saw the light in Germany in 1823. 



FRED SCHULZ, 



Custom Tailor— No. 78 East Eagle St. 

Mr. Schulz, a recognized artist in all that pertains to the production of gentlemen's 
fine garments, established himself in 1885 at No. 385 Washington street, where, as 
"Our Custom Tailor," he became so popular and secured so liberal a run of custom, 
that he was obliged in October last to remove ro his present handsome place, where he 
has an elegantly appointed store and shop, 20 feet front by 40 feet deep, employs a 
strong force of competent cutters and tailors, and is better equipped than hitherto to 
meet the demands of a well-dressed public. Mr. Schulz is an artist in his profession, 
and has a well-earned reputation for correct taste, great skill, excellent judgment and 
the superior workmanship he furnishes his patrons, which, combined with promptitude 
in the execution of orders, and reasonable prices, render him popular and successful. 

Mr. S. is of Prussian birth, and exhibits a medal earned in the Franco-German war, 
and presented by General Von Moltke. He has been in this country some twelve or 
thirteen years. 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



JOHN M. LUIPPOLD, 

Proprietor East Side Brewery— No. 298 Emslie St. 

one of the most striking features of the development of Buffalo's industrial 
resources la seen in the growth of the brewing business. It now ranks among the 
leading interests, both in the amount of capital invested and the number of men 
employed. Among those who have contributed largely to build up a reputation for the 
Qaeen City <>f the Lakes in this direction is John M. Luippold. The business was 
began in a small way in 1868 by Mr. Luippold, on Emslie stTeet, where his present 
magnificent brewery is located. The first year the number of barrels turned out did 
not exceed 2,000. An idea can be formed of the way the business has increased from 
thr tact that the brewery now has a yearly output of 12,000 barrels. The East Side 
Brewery is one of the most complete in appointments in every particular of any in 
Buffalo. The buildings, which are of brick, and most substantially erected, cover an 
area of twenty-two lots situated on Emslie street, between William and Howard streets. 
It will not be inappropriate to state right here that the plant of the East Side Brewery 
represents a capital invested of $150,000. The brewery has all the modern improve- 
ments in the way of machinery, which includes an ice machine built by Lehmen & 
Sou, of Cleveland. The consequence is, that Luippold's beer is conceded to be without 
any superior in Buffalo. It is mostly all consumed in the city. 

Mr. Luippold has been a resident of Buffalo for the past forty years. He carried on 
the grocery business for sixteen years on the corner of Jefferson and William streets 
before starting the brewery. He is looked upon as one of the solid men of the city 
from a business point of view. His success has been due to strict attention to business 
and honorable dealing. 

CITY LAUNDRY AND CUSTOM SHIRT FACTORY. 

Established 1860— Miss M. E. Farmar, Proprietress— No. 9 West Eagle St. 

The City Laundry, which claims the credit of being the oldest establishment of the 
kind in Buffalo, was first opened in 1850 by A. D. Sumner. His efforts were crowned 
with success, and the business steadily increased. In 1882 the concern passed into the 
hands of Miss M. E. Farmar, who for a considerable length of time had been employed 
as book-keeper. Since then evidences of her ability have become apparent in the im- 
provements which have taken place. The laundry is fitted up with the most improved 
machinery to be found, and all work done is strictly first-class. There is a working 
force of thirty hands and the weekly pay-roll amounts to $160. An important feature 
of the business is the custom shirt work. The best of facilities are at hand for doing 
the finest work. Hand-work collars and cuffs are a specialty. In the entire direction 
of the business Miss Farmar has demonstrated the fact that woman's sphere in business 
is not so circumscribed as has been popularly supposed. 



E. L. WINSHIP, 

W liolesale Dealer in Foreign and Domestic Tobaccos, Cigars, Cigarettes and 

Snuffs — No. 11 Terrace. 

Most Americans use tobacco in some form — we speak of the male biped, of course — 
ami the trade in the weed is of astonishing proportions. Buffalo and the region tribu- 
tary thereto chews and smokes and snuffs a fair proportion of the grand total, and 
consequently the trade here is very large. A representative house in this line is the 
great wholesale tobacco, cigar and snuff concern of E. L. Winship, No. 11 Terrace, 
which handles about $425,000 worth of goods per annum, embracing all grades, from 
the finest and most costly to the commonest and cheapest, the specialties being the 
unowned Kinney Bros.' cigarettes, fine imported Key West and domestic cigars, and 
the best and choicest brands of Virginia and Kentucky plug and fine-cut chewing 
tobaccos, together with Scotch and American snuff, smokers' goods, and fancy articles. 

Mr. Winship is a native of Buffalo, established his present venture in 1874, and has 
made a study of the trade to which he caters. He carries an immense stock, selected 
especially for this market, sells only at wholesale for cash or to prompt time buyers, 
and offers the lowest market quotations. He deserves and has a liberal support. 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 183 



JOH N KN E1S, 

House, Sign, Fresco, Wagon and Carriage Painter— Graining, Kalsomining, 
Decorating, Wall Tinting, etc.— No. 21 Purdy St. 

The house painter and frescoer may be fairly denominated the poet of architecture, 
bringing out, as he does, its beauties, softening its asperities, concealing or relieving its 
faults and adding to its effects. But the painter who would achieve fame and fortune 
thus must be a man of taste, skill and aptitude, conscientious and painstaking. Such 
a one is Mr. John Kneis, of No. 21 Purdy street, Buffalo. Mr. Kneis first established 
himself on Pearl street in 1881, removing to his present location in April, 1885. Here 
he has ample accommodations, comprising a fine lot 33 by 200 feet, upon which stands 
a commodious and convenient paint-shop 30 feet front and 60 feet in depth. Sixteen 
journeymen and apprentices are steadily employed, whose wages average $200 a week, 
Mr. Kneis' business footing up about $50,000 a year. His facilities are of the best, 
particularly for the doing of fine work. Among his recently completed contracts are : 
St. John's church, Buffalo Plains, painting; several residences for Mr. Hellriegel, 
president of German-American Bank, painting and frescoing; the Hayen building, 
frescoing, besides a number of superior jobs of frescoing for other parties. 

Mr. Kneis was born in Sandusky, Ohio, in 1854. He was a member of the 65th N. 
G. S. N. Y. up to its disbandment, and is a good citizen in all respects. Among his 
references we note the name of Rev. Gerard H. Gyson, pastor of St. John's church, 
North Buffalo. 

Mr. Kneis indulges his ingenuity occasionally on matters outside of his regular 
calling, and is the inventor of an improved incubator, manufactured by Axford & 
Bros., Chicago. Its capacity is forty-four dozen, which number of chicks it can turn 
out every twenty-one days, provided it is supplied with fresh, sound eggs and properly 
attended. It is a great thing, and will prove a blessing to the overworked hens of the 
country. 

F. J. SCHAFER, 

Merchant Tailor— No. 64 Arcade Building, Over No. 9 Clinton St. 

Mr. F. J. Schafer has been engaged in the merchant tailoring business at his prp««mt. 
location, Nos. 63 and 64 Arcade building, since 1878. He came to this city from Attica 
in 1875, having the advantage of a very thorough practical knowledge of the business 
in all its details. In everything pertaining to designing and making the most stylish 
garments for gentlemen's wear, Mr. Schafer is unsurpassed by any rivals in his line. 
The stock of imported and domestic suitings to be found on his counters is selected 
with the greatest care, and no pains are spared to please the most fastidious taste. 
When it comes to giving the greatest satisfaction for the money, it is simply giving the 
bald-headed truth the greatest publicity in saying in this connection that Mr. Schafer 
never allows any opposition to offer better inducements. The consequence is, when a 
good many other tailors are pining for something to do, Mr. Schafer is full of business. 
Hence, as a live, enterprising citizen, he finds himself represented in this work on the 
Industries of Buffalo. 

VALENTINE CENTNER, JR., 

Manufacturing Jeweler — Plain, Chased and Seal Rings a Specialty — Badges, 
etc.— Nos. 16 and 18 East Eagle St. 

The extent to which the manufacture of jewelers' specialties is carried on in this 
city is something remarkable. The representation is large and the volume of business 
done is of considerable importance. Among those engaged in the business who are 
already taking a leading position may be mentioned Mr. V. Gentner, jr. He started in 
the year 1883, and is now doing a business of $10,060 a year. The lines which Mr. 
Gentner represents are among the finest in the whole range of the jewelry business. 
The setting of diamonds is a feature in which this gentleman has achieved a well-earned 
reputation. Badges of all descriptions and plain, chased and seal rings are specialties 
with him, and for artistic finish and reliable material they are unsurpassed. He has 
been in the business thirteen years, and with several leading firms. A native of Ger- 
many, Mr. Gentner came to Buffalo in 1860. A working force of twelve men is required, 
and it is not a rash presumption that in time this establishment will acknowledge no 
superior, either in this city or elsewhere. 



184 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



SAMUEL McCUTCHEON, 

Steamboat and Engineers 1 Supplies— Copper, Tin and Sheet Iron Manufac- 
turing— No. 18 Ohio St. 

( »ne of the important industries of this city is associated with handling the supplies 
i by engineers and steaincraft generally. For more than a quarter of a century 
past the well-known house of Samuel McCutcheon has been identified with this branch 
of business at the old stand, No. 18 Ohio street. The premises here occupied consist of 
a well equipped four-story building, where the manufacture of copper, tin and sheet 
ir<ui work is extensively' carried on. Special attention has always been given to 
Bteamboat, vessel, brewery and distillery work. In this direction Mr. McCutcheon 
claims that from his long and successful experience in the business, and intimate 
knowledge of the work and material required, he is able to guarantee the best results. 
His establishment is completely stocked with a superior line of goods, such as brass 
cocks, globe valves and couplings of all kinds, iron pipe and fittings, also leather and 
rubber hose and hose pipes, steam packing, and all kinds of rubber goods. The house 
is also ao-ent for the Davidson steam pump, Amazon boiler compound, and Orme patent 
safety and relief valve. As may be supposed, the business of the house is widely 
distributed and aggregates a large volume annually. 

Originally the style of the firm was Brown & McCutcheon. In 1875 Mr. Brown 
retired, and since then it has been as noted, Samuel McCutcheon. This gentleman is a 
native of New York city, where he acquired a knowledge of the business. His career 
in Buffalo lias been one of uninterrupted success, due to the judicious management 
given the business. 

A. J. GRAD, 

Carriage and. Wagon Manufacturer — No. 718 Broadway. 

Mr. Grad is the direct successor of Eugene Hickman, who established this prosper- 
ous industry in 1875, Mr. Grad taking possession in 1886. He has a very commodious 
and well-appointed three story factory, built of brick, the front building, 30 by 40 feet, 
containing the warerooms, paint shop and blacksmith shop, the rear, of same dimen- 
sions, containing the wood-working department. Nine men are steadily employed, who 
turn out from $8,000 to $9,000 worth of finished work per annum, most of which is 
custom work for city patrons. 

Every description of fine and medium buggy and wagon work, together with repair- 
ing, repainting and blacksmithing, is done in the best manner at this establishment, at 
moderate prices and promptly. 

Mr. Grad was born in this city — Sixth ward — in 1858, and has followed his present 
vocation since early youth. His is the leading concern of the kind out Broadway, and 
is growing in importance. 

URBAN & CO., 



Proprietors of the Urban Roller Mill— Wholesale Dealers in Flour, Feed, 
Grain, etc.— Nos. 381 and 383 Ellico'tt and 324 and 326 Oak St. 

George Urban established this firm in 1846 as flour dealers. The present mill has 
all the modern improvements in milling, as it was built in 1881, since the revolution in 
milling caused by the introduction of the roller system, and was the first complete roller 
mill in Buffalo. All new improvements are added as soon as discovered, and the fiour 
kept in the front rank. Mr. Urban, senior, admitted his son, George, jr., as partner in 
L870. In 1875 Mr. E. G. S. Miller was admitted to the firm, and in 1882 Mr. Urban 's 
youngest son, William C, was admitted. In 1885 Mr. George Urban, sr., retired, and 
the remaining partners continued as Urban & Co. 

The mill itself is a fine five-story brick building, 40 by 100 feet, on Ellicott street, 
opposite the Washington market, while a three-story office and warehouse, 40 by 90 
feet, fronts on Oak street, Messrs. Urban & Co. making it a point to keep a full supply 
of everything in the flour line constantly on hand, the bakers' trade especially being 
able to get from their stock any kind or'kinds of flour they may call for, while the 
product ol the mill has from the first taken the lead. Their "Pearl*" brand of flour, made 
from a combination of spring and winter wheats, is especially a favorite as a family 
Hour, while only the finest of No. 1 hard wheat is used for their " Urban's Best" and 
" Bakers' " fiour. 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



185 



DR. JO HN T. CLARIS, 

Veterinary Surgeon and Proprietor of the East Side Horse Infirmary — Nos. 

627 and 629 Clinton St. 

The importance of 
the successful treat- 
ment of the diseases of 
horses and cattle, es- 
pecially the former, 
has been exemplified 
by the conspicuous po- 
sition now occupied by 
veterinary schools. 
Probably the one with 
the most widely ex- 
tended reputation is the 
Ontario Veterinary Col- 
lege, located at To- 
ronto. Our neighbors 
across the border have 
taken an advanced po- 
sition in this specialty, 
the institution referred 
to being under the di- 
rection of the Ontario 
government. Among 
the most successful 
graduates of this col- 
lege is Dr. John T. 
Claris, who in 1882 lo- 
cated in this city. He 
immediately began 
business in a manner 
which indicated that he 
was bound to make a 
splendid success of his 
chosen profession. Se- 
curing a well-located 
site, corner of Clinton 
and Adams streets, Dr. 
Claris proceeded to 
erect a commodious 
horse infirmary which 
should contain features 
not possessed by any similar one in Western New York. When completed the new 
building met his expectations, and its record since demonstrates the utility of its design. 
It is a most substantially constructed three-story brick with cut stone trimmings, and is 
30 by 110 feet in dimensions. The office and laboratory are elegantly and completely ap- 
pointed. Coming to the interior arrangements, there are thirty-eight single and ten box 
stalls, all scientifically permeated with steam pipes, which insure the proper tempera- 
ture. This feature is peculiar to this establishment, and is of vital importance during 
cold weather in the successful treatment of all respiratory diseases. The cost of the 
building complete was $15,000, and the results have amply justified the outlay. 

Dr. Claris' success in the treatment of horse ailments has been remarkable, and 
his reputation has gone abroad as a skillful and accomplished veterinary surgeon. 
He has been ably assisted by Dr. E. W. Anderson since the infirmary was opened, and 
one or the other is always present. From the foregoing it can be inferred that any 
cases intrusted to this popular institution are sure of the best treatment. Dr. Claris is 
a courteous gentleman and will be found a reliable man of business. Among his 
preparations is Dr. Claris' celebrated veterinary ointment, a valuable remedy for 
scratches, cracked heels, sore backs and shoulders, cuts, wounds, and all surface diseases 
of horses and cattle. His anti-chill and fever medicine is invaluable for the cure of 
inflammatory diseases, particularly chills, fevers, congestion and inflammation of the 
lungs, coughs, colds, colic, staggers, etc. 
12 







THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 




(See opposite page.) 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



187 




J. P. Moulton, President ; James Adams, Vice-President ; J. M. Brinker, 

Treasurer ; W. S. Frear, Secretary ; J. C. Weber, Superintendent— Works, 

Seventh, Wilkeson and Mohawk Sts. ; Executive Office, Room 6, Coal 

and Iron Exchange. 

Thanks to the progressive spirit of a few resolute and influential citizens, Buffalo 
enjoys the enviable distinction of being one of the best lighted, and consequently one of the 
safest cities, for life and property, on the continent, and her broad, handsomely-built 
thoroughfares are indeed an inspiring sight after nightfall, when hundreds of glitter- 
ing electric lamps shed their far-reaching refulgence on every hand. 

From the Electrical Review we glean the subjoined interesting summary of the 
early history of electric lighting in Buffalo: 

The subject of electric lighting was first agitated in Buffalo early in 1881, and a 
company organized and incorporated March 28th of that year, known as the " Buffalo 
Electric Light Company," with a capital stock of $100.000 ; John F. Moulton, presi- 
dent ; A. P. Wright, vice president, and H. G. Nolton, secretary and treasurer. 

Through the efforts of the Brush Electric Company of Cleveland, and before any 
operations had been commenced, the Buffalo Electric Light Company sold all rights 
of way, etc., to the Brush Electric Light Company of Buffalo, incorporated Jnne 1st, 
1881, with the following officers: John F. Moulton, president; James Adams, vice- 
president, and H. ft. Nolton, secretary and treasurer. 

The company first started a forty-light station on the " Island," where there were no 
gas mains, and subsequently lighted Ganson street with twelve lamps at $5,000 per year. 
Two additional stations were soon put into operation, and wires rapidly extended to ac- 
commodate the fast increasing demand for more brilliancy than the old illuminants were 
capable of furnishing. The prices adopted at the outset were fifty cents for half-night 
lights and seventy-five cents for all-night lights, yearly contracts being required and 
strictly adhered to, having no competing company to cut rates. In July, 1882, the 
capacity of the company was about two hundred lights, and at that time a contract was 
secured with the city to light portions of the most prominent streets, requiring forty 
lamps, for which the city paid sixty-five cents per light per night. 

The opposition of the gas companies did not commence to be felt to any great ex- 
tent until June, 1883, when, having further extended the plant, the electric light 
company were naturally desirous of an increased amount of the city's patronage, and 
made a bid to light the public streets at fifty-five cents per night per light. At the 
inception of the electric light company, gas cost private consumers $2.50 per thousand 
and $2 to the city for street lighting, and $2.25 for public buildings. Through the 
effects of electricity's advent this was forced to $2.25, $1 80 and $2 respectively in 1882. 
The city's contract with the gas companies expired in August, 1883. and the encroach- 
ing electric light company attracted the righteous indignation of the gas producers and 
war was declared. The fight in the common council waged hot and heavy. A majority 
favored electric light, and three times in as many months the mayor, favoring gas, 
vetoed the resolution of the common council authorizing contracts to be made with the 



j 88 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



electric light company for lighting a large amount of territory. In October a com- 
promise was effected, by which the electric light company secured 125 additional lights 
at fifty-five cents per light, but not before the gas companies were compelled by their 
opposition to decrease the price of gas to $1.60 to the city and $1.80 to private con- 
sumers. At this time the price of gas is $1.50 per 1,000 to private consumers and 
$1.40 to the city, a reduction from $2.50 when the company started that the Brush 
Electric Light Company claim full credit for and generally receive. The present 
council and mayor are friendly to the extension of the district to be lighted with elec- 
tricity, and numerous additions have been voted since January, 1886. 

The plan of small or sub- stations was found to be too expensive, and steps taken to 
concentrate the power which have produced what experts are pleased to term "the best 
equipped electric lighting station in the country. " The building, erected in 1884, is 120 by 
1H0 feet in area, two stories in height, and the ground floor is devoted to the boilers and 
furnaces, the battery consisting of 12 steel 100-horse-power boilers of late improved pattern , 
provided with smokeless furnaces that consume soft coal slack. The smoke-stack is 
eight feet square at the base and 115 feet high. In the generator room, 40 by 120 feet, 
are 21 Westinghouse upright automatic engines of 65 horse-power each — one for each 
of the 21 Brush dynamos and two incandescent machines — one the United States patent, 
the other a Westinghouse— designed for competition with gas in interior lighting. 
Adam, Meldrum & Anderson's dry goods establishment and the Tift house were lighted 
by this system in November — the farst with 400, the latter with 200 lamps of sixteen- 
candle-power — a much better and safer light, at less cost than gas, however cheap the 
latter. The capacity of the Brush dynamo is 65 lamps of 2,000 candle-power each, or a 
power of illumination equal to 130,000 candles. 

In this city the company has now in actual use about 300 miles of conducting wire 
and over six hundred poles for city lighting — a showing that will be vastly increased 
during the present year. In anticipation thereof a substantial new brick building, 100 
by 100 feet, has been erected adjoining the old one, thus providing ample room for any 
required augmentation of plant. At present 50 or more men are required, including 
linemen, firemen, engineers, lamp-trimmers, repairers, etc. As a matter of economy a 
large stock of material is carried at all times to meet emergencies in the way of exten- 
sions and repairs. Mr. Albert J. Weber, a brother of the superintendent, is general 
foreman. 

THE HINTERMISTER ORGAN AND PIANO CO. 

( Limited), 

Manufacturers of The Hintermister Organ and Piano— Nos. 198 and 200 

Terrace. 

Of Buffalo's more recently established industries, one of the most notable is the fine 
factory of the Hintermister Organ and Piano Co., Nos. 198 and 200 Terrace, established 
in 1884. The chairman of the company, M. J. H. Hintermister, a native of Zurich, 
Switzerland, is one of the most accomplished makers of these instruments in the world, 
having had an experience extending over forty years in Europe and this country. He 
resides at Oil City, Pa., while his son, Mr. F. A. Hintermister, is manager of the works 
here. The latter is a native of Ithaca, N. Y., has been connected with the organ trade 
all his life, is a practical workman, and a master of the business in all its details. 

A visit to the factory and salesrooms is full of interest and instruction. The com- 
pany occupy a handsome four-story building, 32 by 107 feet, with commodious base- 
ment, and at this time employ ten finished workmen, a force that will be added to as 
opportunity offers to secure competent instrument makers. A . fine equipment of 
ingenious and costly machinery forms a valuable portion of the plant, and the capacity 
is sufficient t<» meet present demands. The sales for the past year aggregated about 
$15,000, but the prospect is that 1887 will see that figure more than doubled. The 
alty of the house i.s the celebrated Hintermister organ, an instrument that has made 
for itself a splendid reputation in the face of the severest opposition from rival manu- 
facturers. It is a singularly perfect organ, beautifully made and finished and remark- 
ably sweet in touch and tone, and, though we do not profess a profound knowledge of 
music, we must say that we have never heard more delightful sounds than were evoked 
from one of these instruments for our delectation. 

The house has a general trade all over the country, particularly in the oil region, 
Western Pennsylvania, Pittsburg and Detroit. 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



189 



WILLIAM H.SLOCUM, 




Official Stenographer to the Supreme Court, Eighth Judicial District of 
New York; Principal of Slocum's Stenographic School; Patentee of 
Slocum's Improved Type-Writer, and Agent for the Remington Stand- 
ard Type- Writer— Rooms 50, 51, 52 and 53 Chapin Block, No. 17 
West Swan St. 

To tbe intelligent and industrious 
young man or woman having his or 
her own way to make in life and 
sufficiently cultivated and refined to 
care for superior associations, no other 
pursuit offers so many attractions as 
the study and practice of stenog- 
raphy ; and when to a thorough 
knowledge of this most useful art is 
added a mastery of the type-writer 
and a liberal fund of general infor- 
mation obtained from books and 
current literature, no better equip- 
ment for the battle of life could be 
desired, for positions are always open 
to its possessors — positions in which good pay, and, what is better, habitual contact 
with practical men of affairs, bankers, merchants, capitalists, professional men, authors, 
editors, scientists, etc., are assured, and a vista of advancement at once opened to 
them, full of promise and of splendid possibilities. 

Slocum's Stenographic School, rooms 50 to 53 Chapin block, No. 17 West Swan 
street, Buffalo, stands in the front rank of those institutions which fit the young men 
and women of America for careers of usefulness, independence and possible distinc- 
tion. A complete and finishing course is given in the rudiments and higher branches 
of stenography in any of the popular systems of the day — Graham's being the 
standard — together with careful training in penmanship and type-writing, six months 
being the time usually required, and the fee in both branches being $50. A neat 
pamphlet containing all necessary information will be mailed to any address on appli- 
cation to the principal. 

The Remington Standard Type- Writer. — Mr. Slocum is general agent for the 
famous Remington Standard type-writer for Buffalo and vicinity. He carries a com- 
plete line of these popular machines, and is prepared to fill orders for the same at 
factory prices. It is unnecessary to either describe or praise the "Remington Standard," 
which is the best-known, most popular, oldest and most universally used of all type- 
writers. Catalogue and price-list mailed when desired. 

Slocum's Improved Type- Writer. — 
The Improved Type- Writer, illustrated 
herewith, is of Mr. Slocum's own in- 
vention, patented February 9, 1886. The 
cut was made from the original model, 
and a number of more or less important 
changes and modifications have been 
introduced previous to offering the 
machine to the public. Sunday Truth 
of February 28 prints the subjoined 
very clear and concise description of 
the new caligraphic instrument : 

The key-board is about ten inches iu 
width and the extreme length of the 
machine about 13 inches, and its height, 
including carriage, 6 inches. Point A rep- 
resents tbe fulcrum of the type levers, 
B the guide for the type bar, and C the 
joint of the type bar, and figure 2 shows a detached key on which D is the fulcrum 
and E the joint. Figure 3 shows the universal guide, against the under side of which 
each letter strikes as the key is depressed, causing the type bar to slide from the right 





190 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 

or left to the center, then rising vertically to the paper. Figures 2 and 3 do not repre- 
sent the parts accurately, but show the principle, and how they operate. 

A spring is placed under and forward of the fulcrum on each type lever, which 
carries the key upward and causes the type bar to follow the guide back to its normal 

position after the 
FIG-. a letter is printed. 

^g^ p, «r7 The feeding mechan- 

i- n "sO/" f ~^^ii/ ism consists of two 

•C rack bars placed side 

by side, firmly at- 
tached to each other with alternate teeth pointing downward, underneath which is a 
vertical wheel with square cogs, against which the teeth of the rack bar are suc- 
cessively engaged. As the wheel is rotated, the cog which arrests a tooth of the first 
rack bar is passed by that tooth, which tooth then passes between the cogs of the 
wheel, and the double rack bar moves ahead and the second part of the double rack bar 
engages the same cog as the first rack bar tooth did. 

The next movement of the wheel allows the second rack bar to be released, and a 
tooth of the first rack bar is engaged by a cog as before, and so on, continuously. By 
this feed it is impossible to have any skipping of letters, or failure of the carriage to 
move, and it is capable of quicker action than any feed upon machines in present use. 

Upon depressing a key the type bar follows the universal guide and delivers the 
impression. As soon as the finger leaves the key the type bar resumes its normal posi- 
tion, at the same time, by a simple mechanism, rotates the wheel one tooth, which 
allows the rack bar to travel one space. 

It will be observed that while each type bar on its upward movement follows the 
universal guide shown in figure 3, on its return it does not follow that guide back, but 
drops directly into place between the individual guides, B. 

This movement allows almost perfect freedom of operation of any two adjoining type 
bars, as one type bar following the universal guide to the center will not interfere with 
the other bar returning to its place of rest. 

In all of the machines constructed with type bars in a concentric ring, each bar is 
compelled to describe an arc of nearly or quite forty-five degrees. In this machine the 
levers raise only about twelve degrees of a circle. 

It will be seen that each letter is guided to the center by the positive universal 
guide, and there will consequently be an impossibility of any letter getting out of 
alignment after once having been placed in position, as the latter part of the guide is of 
only sufficient width to allow the type bar to pass. 

The fulcrum joint is attached to a plate by two screws through slotted holes, allow- 
ing the lever to be moved forward or backward to place the letters in perfect alignment. 

Perfect impression of the type can easily be made at an angle of 60 degrees. There 
are only about one-third the number of pieces used in the construction of this machine 
that there is in any other of the leading machines before the public. 

Several parties formerly connected with the manufacture and sale of other type- 
writing machines now upon the market unhesitatingly acknowledge its simplicity, and 
that it possesses points of superiority over every other machine that has yet been 
exhibited. The principal points in favor of this machine are : 

1. Rapidity and ease of action. 

2. Impossibility of losing its alignment. 

3. Simplicity of construction, all parts being made of metal, hence will not be 
affected by dampness. 

4. All parts liable to wear are provided with simple adjustments, which unskillful 
operators can adjust. 

5. It can be built and sold for one-half the price of other first-class machines. 

6. Its weight is only ten pounds, and occupies less space than any other machine 
upon the market. 

Mr. Slocum has had flattering offers for his patent, but prefers to either manu- 
facture them here or allow them to be made on a royalty. He now has five other 
patents pending for improvements in type-writers, and his inventive genius is not con- 
fined to this branch of mechanics. A lead -pencil sharpener which does its work 
quickly and perfectly, and never breaks the points, will soon be placed upon the market 
by him. 

Mr. Slocum is personally a very popular, public-spirited gentleman, and a good 
citizen. In addition to the arduous duties of his stenographic school and type-writer 
depot, he is president of the Buffalo Mutual Accident Association, noticed at length on 
another page. 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



191 



A. H. BROWN, 



i! foUNDRY&FINISHING 




Machine Shop and Brass Foundry— Copper and Sheet Iron Work, General 
Repairing, Engineers' Supplies— Nos. 16, 18 and 20 Elk St. 

Owing to the vast amount of engine and 
machine-building done here, there is probably 
no better location in America for the skillful 
■worker in metals than Buffalo, the terminus of 
lake navigation and of so many railroads stretch- 
ing away to every point of the compass, and the 
seat of a vast manufacturing interest. 

One of the oldest and most favorably known 
of Buffalo's machinists, brass founders and 
sheet-metal workers is Mr. A. H. Brown, Nos. 
16, 18 and 20 Elk street, who has resided here 
since 1838. Up to 1854 he was a lake steamer 
engineer, then for four years chief engineer of 
the American Transportation Co., and in 1859 
established himself in business at his present 
location. He is of Irish birth, removing at the 
age of three years, with his parents, to Mont- 
gomery county, Pa. 

Mr. Brown's works occupy a convenient three- 
story brick building, 45 by 51 feet square, and give employment to from twelve to 
twenty-five hands, according to the requirements of trade and season, and does a steady 
and flourishing business. . , , 

Mr Brown does every description of light machine work, sells one of the best steam 
governors in use, and has on hand a full line of water and steam gauges, copper and sheet 
iron work for tanners, brewers and others, gives attention to repairs of all kinds in his 
line carries a superior stock of engineers' supplies, and makes specialties of railroad 
and steamboat brass castings, steam fitting, Cameron steam pumps, brass goods, rubber 
and leather hose and packing, crucibles, etc. 



fJtASS 

09?h 'ft SHE EX J ROhfWOR K>5. 

"rife m 

isl 



F Hs! HP! WmM 




JOHN KAM, 



Maltster— Malthouses, Nos. 410 and 436 Pratt and Corner Genesee and Pratt 
Sts. ; Office, No. 377 Genesee, Corner Pratt St. 

Buffalo's maltsters annually produce and ship rather more than less than 5,000,000 
bushels of superior malt, principally from the famous Canadian barley, which it is 
claimed has no equal for that purpose. Some thirty firms and individuals are engaged 
in this industry, employing hundreds of operatives and many millions of dollars capital. 
One of the most prosperous and successful of the Queen City's maltsters is Mr. John 
Kam, who began operations in a small way at No. 377 Genesee street some eighteen or 
nineteen years ago. Himself a skillful maltster, industrious and thrifty, he found ready 
sale for every bushel he could produce at the highest market prices, and soon found 
himself obliged to increase his facilities. In 1872 he built the fine malt-house No. 436 
Pratt street, 40 by 50 feet square and three stories in height; eight years later he erected 
the large and commodious establishment at No. 410 Pratt street, at first three stories, 
125 by 160 feet, but enlarged in 1884 by the addition of four floors, thus securing the 
advantage of vastly increased floorage without extra expenditure for land. He also 
continues to occupv his original stand. No. 377 Genesee street, where he has two malting 
floors and his office. He employs twenty to thirty hands and all necessary machinery of 
the latest improved kinds, and has ample facilities for the manufacture of 200,000 
bushels annually. 

Mr. Kam's skillfully made malt is in demand among brewers at home, and is largely 
shipped to the trade all over Western New York, to the metropolis, Brooklyn, Newark, 
Baltimore, Cleveland and elsewhere. 

Mr. K. is of German birth, came to Buffalo more than thirty years ago, and has made 
malting the business of his life. He is ably assisted in the office and malt-houses by his 
sons, Henry and Joseph, energetic, enterprising, wide-awake young men. 






THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



F. S. PEASE, 





Manufacturer of Refined Petroleum, Illuminating and Lubricating Oils, 
Paints, Artists' Materials, etc.— Nos. 65 and 67 Main, 82, 84 and 86 
Washington Sts. 

The subject of illumina- 
ting and lubricating oils is 
of direct interest to people 
of every condition and in 
every walk of life, for it 
is one that immediately 
concerns and influences 
manufactures, commerce 
and domestic economy. 

Mr. F. S. Pease, tbe 
prom inent manufacturer 
of and dealer in refined 
petroleum oils for lubri- 
cating and illuminating 
purposes, -whose commodious establishment at Nos. 65 and 67 Main and 82, 84 and 86 
Washington streets, is widely and favorably known to the trade and consumers, may 
safely be called a public benefactor, since he has attained to a wonderful degree of 
perfection in the manipulation of this subtle and even yet somewhat mysterious fluid, 
removing from it by his peculiar and approved processes nearly if not quite all of its 
objectionable and dangerous elements. His high fire test, colorless, odorless, non- 
explosive illuminating oil, refined and prepared expressly for domestic use, is confess- 
edly equal if not superior to any article of the kind ever offered to the public. As an 
evidence of its high grade, and, indeed, of all of Mr. Pease's products, it may be stated 
here that his goods were awarded prize medals at the world's expositions of London, 
1862; Paris, 1867; Vienna, 1873; Santiago, 1875; the Centennial, 1876 ; Paris, 1878; 
New York, 1878 ; Baltimore, 1878; Chicago, 1878 ; Sidney, 1879; Melbourne, 1880, and 
the National Exposition of Railway Appliances, Chicago, 1883. 

Mr. Pease has been established here as a refiner and dealer in oils, paints, artists' 
materials, etc., since 1848, and consequently has a high reputation, earned by a long 
and honorable career, to sustain; therefore the grade of his goods may be at all times 
relied upon as standard. His place of business, 50 by 150 feet and four stories in height, 
is one of the most complete and conveniently arranged in the country. Some fifteen or 
twenty men are employed in the various departments, and the annual output aggre- 
gates several hundred thousand dollars in value, finding a market not only in the 
United States but in Europe. No travelers are employed, and the sales of the house 
are based on merit only. 

J. WIESBAUER, 



Manufacturer of Jewelers' Findings — No. 410 Main St. 

The variety of manufactures in the city of Buffalo demonstrates the fact that in 
the near future this city is bound to become one of the leading industrial centers of the 
country. In the pages of this work will be found reference to all the different lines. 
As an illustration, a few remarks will be made in regard to the business done by Mr. J. 
Wiesbauer, manufacturer of jewelers' findings. The term is a very comprehensive 
one, and calls for specific mention. As is well known, the jewelry trade requires a 
long line of articles, specially made for the purpose of displaying wares to the best 
advantage. This has created a branch of business of considerable importance. Mr. 
Wiesbauer gives his attention entirely to the manufacture of such specialties as fine 
trays, plush, velvet and morocco cases, etc. He is sole manufacturer of Fowler's patent 
material cabinet, which is one of the most useful cabinets known to the trade. Wood 
mailing and express boxes, tags, cords and the entire range of such and kindred requi- 
sites are among the goods which are manufactured. Mr. Wiesbauer has been in the 
business since 1877, and his is the only complete establishment of the kind west of 
New York. Possessing the best of facilities, he is able to meet competition from any 
quarter. The annual business amounts to about $25,000 a year, which indicates what 
its extent and possibilities are. He also keeps two travelers constantly on the road. 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



193 



N. P. CHANEY & CO. 

Feather Beds, Pillows and Hair Mattresses Renovated hy Steam— Mat- 
tresses, Bedsteads, Springs, etc.— No. 818 Main St. 
^gH^^ Around the city of Buffalo the chronicler of 

her various industrial interests can find ample 
material to write about. People are becoming 
more enlightened every day of the importance, 
from a sanitary point of view, of the frequent 
renovating of feather beds, hair mattresses, pil- 
lows, etc. Too much care cannot be taken in 
such a matter of vital importance to health and 
comfort. The firm of N. P. Chaney & Co., No. 
818 Main street, have exceptionally good facili- 
ties for doing this work by a steam process. Mr. 
Chaney is the patentee of what is probably the 
closed. most efficient renovating machine for this purpose 

in use at the present time. No chemicals are used, and after going through the process 

the goods come out as clean as when new. 

This firm also manufacture Chaney's im- 
proved upholstered cot and lounge, which is 

conceded, by all who have seen and used it, to 

be the most complete cot ever introduced. It 

is light and easily handled, made with spiral 

springs, and is equal in sleeping qualities to 

any bed. It is a bed and lounge complete, 

and at one-half the cost of an ordinary 
• lounge. There is also kept in stock a full line of mattresses made of the best hair. 

Fibres, husk, sea-grass and mixed mattresses, with bedsteads, cribs, cots, springs, live 

geese feathers and all bed furnishings, are constantly kept in stock. Mr. Chaney is a 

thoroughly practical man and fully understands all the details of the business. The 

trade is large and on the increase. 





KEHR & DUFFY, 



General Machinists — Builders of Steam Yacht, Stationary, Marine and Port- 
able Engines, Pulleys. Hangers and Shafting — Dealers in New and Second- 
hand Boilers and Engines — General Repairers, etc. — No. 93 Washington St. 

The building of steam engines for all purposes on land and water is an industry in 
which Buffalo mechanics excel and in which they are renowned throughout the length 
and breadth of the continent. One firm that is doing much to augment the fame of the 
Queen City in this specialty is that of Kehr & Duffy, founded by Mr. Geo. H. Kehr in 
1881, and strengthened by the accession of Mr. James Duffy in 1885. This very skillful 
firm of machinists occupy the first and second floors, each 30 by 60 feet, of the commo- 
dious brick building No. 93 Washington street, where they have well-appointed shops 
provided with all required machinery of the latest improved kinds, and employ a 
competent force of first-class workmen, turning out many thousands dollars' worth of 
superior work every year, most of which is disposed of at home, but much is made to 
order for shipment to other States. 

The specialties of the house embrace every description of yacht, stationary, marine 
and portable steam engines of modern pattern, embracing in their construction various 
practical and useful improvements devised or patented by the members of the firm. 
These engines are of all sizes, in all styles, and of the finest material and workmanship. 
The house also carries a large stock of new and second-hand boilers and upright engines 
of various sizes, and manufacture pulleys, hangers and shafting to order, besides giving 
prompt and careful attention to repairs of engines, boilers, steam pumps and machinery 
of all kinds, the testing of boilers and the purchase and sale of new and second-hand 
boilers and engines, and the construction of improved dredge machinery and friction 
clutches. 

Mr. Kehr came to Buffalo from Connecticut, of which State he is a native, in 1850. 
Mr. Duffy was reared here. Both have devoted their entire active lives to their present 
pursuit, are ingenious and successful men and worthy citizens. 






THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



FROMM & CO. 



Wholesale Manufacturers of IiOunges — Nos. 300 DeWitt St. and 1335 West 

Ave., Black Rock. 

This energetic young firm, 
formerly Fromm & Bland ford, 
is coming rapidly to the front, 
and bids fair ere long to take 
rank with Buffalo's leading 
manufacturers. Founded as 
recently as March, 1886.it is al- 
ready turning out goods at the 
rate of $30,000 worth per an- 
num and of the best grades, 
making an exclusive specialty 
of lounges in all styles, of su- 
perior design, material and 
workmanship. The original 
firm was dissolved on the 18th 
of January by the withdrawal 
Mr. J. T. Blandford. A re- 
organization under the present 
firm name was at once effected, composed of Messrs. John W. Fromm, Clifford R. Orr 
and John R. Ash. Their factory occupies a commodious two-story frame building, Nos. 
360 DeWitt street and 1335 West avenue, fronting 60 feet on the first and 15 feet on 
the last-named thoroughfare. This building is of irregular shape, and is in fact equal 
in dimensions to one 45 by 80 feet, with wings, one 30 by 50, the other 40 by 50 feet. 
Besides a full complement of woodworking and other machinery twenty-five workmen 
are employed, and every facility is at hand for doing a large and growing business. 

Mr. John W. Fromm is a native of Buffalo, and all members of the firm are men of 
push and industry. Mr. Fromm was for a time superintendent of the late H. J. Cora- 
stock's renowned lounge works on Court street. The house is therefore headed by a 
practical mechanic, who has worked his way to the position of employer by the exer- 
cise of push and skill. The firm already control much of the best trade of Buffalo 
and vicinity, and are extending their connections throughout this and adjoining States. 




J. LANGDON & CO.— Incorporated. 



C. J. Langdon, President; J. D. F. Slee, Vice-President; T. W. Crane, Treas- 
urer; C. M. Underbill, Western Manager; C. N. Shipman, Secretary — 
Anthracite and Bituminous Coal— Office, Rooms 1 and 2 Chapin Block, 
No. 17 West Swan Street. 

The coal transactions of the city and port of Buffalo aggregate about 10,000,000 
tons, of which grand total the above-named corporation handles about one-tenth, or 
1,000,000 tons, comprising the best grades of anthracite and bituminous fuel, shipping 
to the West. 

The company has its principal office at Elmira. The branch office here, rooms 1 
and 2 Chapin block, is in charge of Mr. C. M. Underbill, the western manager, who 
superintends the business of the company at this point in an able and satisfactory man- 
ner. The yards at the foot of Genesee street front 300 feet, with a like depth on the 
Erie basin, and furnish ample facilities for the storage and shipment of coal in cargoes 
or such quantities as may be desired. It is scarcely necessary to say that all orders re- 
ceive prompt attention and are filled with dispatch at the lowest ruling quotations. 

President C. J. Langdon is a native of and resides in Elmira. He is a conspicuous 
figure in business circles, connected with the La France Fire Engine Manufacturing Co. 
and several other well-known enterprises. Vice-President Slee and Treasurer Crane 
are also prominent citizens and business men of Elmira. Secretary Shipman also 
resides in Elmira. Mr. Underbill, manager of the company's western interests, has 
been actively engaged in the handling of coal for the past twenty years, fifteen of which 
were passed in Buffalo. He is a native of Wayne county, an upright gentleman and 
a business man of great executive ability. 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 195 

BEAL S & BR OWN, 

Successors to Pratt & Co.— Iron, Steel, Nails, Hardware, Bolts, Nuts, "Washers 
— Contractors', Mechanics', Shop and Manufacturers' Supplies, etc. — The 
Old Stand, Terrace Square. 

No more famous iron and hardware coDcern ever existed in this country than the 
old house of Pratt & Co., who for over half a century led the trade of Western New 
York. On the 30th of March, 1886, the renowned and ancient firm was dissolved, Mr. 
Pascal P. Pratt, the senior member, who had been identified with the house from its 
inception, withdrawing entirely from business life save in so far as his presidency of the 
Manufacturers and Traders Bank, while Mr. Edward P. Beals, the junior member, who 
had occupied that station for forty years, formed a new partnership with Mr. David E. 
Brown, who during the preceding twenty-four years filled satisfactorily and successfully 
the station of business manager, and thus the same day that saw the retirement of Mr. 
Pratt also witnessed the succession and installation of tbe new house of Beals & Brown, 
the entire stock, buildings, fixtures, good-will and established trade and high reputa- 
tion of the former firm passing unreservedly into their hands. Referring to this important 
business change, the News of April 8, said: 

"The brief announcement hitherto made of the dissolution of Pratt & Co., and the 
formation of a new firm under the name of Beals & Brown to administer its business, 
has challenged attention very generally throughout the country. The name of Pratt 
has for half a century been a very bright one in the commercial world, with its sales 
aggregating as high as the enormous sum of three millions of dollars a year, its cus- 
tomers scattered over every city and cross-roads in the country, and its reputation 
extending to every market for iron and hardware in the world. 

"The succession has fallen into good hands. While the retirement of Mr. Pascal 
P. Pratt will of course be regretted, the advent of the former junior partner, Mr. Edward 
P. Beals, will give particular satisfaction. As the leading partner his invaluable experi- 
ence and his ability as a financier will have a telling effect upon the fortunes of the new 
craft which seeks the popular favor under such auspicious breezes. 

" The junior partner, Mr. David E. Brown, is none other than the urbane and pro- 
gressive manager who for twenty-four years has made the success of the old house his 
daily and nightly study. No man in this country controls a larger clientele of friends or 
a wider acquaintance among the members of the hardware trade. He is all vigor and 
enterprise." 

The new firm have enlarged the business with the addition of all classes of goods 
required in machine shops and for general metal manufacturing purposes, and established 
a supply depot patterned something after the large iron and steel supply establishments 
existing in New York and Boston. 

The premises occupied by Messrs. Beals & Brown are 80 feet front on the Terrace, 
extend back to the canal, are four stories in height, especially arranged in every depart- 
ment for the storage, display and sale of all goods pertaining to the hardware and metal 
trade, and carry the largest, best and most varied stock of these commodities offered by 
any establishment west of the metropolis. Moderate profits and prompt attention to 
orders is the motto of the house, which cannot fail to lead it to greater triumphs in the 
future than it ever achieved in the past. Both partners are native Buffalonians. 



JAM ES CO YLE, 

"Wagon-Maker and General Blacksmith— Nos. 150 and 152 Ohio St. 

Mr. Coyle is a thoroughly accomplished mechanic, practically conversant with every 
detail of his trade, an unexcelled blacksmith and wagon-maker. He came to Buffalo 
from the north of Ireland more than thirty-six years ago, and has been busy ever since 
constructing first-class heavy vehicles for the merchants, teamsters, farmers and others of 
the city and vicinity, all of whom know and hundreds of whom patronize nim. He 
began on his own account in 1869, and from the first has prospered, doing a business of 
$8,000 to $10,000 per annum. His leading specialty is the building of heavy wagons 
for transferring freight, hauling lumber, stone, brick, coal, etc., and his success therein 
is conceded. He also gives considerable attention to the manufacture of iron-box 
wheel-barrows, warehouse and propeller trucks, heavy drays, etc., for which class of 
work he has a steady demand, and gives unvarying satisfaction. Mr. Coyle employs a 
competent force of skilled help, and occupies two two-story buildings — one of brick, 70 
by 150 feet, the other frame, 70 by 152 feet. 






TllK INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



HENRY D. KELLER, 

Successor to Keller & Boiler— Importer and Jobber of Wines, Liquors and 
Cigars, and Wholesale Grocer— No. 458 Washington St. 

The sales of wines and liquors in this market 
are very large in the aggregate, though the num- 
ber of wholesale houses handling first class goods 
is limited. One of the most extensive of these — 
perhaps, indeed, the heaviest of the kind in Buf- 
falo — is that of Henry D. Keller, twenty-one years 
a wine and liquor merchant, No. 473 Main street. 
Mr. Keller was one of the founders of the concern 
— Ripont & Keller — who first opened it in 1865. 
In 1877 the firm of Keller & Boiler was established, 
and remained so until Mr. Boiler died. In 1886 
Mr. Keller took sole control. From the first the 
venture was successful, and has prospered. 

No. 458 Washington street is three stories high, 
with a great basement extending under the whole. 
The stock carried is one of the largest in the city, 
and selected with special reference to the require- 
ments of this market, embracing all the leading 
brands of imported and domestic wines, brandies, whiskies, rums, gins, cigars, tobaccos, 
etc. Some of the wines in stock are very old and fine. Casks of delicious California 
and Ohio wines lie there tier upon tier, much of it so old and ripe that it would tempt 
an anchorite, while of the other liquors the stock is always kept up to the mark in 
quality and quantity. 

A. leading specialty of the house is the renowned " Old Petrie " whisky, a facsimile 
of the brand of which we print herewith. This whisky is sold strictly upon its merits, 
and is known to the trade and experienced consumers as a strictly pure whisky of the 
best quality. It is popular with all who know good liquor wherever introduced. The 
brand belongs to Mr. Keller, and as he controls this brand the trade will do well to 
communicate with him. He is proud of this whisky and of its reputation, and will do all 
that is right and reasonable in filling orders for it. 




BITTER & KASSON, 

Sole Manufacturers of the " Buffalo " Railroad, Lubricating and Axle Grease 
and Harness Oil— Works, Foot of Brace St. ; Office, No. 476 Main St. 

Few persons outside of manufacturing, railroad and steam-navigation circles have 
any adequate idea of the cost of lubricating machinery and rolling stock. For many 
years constant and measurably successful efforts have been directed to the improve- 
ment of lubricants and the consequent effecting of a saving in this item of expense, 
and it cannot be denied that much has been accomplished, the actual cost of oils, wear 
and tear being now fully twenty-five per cent, less for the same service than it was 
twenty years ago — a result due to scientific research and a proper understanding of the 
relative value of various greases singly and in combination. 

Of the more successful and popular lubricants, resulting of late years from intelli- 
gent experiment, few if any have given such general satisfaction to consumers as the 
famous "Buffalo" railroad grease, lubricating grease, axle grease and harness oil, 
manufactured by Bitter & Kasson of this city — greases that are unaffected by high or 
low temperatures and that combine perfect lubricating properties with the maximum of 
service and the minimum of waste. They have already been introduced very exten- 
sively among the railroads, machine-shops, ocean, lake and river steamers, manufactur- 
ers of leather and leather goods, etc., of this country, in all cases have given entire 
satisfaction, are growing in favor at a most gratifying rate, and it is the intention of 
the manufacturers to push them in all'the markets of the world. 

Messrs. Bitter & Kasson are well-known and popular citizens. The former was 
previously for some years a member of the firm of Kast & Co., now the Kast Copper 
and Sheet Iron Company. Mr. Kasson has been engaged in practical experimentation 
with lubricants for the past six or seven years, and is an energetic and capable gentle- 
man. All of the firm's goods bear the buffalo bull's head as a trade-mark. 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



197 



NIAGARA STO CK FARM, 

Bronson C. Rumsey, Proprietor— Wm. H. Gibson, Manager— Delaware Ave., 

Adjoining the Park. 

In few things has this country 
made greater progress during the 
past quarter century than in the im- 
provement of its live stock. While it 
is true that the best strains of our 
domestic animals of all kinds were 
imported, it is equally true that the 
care lavished upon them has still fur- 
ther developed their good qualities, 
which are handed down from genera- 
tion to generation in a constantly 
increasing degree, until it is a question 
if even the most advanced breeders of 
Europe can boast of better if as good 
strains as are exhibited by leading 
American fanciers, more particularly 
of neat cattle for market and dairy 
purposes. New York, by reason of 
her advantageous geographical and cli- 
matic position — and more especially 
Western New York — is contributing 
immensely toward this object, and it is 
only right that in a volume of this kind, 
dealing with the material resources of 
the city of Buffalo and vicinity, some 
mention should be made of this valu- 
able interest — one of the most con- 
spicuous, independent of manufac- 
tures, that has come under our notice. 
The largest, most prosperous and 
most famous shorthorn stock farm in 
this part of the country is the cele- 
brated " Niagara," located at the head 
of Delaware avenue, adjoining the 
park, and about three miles distant 
from the City and County Hall, easy 
of access by street cars, stages and private conveyance. This farm is the property of 
Mr. Bronson C. Rumsey, and was established sis or seven years ago for the purpose of 
supplying breeders with fine blooded short-horn bulls and heifers. The grounds 
include about 900 acres, are eligibly and beautifully situated, afford ample pasturage, 
running water and shelter, accommodate about 100 head of choice bulls and cows, and 
are under the personal supervision and management of Mr. Wm. H. Gibson, one of the 
most experienced and capable stock men in this country, a native of Leicestershire, 
England, born in 1845 of a family famous for its connection with the same industry, 
and reared to it himself from childhood. He came to America in 1869, in charge of a 
shipment of short-horns imported by Wolcott & Campbell, of the New York Mills, 
Utica. He remained with the firm named for several years, resigning charge of their 
herd not long previous to their great sale of September, 1873 — the most noted event of 
the kind that ever occurred in this country, when 108 head of cattle were disposed of 
under the hammer, realizing $380,490, or an average of $3,523 per head. In 1880, when 
Mr. Rumsey became practically interested in the breeding of fine cattle, Mr. Gibson's 
services were secured, and from that time to the present he has devoted his best energies 
and thorough practical knowledge of the business to the improvement of the herd 
committed to his care, and whatever honors have been achieved by this renowned herd 
(now said to be the finest of the kind on the North American continent) is due, blood 
aside, to Mr. Gibson's intelligent and conscientious labors. The exercise grounds, 
stables, residence of manager, outbuildings, etc. , all on the most liberal and complete 
scale, occupy about ten acres ; from ten to thirty men are employed as the season may 
require, and the annual sales reach a very large aggregate, varying from year to year, 
but constantly increasing, mostly of bulls to Western breeders, who frequently come 




198 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



from the far-away Pacific slope, Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas and elsewhere, 
in order to secure choice specimens from this superb herd. 

the magnificent animals now in stable and ready to begin the season of 1887 we 
make mention of the following because of their fine promise or established reputation, 
via.: Bulls — Imported Grand Duke of Connaught, 56303; imported Knight of Oxford 
Second, 89549 (43440); Duke of Niagara, 69368; Third Baron Oxford of Niagara. 
Duchess of Niagara; Second Duchess of Niagara; Duchess of Leicester, imported ; 
Thorndale Hose 19, imported; Wisdom Second, imported. 

A specialty is made of breeding the celebrated Bates pure-blooded short-horns. 
Pedigrees are guaranteed. Complete catalogue and descriptive list mailed free to 
applicants. 

GEO. N. PIERCE & CO., 



Manufacturers of Japanned and Brass Bird Cages, Refrigerators and Ice 
Chests— Nos. 6 to 18 Hanover St., Buffalo; New York Office and Salesroom, 
No. 195 Water Street. 

Few of those unacquainted with the 
trade have any idea of the extent of the 
bird cage industry, which doubtless foots 
up several millions of dollars annually in 
this country alone. Buffalo contributes 
largely to its volume, her leading house 
in this line, Geo. N. Pierce & Co., making 
no less than one hundred and sixty-five 
distinct patterns of these goods in ja- 
panned and brass wire, many of them 
real works of art, and all beautiful and 
well-made. These goods have made for 
themselves a first-class reputation, and 
are in demand all over the country 
because of the superior material and 
workmanship employed, and the good 
taste and originality displayed, embrac- 
ing 165 styles. 

Messrs. Geo. N. Pierce & Co. are also 
extensive manufacturers of superior re- 
frigerators, of which they produce twenty 
styles and forty-eight sizes, covering the 
entire range of these indispensable ad- 
juncts to comfortable and economical 
house and hotel-keeping. The " Empire " 
refrigerator is the best low-priced re 
frigerator in the market, charcoal filled, 
oak grained, overlapping doors, and por- 
celain casters — a favorite with house- 
keepers of small family. Other styles 
are the single, double and four-door 
"Polar," hardwood and water-cooler 
"Polar/' all charcoal filled, zinc-lined, 
with galvanized shelves, porcelain 
casters patent locks, best finish, best 
goods, with porcelain water-coolers 
where required, and in all respects A 1 ; the "King" made of clear oak lumber and 
elegant trimmed; the "Pearl;" the "Favorite" dry air refrigerator and ice-chest 
combined; the "Champion" sideboard refrigerator the "Economy" and other side- 
board refrigerators — splendid poods; the "Triumph" and "Superb" refrigerators, and 
several patterns of improved domestic and grocers' ice-chests. We have not space here 
to set forth the many attractions and superior points of these several devices, but the 
trade will be supplied with catalogues on application. 

Tbe firm of Geo. N. Pierce & Co., in 1878, succeeded Messrs. Geselgen & Voght, who 
founded the business in 1864. Besides a fine complement of the best and latest- improved 
machinery the firm employ about 150 skilled mechanics, turning out $125,000 worth of 




THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 199 



goods per annum, which are sold all over the Union and in foreign lands. Five travelers 
are constantly on the road, and their orders keep the works in full operation from year's 
end to year's end, the output averaging 100,000 bird cages and 7,000 refrigerators and 
ice-chests. 

Mr. Pierce is a Pennsylvanian who has resided in Buffalo for twenty-five years, 
twenty of which were devoted to his present line of business. He is a member of the 
Board of Trade in high standing. His late partner, Mr. N. S. Miller, died at Paris, 
France, July 15th, 1886. He was a capable, honest man, whose loss is deplored by the 
community. 

JACOB VIERGIVER, 

Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Paints, Oils, Varnishes, English, French, 
German and Pittsburg Window and Plate Glass, Wax, Artists' Materials, 
etc.— No. 9 Swan St., between Main and Washington. 

The career of the above-named gentleman furnishes another striking illustration of 
what may be accomplished in this free country by persevering industry combined with 
intelligence and enterprise in a given direction. Mr. Viergiver was born in Holland, 
landing in the United States a little over forty years ago with little more than his 
ready and willing hands, his entire capital consisting of a single five-franc piece. 
Coming to Buffalo eleven years later, he began in earnest the battle of life. In 1863 he 
joined his fellow-countryman, Mr. John C. Post, in the paint, oil and glass business, 
the firm being Post & Co., changed in 1865 to Post & Viergiver. Mr. Post withdrew in 
1871, since which time the concern has been conducted by Mr. Viergiver alone, occu- 
pying the handsome three-story store No. 9 East Swan street, 20 feet front by 80 feet 
deep, with commodious basement, and conveniently fitted up in every department for the 
transaction of a large and flourishing business, averaging of late years about $65,000 
per annum. 

Mr. Viergiver carries at all times complete lines of all goods pertaining to his trade, 
embracing superior grades of white lead, colors dry and in oil, fine imported and 
American varnishes, linseed oils, raw and boiled, artists' materials, wax, imported and 
American plate and window glass, glass globes, etc. He has the general agency for 
the celebrated Pittsburg Plate Glass Co., and is prepared to fill orders promptly and at 
factory prices. 

Mr. Viergiver deservedly enjoys the confidence and a liberal share of the patronage 
of the painters, contractors and retail dealers of Buffalo and the country round about, 
and is popular with all who known him by reason of his well-known integrity, liberality 
and courteous manners. 

THE MERCANTILE ASSOCIATION OF THE 
UNITED STATES. 



F. M. DeCeu, Manager ; Andrews & Hill, Attorneys— No. 30 Fast Eagle St. 

Every branch of mercantile and professional business is victimized to a greater or 
less extent by persons who contract accounts and then, either willfully or through 
neglect, fail to settle. The losses thus occasioned aggregate many millions of dollars 
annually in this country, and it is for the benefit of the sufferers thereby that the Mer- 
cantile Association of the United States was organized during the past year, with head- 
quarters at No. 30 East Eagle street, Buffalo; F. M. DeCeu, manager. The association, 
in brief, is a union of retail merchants, physicians, attorneys, dentists and others for 
mutual protection against non- paying debtors, and for the speedy collection of over-due 
accounts. The association maintains corresponding and collecting agents at all impor- 
tant points throughout the United States and Canada, and all business i« transacted 
quietly, promptly and in the best shape. The demand for such an association, properly 
conducted, has long been recognized, but, so far as we are informed, the plan adopted here 
is the only one that has proved equal to the wants of a much-swindled and long-suffering 
community hitherto regarded as legitimate prey by the legions of dead-beats distributed 
all over this continent. Up to this time the Mercantile Association has proved unex- 
pectedly successful, is now in a flourishing condition, and its prospects for future 
usefulness and profit are extremely flattering. Full explanations and particulars are 
mailed on application to the manager. 






THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



SCHNEIDER & BETZ, 



Manufacturing Jewelers -Seal, Chased and Plain Rings, Badges and Em- 
blems a Specialty— Nos. 114 and HO Clinton St. 

The steady growth of manufacturing interests of all kinds in 
this city is a feature of itself which calls for more than pass- 
ing mention. Among the lines that are well represented none 
are more conspicuous than the jewelry business. Among the 
firms that have in a remarkably short space of time taken a 
prominent position is that of Messrs. Schneider & Betz, Nos. 
114 and 116* Clinton street. This firm, composed of Henry G. 
Schneider and John C. Betz, was organized in January, 1886, and 
began business under the most favorable circumstances. Both 
members previously had an experience of seventeen years as 
practical jewelers. They began manufacturing with every needed 
facility, their specialty being seal, chased and plain rings, chains, 
charms, and all kinds of jewelry, made to order on short notice 
and at very reasonable prices. Being possessed of artistic talent 
in designing, the manufacture of badges for parades, conven- 
tions, etc., society emblems and similar work, soon became an 
important feature of the business. Gold and silver-plating and 
engraving is done on short notice and in the highest style of the art. The extent of 
the business can be inferred from the fact that during the first year of the firm's ex- 
istence it amounted to $10,000, and extends all over Western New Yorkand Pennsyl- 
vania. The results have exceeded the firm's expectations, and it is safe to presume 
that during the ensuing year the business will be doubled. Mr. Schneider is a native 
of Germany, and has resided in this city since 1856. Mr. Betz is a thoroughgoing 
Buffalonian by birth and education, and both gentlemen combine in a high degree all 
the essential qualities that go to make successful business men. 




FRANK C. CHAMBERS, 



Successor to Bartholomew & Chambers— Draper and Tailor— No. 385 
Washington St., bet. Eagle and Clinton. 

The first thought of the well-to-do gentleman of good taste, when he decides upon a 
new suit, is, " To whom shall I give my order'?" — a question, usually, much easier to 
propound than to answer, for there are tailors and tailors, as there are lawyers and 
lawyers. Some of these alleged gentleman's costumers are mere mechanical automatons ; 
another class are true artists and make of every suit they undertake a poem in cloth, an 
epic in textiles, " a thing of beauty and a joy forever." And of these latter Mr. Frank 
C. Chambers, No. 385 Washington street, is a shining example, famous for cultivated 
taste, the true artistic instinct, and a finished sense of the eternal fitness of things. Mr. 
Chambers has devoted his life to an exhaustive study of his art, which he has never 
regarded as a mere trade, with the result of achieving a reputation co-extensive with 
the Union for correct taste, remarkable skill as a cutter, and a perfect mastery of details. 
Mr. C. is a graduate of one of New York's most celebrated fashionable tailoring estab- 
lishments, and has had great experience in leading Eastern and Western houses in the 
same line. In his own special field — the cutting of fine garments — it is doubtful if he 
has an equal in Buffalo or a superior anywhere. Importing the best and rarest weaves 
of French and English looms, giving conscientious attention to style and fit, and personal 
supervision to every stage of the work from measurement to finish, employing the 
highest skill in every department, making reasonable prices and demanding spot cash, 
while guaranteeing lit and quality, we have not far to seek for the secret of his success, 
and it will be found that the most elegantly attired gentlemen of Buffalo, Dunkirk, 
Titusville, and other neighboring and some distant cities are his regular patrons. 

The firm of Bartholomew & Chambers, formerly of Dunkirk, removed to this city in 

locating at No. 14 East Eagle street. During the past year Mr. Bartholomew 

retired, and Mr. Chambers succeeded to the business on his individual account, removing 

to his present location on the 1st of February last. That he will continue to prosper there 

can be no question, for true merit always meets with reward proportioned to its deserts. 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 201 



THE HOWARD STOCK FARMS. 



City Farm (Trotting Stock), Tifft St., Thirteenth Ward; Meadow Farm 
(Jersey Cattle), near Big Tree Station, Buffalo & Southwestern Railroad. 

Erie county is fast becoming, as a well- posted writer on live stock and sporting 
topics has aptly expressed it, "the Bluegrass Mecca of the North." Probably in no 
section of the country, Central Kentucky alone excepted, are to be found so many, so 
extensive, so well-conducted or so valuable and profitable farms devoted to the breeding 
and rearing of aristocratic equine and bovine stock as in Erie and Niagara counties — 
the former more especially. We have had occasion to refer to this important interest 
in another portion of this work, and in this place desire to make special reference to the 
two splendid farms of Gen. R. L. Howard— one located in the Thirteenth ward within 
the city limits, known as the Howard stock farm, the other within a mile of Big Tree 
station, B. & S. W. railroad, and called the Meadow farm, both of which we have 
personally visited and inspected. 

The Howard stock farm (known also as the City farm) consists of 178 acres of 
superior grazing and gardening lands, all under substantial fence and handsomely 
improved— with manager's residence, large barns, stables, exercise track and grounds, 
pastures, running water, and every requisite essential and convenience. The display 
of blooded animals embraces about sixty-five horses and mares of renowned trotting 
pedigree, comprising the get of several of the most celebrated trotting stallions known 
to the American turf. At the head of this distinguished array stands the noted horse 
Wilkie Collins, bred by Capt. B. J. Treacy of Lexington, Ky. Wilkie Collins is a son 
of the great George Wilkes, the most celebrated son of Rysdyk's Hambletonian. On 
the dam's side Wilkie Collins is descended from Pilot, Jr., and seven thoroughbred 
crosses. As becomes his superb descent, he is a noble animal both in appearance and 
action. He is eleven years old, 15^ hands, a rich black with star and white heels 
behind, has a sensible head, fine neck, heavy middle piece, strong arms, muscular quar- 
ters, good bone, sound feet and pure trotting action; does not require boots or toe- 
weights, and, no doubt, in proper condition and handling, can beat 2:20. His colts 
possess good tempers, splendid action, are very stylish, fine size, and have plenty 
of bone and muscle. Several of Wilkie's get have shown better than three minutes 
at three years of age. 

In the selection of his brood mares Gen. Howard has been guided by the established 
truism, " Blood will tell," and has availed himself of none but the best trotting strains. 
They were sired by such horses of national reputation as Ericsson, Allie West, Admin- 
istrator, Howard's Mambrino by Mambrino Chief, Case's Norman, Field's Royal George, 
Aberdeen by Rysdyk's Hambletonian, Messenger Duroc, Wood's Hambletonian, Balsora 
by Alexander's Abdallah, Rochester by Aberdeen, Almont, Jr., by Almont, Stephen A. 
Douglas and others. The list includes Alice Grey, gray, 11 years old, sired by Allie 
West, bred by T. L. Coons, Fayette county, Ky., record 2.25; Aberdale, 9 years old, sired 
by Aberdeen by Rysdyk's Hambletonian; Almontress, bay, 9 years old, by Hamlin's 
Almont, Jr., bred by R. L. Howard, record 2.26; Annie Stephens/chestnut, 8 years old, 
by Administrator by Rysdyk's Hambletonian, bred by Capt. B. J. Treacy, Lexington, 
Ky. ; Belle Messenger, bay, 11 vears old, by Messenger Duroc by Rysdyk's Hambletonian, 
bred by R. L. Howard ; Fanny, chestnut, 9 years old, by King George by Field's Royal 
George ; G.psey, bay, 7 years old, by John Gilpin by Strader's C. M. Clay, bred by R. L. 
Howard; Josie Eaton, bay, 22 years old, by Ericsson by Mambrino Chief; Josephine, 14 
years old, by Wood's Hambletonian, bred by F. H. Arnold, Port Allegany, Pa. ; Laura 
Bassett, chestnut, by Balsora by Alexander's Abdallah, 15 years old, bred by S. Patter- 
son, Jessamine county, Ky. ; Lizzie Bassett, chestnut, 7 years old, by Rochester by 
Aberdeen, bred by R. L. Howard ; Mollie Grey, gray, 15 years old, by Brayman's Young 
Norman by Case's Norman by Nottingham's Norman, bred by H. M. Starr, Medina, 
N. Y.; Maggie Patchen, bay, foaled 1879, by Pluto by Mambrino Patchen, bred by R. 
L. Howard; the Rebel Mare 2d, foaled 1869, by Howard's Mambrino by Mambrino Chief, 
bred by R. L. Howard, dam a rebel cavalry mare with a romantic history ; Reindeer II., 
chestnut, foaled 1874, by Howard's Mambrino by Mambrino Chief, bred by R. L. Howard ; 
Nellie Gilpin, bay, foaled 1882, by John Gilpin by Strader's C. M. Clay ; Gipsey Girl, bay, 
foaled 1877, by Stephen A. Douglas by Rysdyk's Hambletonian, bred by Capt. W 
Robinson, Chautauqua county. Sister to Nellie R., 2:22^. 

These brood mares are all perfectly sound, and possess speed, size, action and finish. 
Their produce by Wilkie Collins have been pronounced, by disinterested parties, equal 
to the get of any other stallion in the United States. Over seventy-five per cent, of the 

13 






THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



ml fillies possess a striking resemblance of their sire in uniformity of color, style, 

: symmetry of form. The majority are rich hlacks, bays or browns in color. 

following ifl a partial list of stallion colts sired by Wilkie Collins and 

bred bj Gen. Howard: Almont Wilkes, bay, foaled May, 1883; Almo Wilkes, bay, 

April 30th, L885 ; Grey Wilkea, 44:; 1, steel-gray, foaled April 19th, 1885; Medina 

Wilkes, brown, foaled May 29th, l ss "> ; Royal Wilkes, 443(j, bay, foaled 1884; Superb 

-. I 188, brown, foaled October 9th, 1885; Buffalo Wilkes, black, foaled August 22d, 

.as bred by ex-Alderman Twitchell ; and Charlie Wilkes, gray, foaled 1885, was 

bred by Charles Newton, Hamburg, N. Y. 

Gen. Howard has Wilkie Collins iillies of his own breeding as follows: Bella Wilkes, 
bay, foaled October 23d, 1885; Bertha Wilkes, bay, foaled May, 1883; Cornelia Wilkes, 
black, foaled 1883; Daisy Wilkes, chestnut, foaled July 10th, 1885 ; Georgia Wilkes, 
chestnut, foaled May, 1883; Josie Wilkes, black, foaled 1884; Kate Wilkes, bay, foaled 
March 27th, 1885 ; Louise Wilkes, bay, foaled 1883; Maud Wilkes, chestnut, foaled 
June, 1883; Nellie Wilkes, brown, foaled 1882 ; Norma Wilkes, bay, foaled 1883. All 
of the animals named in this article, with very few exceptions, are standard bred and 
registered. Winona Stanton, chestnut, foaled 1883, by General Stanton, bred by Geo. A. 
Chambers, Winona, Ont., also makes her home here. 

Gen. Howard's line of geldings comprises numerous splendid animals; among them 
Allie Wilkes, black, foaled May, 1883; Golden Wilkes, chestnut, foaled 1881, and Willie 
Wilkes, bay, foaled May, 1883, all of his own breeding from choice mares by Wilkie 
Collins; Charlie Newton, bay, foaled October 30th, 1881, by S. J. Tilden, bred by Chas. 
Newton, Hamburg; Henry, bay, foaled 1880, by Rochester by Aberdeen, bred by Gen. 
Howard ; Moonlight, gray, foaled April 12th, 1880, by Hero of Thorndale, bred by Chas. 
Alexander, Woodford county, Ky. 

Of elegant and high-bred roadsters we note : Annie Wilkes, bay, by Wilkie Collins, 
foaled May 22d, 1881, bred by Gen. Howard; Highland Maid, chestnut, foaled 1879, 
15% hands, by Kerr's Highland Boy, bred in Canada ; Miss Stanton, chestnut, 15% 
hands, foaled 1879, by General Stanton; Neppy, bay mare, foaled June 28th, 1880, by 
W. M. Rysdyk by Rysdyk's Hambletonian, bred by Henry Peterson, Seneca county, 
N. Y. ; Nellie R. , "record 2:22^, by Stephen A. Douglas out of a well-bred mare owned 
by Capt. Robinson, Fredonia, N. Y. — bought last year by Gen. Howard. 

Mr. Howard Conkling, superintendent of this leading stock farm, is about 37 years 
of age. He has spent his entire life from childhood in the breeding and training of 
horses, and has no superior in his specialty. He took charge of Gen. Howard's horse 
interests in 1879, and has proved a most capable, faithful and successful manager, who 
thoroughly understands his calling in all its ramifications. 

The farm itself has been established some twenty years, and is noted for the number 
and value of the fine harness animals it has produced and contributed to the turf and to 
the stables of admirers of fine horseflesh. 

A large number of blooded colts of Wilkie Collins' get are offered for sale. Their 
dams were by such celebrated sires as Messenger Duroc, Allie West, Aberdeen, Wood's 
Hambletonian, Administrator, Almont, Jr., Ericsson, all standard, and other well-bred 
mares. The two-year-olds and over are well broken to single and double harness. 

MEADOW FARM. 

This is one of the most delightful rural establishments in Western New York, com- 
prising 350 acres of fertile and highly improved land, 270 acres of which are devoted to 
crops and fruits, and 80 acres to the breeding and pasturing of Jersey cattle and the 
prosecution of dairy operations. The General owns a beautiful and conveniently 
arranged mansion here, where with his family he resides during the heats of summer, 
living upon the fat of the land, inhaling the pure breeze cooled by its passage across the 
limpid waters of Lake Erie, and storing up health and vigor sufficient to fortify against 
the influences of city life from year to year. A cordial welcome is here extended to all 
visitors, and a generous hospitality dispensed that carries one back in memory to the 
happy days spent with the big-hearted farmers of Kentucky's garden-spot, the Bluegrass 
region. On the occasion of our visit we were received and entertained in Gen. Howard's 
absence by his efficient and intelligent lieutenant and superintendent, Mr. Oliver Knapp, 
a native of this county, whose almost forty years of life have been spent upon the best 
farms in this portion of the State, who for the past three years has had charge of 
Meadow Farm, and who has a thorough practical knowledge of the requirements of his 
position, together with unusual executive capacity, an innate love of his occupation, and 
a conscientious desire to perform well and to the satisfaction of his employer every duty 
devolving upon him. Provided with all the assistants he needs and half-a-dozen mag- 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 203 

nificent farm horses, together with all the tools, machinery, vehicles, etc., required for 
the successful working of the farm, Mr. Knapp is noted for the yield and quality of 
his crops, the care lavished upon his stock, fences and outbuildings, and the superiority 
and quantity of the milk and butter produced from the splendid herd of pure-bred 
Jerseys under the care of W. A. Field, as well as the attractive appearance and fine 
condition of the cattle and their progeny. The sales of butter alone for 1886 reached 
3,000 pounds, bringing the highest prices paid. 

Gen. Howard's herd of Jerseys numbers at present forty-six head of bulls, cows and 
yearlings, which will be considerably augmented by natural increase during the 
approaching season. The value of this herd in money it would be difficult to estimate. 
The herd, as before stated, is of the purest strain without a drop of plebeian blood in its 
veins, and it is rather Gen. Howard's object to afford the dairy interest the means of 
improving their stock by the judicious introduction of fine blood than to realize large 
and sudden gains by extensive sales. The General is justly proud of his herd, and of 
the success that has hitherto attended his efforts to benefit the class referred to, and will 
continue to assist them in their praiseworthy war against shams, and for the education 
of the masses to a proper appreciation of rich milk and genuine butter. 

Of this herd — of which every member is a royal prince or princess in his or her own 
right — the following with their pedigrees are registered in the American Herd Book, viz. : 

Worthy Beauty 2d, 16635 ; sire, Bristol Brown, 6681, descended through a noble line 
from imported Prince of Jersey, 66, imported Jersey Queen, 1410, imported Splendid, 
16, and imported Jessie, 28 ; dam, Worthy Beauty, 16632, out of Locust Blossom 2d by 
Winfield, 5005. She is a solid light fawn in color, with full black points, and has a 
pedigree and individual record equal to the best. 

Duke's Lassie, 16890, dropped April, 1882; sire, Duke of Ghent 2d; dam, Midget, 
14254 ; solid fawn, full black points. Pedigree in part identical with that of Jersey 
Belle of Scituate, 

Emma Mc 5th, 13960, dropped October 13th, 1881 ; sire, Gilderoy 2d, 4037 ; dam, 
Emma Mc, 4649; solid fawn, black points, a premium heifer. 

Cuddie, 17267; sire. Pride of the Island, 5416, imported October 6th, 1880; dam, 
Lady Warnock, 11909, imported October 6th, 1880. Pride of the Island was sired by 
Le Broeq's Prize. Cuddie is a solid fawn, black points. 

Bright Lady 3d, 16451; solid fawn, full black points; dropped January 17th, 1882 ; 
sire, Prince of M. 2d, 5507 ; dam, Bright Lady, 5938. Bright Lady is one-fourth Albert, 
44, and a very fine cow. 

Bristol Bella, 15697; solid fawn, full black points; dropped February 13th, 1881; 
sire, Pompus. 2881 ; dam, Dolly P., 10129. 

Cuddie's Prince, 11795, by Alphea Prince, 6337, by Mercury, 432. This bull took first 
premium at Erie county fair last fall over all on exhibition, and is considered one of 
the most valuable animals of his kind in the State. 

Calves, both male and female, for sale. Pure Jersey cows and calves for sale at 
reasonable prices; also standard bred Wilkes colts and road horses at less than Kentucky 
prices. Address R. L. Howard, Buffalo, N. Y. 



CHARLES P. RUPPERSBERG, 

Manufacturer of Fancy Furs— Show Room, No. 383 Main St., over Hamilton 
& McCracken's— Seal Work a Specialty— Sacques Redyed, Refitted and 
Repaired. 

In a climate like this furs are a prime necessary of life, without which comfort is 
simply unattainable by those who venture out doors in winter ; particularly ladies, 
who, accustomed to warm rooms and protection from even the rough winds of spring 
and autumn, are illy calculated to brave the fierce blasts of winter. Of the two practical 
furriers engaged in manufacturing in this city, one, Mr. Charles F. Ruppersberg, has an 
elegant show and salesroom at No. 383 Main street, second floor, McArthur building, 
where buyers will find in the season the largest, finest and most valuable stock of these 
goods in the State, outside of New York, fancy furs being Mr. Ruppersberg's specialty. 
Ladies and others interested are cordially invited and will be warmly welcomed. Mr. 
R. employs thirteen carefully trained and very skillful operatives, and is prepared to 
manufacture to order any description of seal cloaks, sacques, fancy furs, etc., in the 
neatest, best and most stylish manner and at short notice. Such are his facilities that 
he will engage to make to order fine seal sacques for $75 less than any other Buffalo 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



fit, workmanship, style and material guaranteed. As a natural consequence of 
ill and liberality ne is building up a large business, though established only since 
tlif season of 1885, 

Sonic of the finest work of this kind that has ever come under our observation we 
saw in his elegant moms. Resides a superb line of seal furs we noticed a number of 
fur mats of most elaborate workmanship— one in particular, composed of over 9,000 
distinct pieces, beautiful to look at and luxurious to the touch. 

Mr. ttuppersberg came to Buffalo from New York some sixteen years ago, and for 
fifteen years was manager or Bergtold's establishment. He is quite popular. 



H. M. BACKUS OIL COMPANY, 



Manufacturers of the Celebrated Backus Shafting and Journal Grease and 
Machinery Oils— Office and Factory, Nos. 52, 54: and 56 Norton St., 
Corner Brie. 

A good lubricant — one that does its work well and economically — is of the utmost 
importance to all who own or have the care of machinery, and has been the object of 
long and patient search, because it has long been known that unlimited sale awaited the 
discovery of a grease that would render entire satisfaction, both in effectiveness and 
price. The H. M. Backus Oil Company, of this city, has achieved wonderful success in 
this direction, its Backus shafting grease and cylinder oils and machinery oils having 
come into general use upon their merits, and their popularity at home and abroad in- 
creasing from year to year. A perfect knowledge of the requirements of the trade, 
great skill and ample resources have enabled this company to push its experiments and 
researches to a greater extent than most of its rivals, with the result named. From a 
vast accumulation of flattering testimonials in the possession of the company we select 
the following from Hardwicke & Ware, proprietors of the famous Buffalo tube works: 

Buffalo, December 23, 1886. — II. M. Backus Oil Co. : Gentlemen — It is now over 
eight months since we adopted the Backus journal grease for lubricating our shafting, 
and our superintendent, who was opposed to it at first, is so well pleased with it now 
that it would be hard to get him to go back to using oil, eveu if we got it for nothing, 
because the journals are always cool and there is no danger of fire by heating, and no 
dripping and wasting on the floor, as when we used oil. Yours truly, Hakowicke & 
Warm. 

The folowing are some of those in Buffalo who use their shafting grease : George 
W. Tifft Sons & Co., iron works; Hardwicke & Ware, tube works; John C. Jewett 
Manufacturing Co., refrigerator manufacturers ; Pitts Agricultural Works ; Farrar & 
Trefts, iron works; George H. Dunston, lithographer; Heinz & Munschauer, bird cage 
manufacturers; George Pooley & Son, rope walk; Dempster Engine works, engine 
works; Niagara Elevator, elevator; Fountain Elevator, elevator; Swiftsure Elevator, 
elevator ; Anchor Line Steamers, steam propellers. 

The company's building, three stories in height, occupies the triangle between 
Norton, Erie and Peacock streets, and is quite extensive, equipped in the best manner, 
employs a large force of operatives, and turns out immense quantities of the goods 
named, which are shipped to all parts of the United States and Canada. A leading 
specialty is axle grease — a favorite grade with all who have tried it. 

This industry was established in 1879 by Mr. H. M. Backus, who, for some years 
previously, had been engaged in the oil trade at Cleveland, Ohio. That he has made a 
grand and growing success of his Buffalo venture there is no room for question. 



J. G. BALSAM, 



Architect and Civil Kngineer— Office, No. 51 1 Main St. 

Mr. Balsam, who was born in Germany, is a graduate of the technical school of 
Liegnitz, as also of the polytechnic high schools of Dresden and Berlin. Having thus 
become thoroughly proficient in the theoretical knowledge of his chosen profession, he 
next turned his attention to more realistic labor by entering the service of the govern- 
ment of his native country, which position he held for a period of three years. 

Considering the New World as affording a favorable field for more extended opera- 
tions, we next find him in America, connected with the N. P. R. It. Co. for two and 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 205 



one-half years, and afterwards with the Union Bridge Co. of Buffalo for a term of two 
years. This considerable and somewhat varied experience, combined with remarkable 
vigor and energy of character, have served to place Mr. Balsam in a prominent position 
amidst his loca'l compeers. In 1883 he established himself in business on his own 
account, and since that time, owing to his peculiar adaptability to varying and difficult 
circumstances, has deservedly received the liberal patronage of an appreciative pub- 
lic. The subject of this article is the type of a class who are ever welcome to the shores 
of America, inasmuch as the representatives of skilled labor, whether of the hand or 
the head, prove alike a credit and a benefit to their adopted country. Mr. B. has also 
evinced a laudable public spirit by identifying himself with philanthropic enterprises 
outside of his own vocation. He is at present engaged in contributing his share toward 
the task of resuscitating the Mechanics' Institute, and let us hope that through the 
united efforts of other earnest men and himself that worthy institution may rise 
Phcenix-like from its ashes, possessed of greater vitality and more perfect than before. 



MRS. D R. L. B ROAD, 

Druggist— Corner Erie and Pearl Sts.— Proprietress Broad's Instant Pain 
Cure and Patent Fumigating Disinfectant. 

The prominence attained by Mrs. Dr. L. Broad in Buffalo during the past twenty 
years is such as to warrant some mention in these pages. This lady has occupied a 
special sphere in the successful care and treatment of the sick and afflicted. Having been 
specially qualified in all tbat goes to constitute the successful nurse, Mrs. Broad de- 
voted her energies to the study of medicine and the successful treatment of the 
afflicted. As a result of a long and valuable experience in different hospitals and other 
public institutions, and a thorough knowledge of the drug business, this lady during 
her residence in Buffalo has prepared and put within the reach of the public valuable 
and well-known remedies. Broad's Patent Fumigating Disinfectant was thoroughly 
tested in St. Louis during the cholera epidemic of 1866 and found to be the best in use. 
In cases of diphtheria and scarlet fever it is invaluable, preventing contagion and 
materially aiding the patient to recovery. It has been indorsed by the boards of health 
of Buffalo, Chicago, New York and other cities ; by the International Cholera Confer- 
ence, and by leading physicians and chemists throughout the country. 

Broad's Instant Pain Cure entirely eradicates rheumatism, neuralgia, sprains, bruises, 
pains in the limbs, stiffness of the joints, swellings, freezes, chilblains, burns, ague in 
the breast or face, toothache, canker, nursing sore mouth, putrid or inflammatory sore 
throat, pleurisy, lameness of the back, kidney complaint or cramp, colic, dysentery, in- 
flammation of the lungs, etc. 

Mrs. Dr. Broad is a regular practitioner in medicine, and has confined her practice 
to the treatment of the diseases of women and children, and with great success. She 
also conducts an elegantly fitted up drug store at the corner of Erie and Pearl streets, 
and has enjoyed an unparalleled degree of prosperity. The demand for her prepara- 
tions comes from all parts of the country. The following, from a number of testimonials, 
substantiate the claims set forth for the fumigating disinfectant, are selected : 

North Buffalo, May 28, 1869. — With a knowledge of the ingredients of Broad's 
Fumigating Disinfectant, and the result of its use in the rooms of patients afflicted 
with malignant, sloughing, scirrhus diseases at the Erie county alms-house, I will say 
that its efficacy in removing the offensive smell of decomposing organic matter sur- 
passes any substance with Avhich I am acquainted. C. L. Dayton, M. D., Physician and 
Surgeon to the Alms-house. 

Buffalo, May 31. 1869. — I have given Broad's Fumigating Disinfectant a thorough 
trial, and can fully indorse the views of Prof. George Hadley. G. E. Mackay, M. D., 
Physician Erie County Penitentiary. 

From the nature and well-known properties of the articles entering into the com- 
position of Broad's Disinfectant 1 have no doubt but that it will prove very efficient 
where such an article is required. John Cronyn, M. D., Physician Buffalo Hospital. 

Chicago, June 27, 1867. — This is to certify that I have examined and submitted to 
trial, as a deodorizer, an article known as Broad's Patent Fumigating Disinfectant. I 
find it to be very efficient in removing unpleasant and noxious odors from the atmos- 
phere of rooms contaminated by the presence of decomposing organic matter. In my 
opinion, it will also prove efficacious, if freely and frequently used, in retarding, if not in 
arresting, the putrefactive process, while burning it diffuses a grateful odor, without 
emitting any vapors which are hurtful if breathed by the sick. James V. Z. Blaney, 
Consulting Chemist. 






THE LXJU'STJi/ES OF UUFFALO. 



CHARLES C. PENFOLD, 



Designer, Engraver and Manufacturer <>>" Pine Jewelry, Badges, Medals, 
etc.— Nos. - and I East Swan St. 




,-^ Sb y^ ^ r - Chas. 

' ' ' 'ri ) I l /T^l MIS ffi) IT F) - - <&i*^?%r C. P e n f old , 

^iil^livir^iLill/^^^^^ of Nos. 2 and 

4 East Swan 
street, Buffa- 
lo, is conced- 
ed to possess 
rare taste and 
skill in the 
designing 
and making 
of badges. 
He has been 
wo nderfully 
successful in 
his chosen 
specialty, and 
as a conse- 
quence he 
finds himself 
already in a 

flourishing condition from a business point of view, though established on his own 
account less than a year. 

Mr. Penfold is a practical designer and engraver, and a successful manufacturer 
of fine jewelry of artistic and appropriate design. His services are in great and 
growing request for the designing of badges and medals of every description, club 
and class pins, jewels and pieces for prize presentations in gold and silver, etc. 
Among his most notable efforts in this special direction may be mentioned a silver 
bronze medallion of President Cleveland (for which he has an autograph letter of 
thanks from the Chief Magistrate), and the new parade badge recently adopted by the 
select knights, A. O. U. W., of New York State, which he has had patented. Besides 
these Mr. Penfold has on exhibition a great variety of badges and medals, fine 
jewelry, bronzes, charms, etc., of his own designing, all beautiful and interesting, 
which will be cheerfully shown to all who desire to inspect them. The souvenir 
badges worn by Utica Commandery Knights Templar at the Elmira conclave, October 
12 last, were designed and made by him, and attracted universal attention and admira- 
tion for the taste, skill and artistic beauty combined in them. The badge consists of a 
passion cross, over which a banner is suspended by rings from a rod. The banner in 
turn bears on its field the raised figure of a horse, carrying a knight in full armor, be- 
tween the words "Utica Commandery No. 3," and "Utica, N. Y." The arms of the 
cross extend from a quarter to three-eighths of an inch from under the banner. The 
hilts of crossed swords and the lower end of the scabbards appear at the upper and 
lower angles formed by the banner and cross. The whole is suspended from a metal 
bar on which are engraved the words, "73d Annual Conclave." Mr. Penfold was also 
the designer and manufacturer of the badges worn on the same notable occasion by 
Lake Erie Commandery No. 20 of Buffalo, St. Omer Commandery No. 19 of Elmira, 
Lafayette Commandery No. 7 of Hudson, and other organizations distinguished for 
their handsome appearance and tasteful equipment. In point of design and workman- 
ship the decorations produced at this establishment are equal to any we have ever seen, 
and worthy of special attention from committees and individuals in search of unique 
and artistic productions in this line. 

Mr. Penfold's equipment of late improved machinery is complete. He also has the 
requisite apparatus, and is prepared to do every description of gold and silver-plating 
in the best manner and at short notice. 

Mr. Penfold is a native of Lockport, N Y. He entered the jewelry trade in 1872, 
having resided in Buffalo during the previous fifteen years, with the exception of two 
years spent at Providence, R. I., in perfecting himself as a practical jeweler and de- 
signer. He is a popular gentleman, and for six years was inspector of rifle practice in 
the 74th N. G. S. N. Y. 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 207 



HOWARD IRON WORKS. 



Manufacturers of Hotel, Factory and Store Hydraulic, Power and Hand 
Elevators, also Grain Elevators, Printers' and Book-Binders' Machinery, 
Steam Engines, Shafting, Hangers, Pulleys, Bark Mills, Tannery Fix- 
tures, Schlenker's Bolt Cutters, Howard Parallel Bench Vises, Taps and 
Dies, Set Screws, Every Description of Railroad Work, and Iron Cast- 
ings in General— Agency for the "Otto" Gas Engine— No. 287 Chicago St. 
The above is one of those great representative establishments that have contributed 
to the upbuilding of Buffalo, not only in the volume, variety and value of their pro- 
ducts, but in spreading abroad an accurate knowledge of her manufacturing and com- 
mercial resources. Established in 1849 by Mr. Rufus L. Howard, who still remains at 
its head, this superb enterprise at once took rank with the leading concerns of this 
continent, and has always sustained a pre-eminent reputation for the material, 
ingenuity, skill, finish and general excellence of its machinery, tools, castings, and, in 
short, every item of work done on its premises. Ten years ago at the Philadelphia 
Centennial Exposition these works were awarded the first grand prize medal and 
diploma for superior machinery over all competitors — an award the value of which 
will be appreciated when it is stated that the most famous iron and steel manufacturers, 
engine and machinery builders and inventors of this country, England, France, Ger- 
many and Italy entered their best productions and were eager, determined rivals for 
the honors accorded this unpretentious, yet grandly substantial and deserving Buf- 
falo house. Since then, as before, the course of the Howard Iron Works has been 
steadily and undeviatingly onward and upward, original and independent, always 
leading, never following, sustaining and strengthening its claim to superiority by the 
introduction of novelties in machinery and the improvement of old devices whereby 
they are rendered capable of faster and better work than ever. It has ever been the 
policy of the Howard Iron Works to encourage and employ inventive talent, the result 
of which is seen in the unusual number and recognized capacity of the ingenious 
mechanics found in its various departments, and the constant stream of new and im- 
proved devices designed and manufactured here. 

The premises, fronting on Chicago street, the Main and the Hamburg canals and 
Granger street, embrace something over two acres of the most valuable ground in the 
manufacturing district, two-thirds of which is covered by commodious and substantial 
buildings, containing the immense foundry, machine and wood-working shops. Two 
fine blast furnaces of twenty tons daily capacity add to the completeness of the works 
and enable the proprietors to make their own finished iron direct from the pig — an ad- 
vantage that will readily be appreciated by all who possess any knowledge of the 
business. The equipment in every department is as complete as long experience and 
practically unlimited means can make it, and is unsurpassed anywhere. A working 
force of nearly 300 skilled mechanics and laborers is constantly employed under the 
personal supervision of Mr. E. Schlenker, himself an accomplished machinist and in- 
ventor. The capital invested is between $200,000 and $300,000, and the annual output 
varies from $300,000 to $400,000. 

It would be impossible in the limits of an article of this kind to more than glance 
at and mention by name the various products of this truly colossal concern. Among 
the more important are the Howard steam, hydraulic and hand elevator for hotels, 
stores and factories, grain and coal elevator machinery, printers' and binders' ma- 
chinery, including hand and hydraulic presses, paper-cutters, stabbers, backers, etc. ; 
Schlenker's patent revolving bolt cutters of all sizes, Howard patent parallel bench 
vises, bark mills, centering lathes, railway frogs, switches, etc., iron and steel set 
screws, machine screw taps, bolts, and every description of small machinery and 
appliances for every conceivable purpose. They also have the general agency for the 
silent "Otto" gas engine. 

Mr. Schlenker, who is the patentee of much of the machinery they manufacture, 
exercises constant and close superintendence of every department, and nothing leaves 
the works until it has passed a rigid inspection. 

The Howard Iron Works enjoys the abundant confidence of the machinery-buying 
public everywhere, and its productions are in general use throughout this continent. 
Those interested are advised to send to headquarters for catalogue and price-list — a 
handsome book of over 100 pages — from which may be obtained much valuable infor- 
mation on the subject of manufacturing and machinery in general. 






THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



THE BUFFALO SATURDAY MERCURY, 

W.J. McCahill £ < '<>.. Publishers— W. J. McCahill, President ; John Fischer, 

gecretarj and Treasnrep— Office, Second Floor, No. oo Bast Seneca 8t. 

By reason of the rivalry of the dailies (which usually combine to crush out aspiring 
iere the publication of regular weekly newspapers in the cities is attended with 
many and serious difficulties, and only those entering this field amply equipped with 
capital, energy, industry :unl brains can hope to succeed. So fortified, however, and 
with a fixed determination to win, success is not impossible, as has been repeatedly 
demonstrated notably by the publishers of the Buffalo Saturday M> rcury, established 
by W . J. McCahill & Co. in April last. The Mercury is an exceedingly bright six-column 
quarto, full to the brim of entertaining local notes, condensed news and literary mis- 
cellany, and has already achieved wonderful popularity, as is shown by the figures 
relating to circulation, as follows: First issue, gratuitous; at end of first month, bona 
fnl, paid circulation, 1,300; end of second month, 1,500; end of third month, 2,500; end 
of fourth month, 3,700; end of fifth month, 4,500; end of sixth month (September), 
6,000; and on Saturday, December 4th, 16,000 copies were printed and sold in Buffalo 
and surrounding towns— a most gratifying exhibit, and one upon which the enterprising 
proprietors have every reason to congratulate themselves. Under a continuation of 
such capable management the Mercury's future is assured, and the problem of how to 
live and be happy in a bear's den will again be solved— for the struggling weekly, 
surrounded by rich and powerful dailies, occupies just that position. The Mercury has 
a large and growing circulation, not only at home but in all the adjacent New York and 
Pennsylvania towns— Erie, Bradford, Oil City, Dunkirk, Medina, Elmira, etc.— a special 
edition being printed for that special purpose, filled with news, society notes, etc., from 
over 170 local correspondents in the States of New York, Pennsylvania and Ohio. 

December saw the opening, in connection with the Saturday Mercury, of a job 
printing office, under the same management, which is complete and well-appointed in 
every department, and is already doing a large and profitable business. 

The Mercury occupies the entire second floor of No. 60 Seneca &treet, 26 by 80 feet. 
It is a flourishing establishment throughout. The capital invested is about $6,000, and 
is paying a fair return thus early. President McCahill and Secretary and Treasurer 
Fischer are well known and popular business men, endowed with tact and pluck suffi- 
cienl to carry their enterprise to a successful issue in the face of any conceivable 
obstacle, and there is no reason to doubt that they will do so. The firm have just set up 
a first -class cylinder press from the Bagley & Sewell Co., Watertown, N. Y. 



BUFFALO REFRIG ERAT OR MANUFACTORY. 

Peter A. Vogt, Manufacturer of Vogt's Patent Refrigerators for Hotel. 
Restaurant and Family Use, Ice Chests, Beer Coolers, etc. — Nos. 81 and 
K.J Broadway. 

Mr. Peter A. Vogt, head of the Buffalo 
Refrigerator Manufactory, has devoted thirty 
years of his life to this branch of industry. 
For a long period he was a practical workman 
in the shops of John C. Jewett, establishing 
himself as a manufacturer on a small scale in 
1865. Ingenious, studious and industrious, 
he introduced improvement after improve- 
ment, taking out patents upon the more impor 
tant and valuable, until at last a point of per- 
fection has been reached which seems to leave 
nothing desirable undone, and his goods are 
renowned throughout the length and breadth 
of the land for their beauty, economy and 
absolute reliability. Every ice-chest, refrig- 
erator and beer-cooler turned out of this fac- 
tory is carefully inspected previous to ship- 
ping, and all are packed with charcoal, well 
and substantially made, and finished in 
superior style. They are made of varying 
sizes, patterns and weights for different pur- 
Grained ice-chests, "Star" refrigerators, "Excelsior," 

refrigerators ; " Grocers' " 




poses, in styles as follows : 

"Reliable," " Standard " (illustrated herewith), "Monarch 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 209 

ice-chests, lunch-coolers in several patterns, and beer and ale coolers in eight or ten dif- 
ferent sizes and styles. The following are a few of the advantages presented by these 
chests, coolers and refrigerators : 

1. They have been before the public for the past twenty years, and are manufac- 
tured under three distinct patents, granted May 23, 1866, September 24, 1867, and March 
11, 1873. 

2. A perfect uniform temperature. 

3. A constant change of air in the provision chamber, without waste of ice or loss 
of air already cooled. 

4. A downward current of cold air prevents the provision chamber from being filled 
with warm air on opening the door. 

5. The cool air performs double duty of cooling and purifying the chamber and 
protecting it from warm external air. 

6. The great convenience of the ice chamber. 

7. The form of the provision chamber ; every portion of it can be used with equal 
convenience. 

8. Articles of strong and unpleasant and of delicate odor can be placed in the pro- 
vision chamber together without danger of mixing flavors. 

9. They are lined throughout with zinc, preventing the absorption of offensive 
odors. 

10. The stationary ice bottom is covered with galvanized iron, preventing taint. 

11. The crowning feature of these refrigerators is one by which, with the aid of 
rubber strips, the doors are made nearly air-tight. 

12. The wood-work portion is thoroughly kiln-dried, and in all particulars these are 
the best-made articles of the kind now offered the public. 

Mr. Vogt's premises are quite roomy, embracing the entire six floors and basement, 
40 by 100 feet, of the building Nos. 81 and 83 Broadway. The firm was formerly Gesel- 
gen & Vogt, Mr. Geselgen retiring in 1871. Mr. Vogt removed from the old stand, No. 
31 Main street, to his present location in 1883. He employs from fifteen to twenty 
skilled workmen in fitting up and finishing the goods, all of the mill work being done 
by contract elsewhere. Three active travelers are steadily employed. 



T. & E. DICKINSON, 

Dealers in Choice Diamonds, Rubies, Sapphires, Emeralds, Pearls, Rich 
Jewelry, Watches, Clocks, Solid Silverware, Plated Ware, Brass and 
Optical Goods, Canes, Novelties, etc. — No. 254 Main St. 

Beyond all question the above-named is the largest, best-equipped and most liberally 
patronized establishment of the kind between New York and Chicago. It is also the 
oldest, having been founded by its present head in 1849, occupying the noted old St. 
John's dwelling, then No. 370 Main street, used as a hospital in the war of 1812, and one 
of the few Buffalo residences spared by the British and their almost equally savage 
Indian all'es when Buffalo was burnt. In 1866 Mr. Dickinson made a business as well 
as life partner of his estimable wife; the present location was purchased; little by 
little, as the requirements of their growing trade demanded, the building was enlarged 
and improved and their facilities increased, until now the one is a most desirable prop- 
erty, 20 feet front, 130 feet deep, and five stories in height, and the other, as already 
noted, is one of the most extensive and complete in this country. All of the latest 
improved machinery and special tools used in the trade are provided, some thirteen or 
fourteen skilled jewelers and watchmakers are regularly employed, and a vast quantity 
of superior goods are produced, the specialties of the house embracing choice diamonds, 
rubies, sapphires, pearls, emeralds, rich jewelry in original and standard designs, 
American and imported watches and clocks, solid silver and silver plated ware, brass 
and optical goods, gold and silver-headed canes, and all the latest and most attractive 
novelties of the trade as fast as introduced. 

The store is a truly elegant and inviting place, the resort of the best people of Buf- 
falo and vicinity — the class who recoguize and appreciate artistic taste, genuine value 
and the highest grade of workmanship. Of course the aggregate annual sales are very 
large, and the firm of T. & E. Dickinsou is a prosperous one, a credit to the members 
and to the city. 






THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



BUFFALO RUBBER COMPANY. 



-^CAg^^fa 




AG£ Ncy BOSTON BELTING . c °Mpany. 




G. D. Barr, Proprietor— Manufactur- 
ers and Jobbers of India Rubber 
GoOds of Every Description— Pure 
<>ak-Tanned Leatber Belting and 
Mill Supplies — Agency of the Boston 
Belting Co.— Nos. 204 and 206 Main 
S( reet. 

One of the most attractive establish- 
ments in the city of Buffalo is the splen- 
did seven-story edifice occupied by the 
Buffalo Rubber Co., Main street, between 
Seneca and Exchange. The building was 
for many years occupied by the old estab- 
lished bouse of W. H. Glenny, Sons & Co. 
It was entirely rebuilt at a large outlay, 
two stories added, and especially adapted 
to the requirements of the Buffalo Rubber 
Co., which formally opened it with one of 
the finest displays in the country, during the 
past summer. Since that time the sales- 
rooms have been remodeled and lighted 
with electricity throughout. It would be 
difficult through a pen sketch to give 
an adequate idea of what such a com- 
prehensive assortment of goods, espe- 
cially in the rubber line, consists of. 
The display is so varied and artisti- 
cally arranged that it attracted crowds of 
visitors for several days after the opening. 
The facilities possessed for the manufac- 
ture of this company's celebrated pure 
oak-tanned leather belting and hose are 
unsurpassed, while the stock of rubber 
belting, hose, packing and mill supplies is 
conceded to be larger than that of any 
other house in the State. It is carefully 
selected from the best manufacturers in 
the country, of which the old reliable 
Boston Belting Co. of world-wide reputa- 
tion stands at the head. 

The trade of this company extends over 
a wide territory, having been built up by 
years of energetic effort. The firm was 
originally N. H. Gardner &Co., in 1853 ; in 
1873 it was succeeded by Barr & Curtiss, 
and in 1877 by the present proprietor, 
Mr. G. D. Barr. The latter has demonstra- 
ted that he is one of Buffalo's leading 
business men in the line of progress — 
a wide-awake and liberal business man 
and good citizen. 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



2LI 



SIDNEY SHEPARD & CO. 




BUFFALO STAMPING WORKS 




ftB£"£MBfifl" 



Buffalo Stamping Works— Manufacturers of Stamped, Pieced and Japanned 
Tin Ware, Metals, Tinmen's Supplies, Tools, Iron and Steel Cut Nails, 
etc.— Nos. 145, 147 and 149 East Seneca St. 

The leading establishment of its kind out- 
side the metropolis, and perhaps as exten- 
sive as any similar American concern, the 
house of Sidney Shepard & Co. was founded 
in 183G, and has pursued a steady upward 
and onward course to commercial distinc- 
tion from its inception. The firm removed 
in January from No. 68 Main street to Nos. 
145, 147 and 149 East Seneca street, where 
they occupy spacious and convenient quar- 
ters fronting 60 feet on both Seneca and 
Carroll streets, with a depth of 163 feet, 
four stories on the former and five on the 
latter thoroughfare. Here they have ample 
room for the transaction of an immense 
business, and largely increased facilities 
and opportunities for still further enlarging 
their operations. At the factory, No. 191 
Clinton street, every department is com- 
pletely fitted up with special reference to 
the demands of the specialties to which it 
is devoted, and each is complete in itself. 
The manufacturing plant and facilities are 
all that could be desired, including many 
devices and approved machines for econo- 
mizing labor and producing the most per- 
fect work rapidly and in large quantities. 
Much of this ingenious machinery was 
specially designed and constructed for and 
is covered by patents held by the firm ; it 
is consequently peculiar to this establish- 
ment and beyond the reach of competing 
man u f acturers. Steam power supplements 
and supplants hand-work wherever available, and the output is enormous in quantity, 
superb in quality, and almost infinite in variety. The equipment is valued at several 
hundred thousand dollars, in addition to which the house commands ample resources 
and is sound and responsible in all respects. 

As before stated, the Seneca-street building is headquarters of the firm, containing 
the principal office and salesrooms, and is a hive of industry at all seasons. The stock 
exhibited here is one of the most extensive ever offered the trade, and embraces almost 
all items of stamped, japanned and plain tinware for which there is any demand, together 
with a carefully selected stock of metals, tinners' supplies and house-furnishing hard- 
ware of every description. 

Necessarily, an establishment doing so widely- diffused a business enjoys many and 
important advantages over smaller concerns, and is prepared to fill heavy orders with 
the utmost promptitude, in the best and most satisfactory manner, and at rock-bottom 
figures ; consequently, Sidney Shepard & Co. have the entire confidence and a large 
share of the patronage of the trade, not only of the region immediately tributary to 
Buffalo, embracing Western New York and Pennsylvania, but throughout the East, 
North, South and West. 

Their branch house at Chicago, established some ten years ago, does a business to 
the full as extensive as that of the parent house here, and is increasing its sales and 
importance at a rapid rate. Here at home the firm employ several hundred skilled 
workmen in their various departments. It will thus be seen that Sidney Shepard & 
Co. confer as much indirect benefit upon the community in the way of providing re- 
munerative employment to large numbers of people as directly in attracting hither 
buyers of merchandise from a distance. The house is one of which Buffalo should be 
and is justly proud. 







THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 




SWAN-STREET CAFE. 

A. Oaks. Proprietor— No 11 East Swan St. 

p5==si The Swan Street Cafe was opened to public patronage by 
|Ijgg| its present proprietor, Mr. J. A. Oaks, in April of 1885, and 
is truly a model establishment, conducted on the most lib- 
eral scale throughout. Mr. Oaks is an experienced caterer, 
brought up to the business of ministering to the inner man, 
and in his present venture has spared neither labor nor 
expense in the effort to please the public and render his 
house popular with, and the regular resort of, the best citi- 
zens of Buffalo, and of such transient sojourners as ap- 
preciate the good things of life, prepared in the highest 
style of the art and served in an unexceptionable manner. 
That he has succeeded is evident from the large and con- 
stantly increasing patronage extended, and the general air 
of prosperity and pleasant bustle that pervades the entire 
place. 
Quests of the "Swan-Street" are provided with tempting meals, including every 
substantia] and delicacy of the season, at any hour of the day or night, served 
promptly by polite and attentive waiters, at comparatively very low prices. 

An elegantly appointed suite of dining parlors for the convenience of families, 
ladies and dinner-parties is provided on the second and third floors, reached by both 
stairs and elevator, where quiet and comfort add zest to the delicious viands. Lady 
visitors will find toilet rooms and other conveniences. 

The Swan Street is also the leading shell oyster house of the city, and patrons may 
have the luscious bivalves opened before their eyes, as all are opened on the premises, 
served promptly, neatly and in any style or quantity desired. Oysters are supplied to 
families and others by the hundred, quart or gallon, and delivered, fried, by the hun- 
dred or dozen. 

Private consumers are also supplied with chicken and lobster salads, green turtle 
soup, dressed and cooked game and fowls in season, boned turkey, etc. In short, the 
establishment is first-class in every particular, and well worthy the liberal support 
it receives at the hands of a critical and appreciative public. 



few.yaa^ 



SLATE MANTELS. 



Empire Slate Mantel Works— H. N. Warren, Proprietor— No, 109 Niagara St. 

of the principal slate mantel houses of Buffalo is that of Mr. H. N. Warren — 
the Empire Slate Mantel Works— No. 1G9 Niagara street, established by T. M. Ryan & 
Co. in 1885, Mr. Warren purchasing the plant in May of 188G. The factory is four 
Btories in height, 30 feet front, 200 feet deep, employs eighteen men, and turns out 
about $25,000 worth of finished goods per annum, all of which are eagerly taken by the 
trade, principally in the West. 

The object is to build up a first-class connection with builders, inside finishers and 
others more or less directly interested, and to that end the latest designs, novelties in 
patterns, superior mat. rial and workmanship and moderate prices are the rule. That 
this plan is a successful one goes without saying, and the products of the Empire Slate 
Mantel Works are already well and favorably known all over the country. 

Mr. II V Warren was formerly engaged in the newspaper business, and later in 
merchandising. Be is an old citizen of Buffalo, popular with all who know him. In 
i lo- late civil war he served his country with ardor and distinction for three years, en- 
teringthe Bervice as a captain and returning a colonel. He was seriously wounded in 
the last battleof the War at Five Forks, Virginia. 



TEE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 213 



A. T. KERR & CO., 



Wholesale Dealers in Wines and Liquors— No. 99 East Seneca St. 

Mean and adulterated drinks supply the temperance apostles and prohibition fanatics 
with their most powerful arguments, and if it were possible to abolish the manufacture 
and sale of these abominable concoctions there would be little need for stringent laws 
for the restriction, much less the prohibition of the liquor traffic. Some men and women 
are so physically and mentally constituted that an occasional glass of stimulant is 
necessary to their health and comfort, and to them the maker and dealer in pure, sound 
liquors is a real benefactor and friend, supplying them with the means of maintaining 
health, strength and courage to enjoy life and overcome its ever-recurring cares and 
difficulties. Such a house is that of A. T. Kerr & Co., the well and favorably known 
importeis and wholesale dealers in fine wines and liquors, No. 99 Seneca street. The 
house was founded by its present senior member in 1859 at No. 59 Main street. He 
removed to the present location in 1873, and in 1875 the firm of A. T. Kerr & Co. was 
organized, composed of Messrs. A. T. and A. D. Kerr and H. C. (ireen. 

The firm have a handsome four- story building, 25 feet front, 165 feet deep, with 
ample cellars, conveniently arranged throughout, and stocked on every floor with superb 
lines of the finest wines of noted vintages, fruity old French brandies, and rich and 
fragrant rye and Bourbon whiskies of the most celebrated brands — conspicuous among 
which is exhibited a rare stock of the renowned "Old Amber" rye, their leading 
specialty, a bland, ripe, oily and delicious whisky that has few equals and no superior — 
the favorite with bon vivant and medical practitioner alike. 

Messrs. A. T. Kerr & Co. have a very large and growing trade, extending over New 
York and adjoining States, averaging about $175,000 per annum. The house enjoys the 
confidence of and is popular with the trade and consumers wherever known. All of the 
members are natives of this county. Mr. A. T. Kerr was born in 1835, and has resided 
in Buffalo since 1854, clerking for Bidwell & Co. until 1857, subsequently keeping books 
for Renwick & Bissell, plumbers, for two years, when he embarked in the liquor 
business, first as a member of the firm of Kerr & Laing, and later by himself. He was 
a charter member of Neptune Hose No. 5, and is an exempt fireman. He is also an 
active Freemason. Mr. A. D. Kerr was born in 1842, and entered the firm in 1875, 
having been in his brother's employ previously. He served in the Sixty- fourth New 
York as a second lieutenant, and was wounded in the shoulder at Bristow's Station, 
October 14th, 1863, from which he has never entirely recovered. He is an Oddfellow, 
a Knight of Honor, and a member of the A. O. U. W. Mr. H. C. Green, born in 1838, 
came to Buffalo in 1859, and entered the firm in 1875. He is a Freemason, a Knight of 
Honor and a Workman. All are A No. 1 men, upright and faithful in every relation, 
and fairly entitled to their social and business prosperity. 



JACOB F. KUHN, 



Proprietor of the Union Brewery— Nos. 648, 650 and 652 Broadway. 

The Union Brewery, of which Mr. Jacob F. Kuhn is the proprietor, is one of the 
pioneer breweries of the city, and for this reason alone is entitled to special mention. 
A noteworthy point is the fact that several of the leading Buffalo brewers either 
received their practical training at the Union Brewery or were connected with it in some 
capacity. This brewery was planned on the best principles, and the beer brewed there 
has always stood high. At the present time there is not a brand of beer in the Buffalo 
market that excels it for purity or flavor. During the last fifteen years Mr. Kuhn has 
conducted it, and with good success. He has been ably assisted by his two sons, and 
the practical working of the establishment has for some time past been in their hands. 
For the year 1886 the product was about 6,000 barrels. The brewery is now refrigerated 
with a fifteen-ton Kransch refrigerating machine, which was put in operation during the 
present season. The plant of the brewery is being remodeled and will, when com- 
pleted, make the capacity at least 20,000 barrels per year. These improvements will 
consist of adding another story to the present brewery and additional storage rooms. 
The property occupied on Broadway affords plenty of accommodation for the improve- 
ments mentioned, which will tend to enhance the old-time reputation of this brewery. 
The Messrs. Kuhn are all level-headed, practical business men. Their aim has 
always been to give satisfaction to their customers, whether in the trade or otherwise. 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 

PETER G. STRAUB (Established 1873), 

l>,.il« i in all kinds .,i < m and Building Stone, Lime and Cements— Side- 

w alk Paver and Jobber— Manufacturer of Stone Burial Cases— Main Yard 

and Office, Nos.918 to !>:$(> Main St.; Branch Yards, No. 1151 Main and 

<>:?h Blllcott si. 

Mr. Straub lias been established in bis present line of business here in Buffalo since 

having been a member of the firm of Bauer, Straub & Co., to which he succeeded in 

Anions his most important recent building contracts were the Peoria (111.) post- 

office, erected in 1885, and the Erie (Pa.) postoffice, now nearing completion. These are 

both splendid pieces of work, and reflect great credit upon the builder. 

Mr. Straub is the most extensive layer of sidewalks in Buffalo, and his excellent 
work is seen in all portions of the city. He is also patentee and manufacturer of a new 
and improved stone burial case, which is rapidly coming into general use, since it affords 
perfect security and protection to the dead. 

The burial case is made from the best sawed stone, carefully grooved and hermeti- 
cally sealed, thus guaranteeing the preservation of the remains for a longer period than 
the old system. The prices are reasonable, and orders are executed and cases set on 
completion of the grave. 

Mr. Straub has the contract for working the county almshouse quarry, employing 
otherwise idle pauper labor for excavating, and skilled labor for quarrying and dressing 
the stone, which is of superior quality and much sought by builders, to whom it is 
supplied in immense quantities, besides what he requires for the various improvements 
upon which he is himself engaged. This plan of employing pauper labor, while it does 
not bring it into competition with free skilled labor, saves the taxpayers a considerable 
sum annually, which would otherwise go for the maintenance of drones, who can but 
will not work, save under compulsion, besides which the county receives a handsome 
royalty for the quarrying privilege, which, lying within the city limits, is of practical 
value to the contractor. 

Mr. Straub also handles all other popular varieties of building stone, Seneca and 
Ohio sandstone, etc., which he supplies to builders on reasonable terms. He carries 
large stocks of lime and cements, besides, and is prepared to fill orders promptly and in 
the best manner. His yards are three in number, viz. : One — where is also located his 
office— at Nos. 918 to 930 Main street, 140 by 150 feet; one at No. 1151 Main street, 80 by 
150 feet, and the third at No. 938 Ellicott street, 30 by 230 feet. He employs about fifty 
men, and does an annual business of over $100,000. 



C. J. DRESCHER & SON, 



Paper R<>\ Manufacturers— Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Printed Ma- 
nilas, Straw and Bag- Wrapping, Fancy and Print Papers, Straw and 
AVood Pulp Boards— Nos. 13, 15 and 17 Terrace. 

The leading paper box factory of Buffalo is that of C. J. Drescher & Son, Nos. 13, 15, 
and 17 Terrace, where they have six floors, 40 by 60 feet square, employ thirty-five men 
and girls, besides a fine equipment of first-class machinery, and turn out from 4,800 to 
5,000 boxes of all sizes per diem. They also make a specialty of strawboard tubes of all 
kinds and sizes for mailing maps, engravings, chromos, drawings, sheet music, etc., and 
are prepared to Bupply the trade with either boxes or tubes in any quantity desired at 
short notice and on reasonable terms. A fine steam engine supplies power for running 
all the machinery, paper and board cutters, presses, etc., required in the establishment. 

« .1 Drescher himself is also an extensive dealer in printed maniia wrapping papers 
for merchants, straw and rag wrapping, fancy and print papers of every description, and 
Bole agent for the goods of several celebrated straw and wood pulp board manufactures, 
whose products be furnishes to the trade at mill prices. His warerooms are at all 
times storked with full lines of goods of the kinds we have enumerated, and buyers and 
Others interested will do well to call and see the samples and prices. 

Mr. Drescher, sr., established the present business in 1867 at Nos. 188 and 190 Main 
strict . over the Hank of Commerce, removing in 1877 to No. 15 Terrace. By industry 
and close attention to the demands of the trade he has made his venture a conspicuous 
and profitable success. His son, Mr. C. A. Dresher, an active, industrious, live young 
man, has charge of the establishment. 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 215 

THE BUFFALO NATURAL GAS FUEL CO. 



D. O'Day,' President ; O. G. Warren, Vice-President ; John McManus, Secre- 
tary and Treasurer ; C. N. Payne, General Manager — Office, Rooms 4 and 
5 Coal and Iron Exchange. 

No more opportune or valuable discovery lias ever been made than that of natural 
gas. It has already revolutionized many branches of manufactures, and bids fair to 
prove in various ways the most beneficent of all the forces stored up in the bosom of 
Mother Earth, to be released and utilized when most needed for the comfort, conven- 
ience and profk of man. It has made a new, clean and healthful city of Pittsburg, 
reinspired Wheeling, warmed, lighted and beautified scores of towns throughout 
Western Pennsylvania, West Virginia and Eastern Ohio, and has at last been intro- 
duced to work its wonders here in Buffalo. Its cleanliness in use, economy and 
convenience, cannot fail to commend it not only to manufacturers but to housekeepers. 
First turned on at Wheeling in September last, the Intelligenc&r has this to say of it : 

" Next to the Pittsburg of former days, Wheeling has an unenviable reputation for 
smoke and soot and all the debris of dirt and blackness that results from the universal 
use of coal in an unscientific way — that is, in a way that did not consume the smoke. 
It was here as it was in Pittsburg, that every house vied with every factory in belching 
forth columns of smoke from its chimneys that rained down endless flakes of soot on 
the town. The inside and outside of our houses too plainly suggested smoke and soot 
and dirt. No amount of paint could keep down this unprepossessing appearance. It 
would persist in asserting itself as soon as the paint was fairly dry. The roofs on the 
houses, the paper on the walls, the carpets on the floors, the curtains in the windows, 
the shrubbery and grass in the yards, the trees on the sidewalks, all conspired to tell 
the tale of sulphur and soot, and all took on the complexion of a damaged reputation. 
The sorrows of wash-days in Wheeling can never be told, especially of the clothesline 
part of it — the hanging-out-to-dry ordeal. The breeze that dried the linen would rain 
down the carbon that so provokingly besprinkled it. Until the news that natural gas 
was coming, we all expected to plod along in this weary housekeeping throughout our 
lives, after the manner of our predecessors. But a great change in this matter of soot 
and blackness is about to occur — the same sort of a change that has already occurred at 
Pittsburg. Pittsburg is now a clean town. A collar and a pair of cuffs can be worn a 
whole day, and an ordinary cake of toilet soap will last a lady a week. To many people 
who have not seen Pittsburg lately this may appear incredible, but it is a fact. And it 
is all owing to the substitution of natural gas for coal to such a general extent. As it 
now is up in that once " smoky city " so will it very soon be down here in Wheeling. 
In a year or so, when gas is burned in all our homes and only colorless carbonic air is 
seen issuing from our chimneys, we will scarcely recognize the complexion of the old 
town. And when in winter there is no kindling to provide and split up, no shivering 
over damp fuel that refuses to ignite, no smoke to be driven down the chimney by a 
gust of changing weather, no sulphurous cinders and dust scattering ashes to take up, 
no unsightly barrels or bins of refuse in the back yards waiting to be hauled away to 
the dump pile, we shall all thank Providence that while our lamps still hold out to burn 
we were permitted to see this new order of things. Really and truly it will revolu- 
tionize housekeeping in Wheeling and give numberless weary hands a rest from hitherto 
endless scrubbing, sweeping and cleaning. This of itself, putting aside all we expect 
of benefit to our manufacturers, is enough to create a boom in the old town." 

Next to Pittsburg, Wheeling is the greatest iron and steel manufacturing point in 
the West, and all the mills and factories are using natural gas, which gives unqualified 
satisfaction. The same paper already quoted, interviewed Secretary Whitaker of the 
Whitaker Iron Company as to the value and acceptability of the gas. Mr. Whitaker 
said he was delighted with it. He could not say too much in its favor, for its advan- 
tages could not be overestimated. " There is no question about its making a better 
article of iron," said Mr. Whitaker. " No sulphur comes in contact with the iron as it 
is put through the various processes from the raw to the finished state. It cannot help 
but add to the durability of the product." 

" The gas is a great thing for most of your employes, isn't it ?" 

" The gas was hailed with delight by the men employed at the furnaces. The sul- 
phur and smoke from coal were annoying, and no doubt unhealthy. With natural gas 
all this is obviated. No grate bars are to clean, no clinkers to knock out of the furnace, 
the sulphur and smoke almost stifling the men in performing this work. In addition, 
there will be a great saving in furnace building. There are so many advantages that 



THE 1ND USTRIES OF B UFFALO. 



as over coal in the manufacture of iron that they cannot be enumerated. Wheeling 
fortunate in Becuring the new fuel. It means the continuance and increased 
Bl of her presenl mano factories, and unquestionably the erection of many more." 

These extracts are sufficient to prove the advantages of natural gas over coal, and it 
only remains for Buffalo manufacturers and housekeepers to stretch forth their hands, 
take hold of tin* new fuel, and at once and forever rid themselves of the annoyance and 
waste inseparable from the burning of coal. 

The Buffalo Natural (Jas Fuel Company was incorporated early in the past year with 
a rash capital of $•_»:>( I, l>00. The officers— well-known and popular business men — we 
have already named. The wells are located in McKean county, Fa., and the great sup- 
ply main is eighty-seven and one-half miles in length, capable of delivering here 
2,500,000 feet of gas every twenty-tour hours. The principal Buffalo station is located 
at No. 13 Franklin street, and the company's office at rooms 4 and 5 Coal and Iron 
Exchange building, Washington street, adjoining custom-house. During the past 
summer and fall about three hundred men were employed in the work of laying 
pipes and making connections on tbe west side of the city, numerous factories and 
private residences availing themselves of the vapor fuel as soon as turned on, in Decem- 
ber. It is already popular with our citizens, and the management is besieged with 
applications from people who are desirous of using it experimentally with a view to 
dispensing with coal. The entire city will be piped ere another winter, and the proba- 
bilitv is that the present facilities will have to be multiplied for the accommodation of 
the public. 

ORIENTAL BATH ROOMS. 

Turkish and Russian Baths— Wagner & Nugent, Proprietors— No. 850 Main St. 

The Oriental baths were opened by Mr. J. B. Wagner in 1882. He came here from 
New York highly recommended by leading residents of that city, and with an experience 
of sixteen years in this specialty — seven years with the Imperial Bath Co. and five 
years with Drs. At water and Angell, whose renowned baths are the resort of thousands 
from a distance, as well as residents of New York and surrounding cities, most of whom 
are sent to them by practicing physicians of high repute. Mr. Wagner has been 
remarkably successful with his Buffalo venture, and has gained the confidence of the 
medical profession and the general public in a marked degree. So large was his 
patronage, in fact, that in June of 1885 he was compelled to double his accommodations, 
so that at present, in addition to the original bath-rooms, the establishment occupies the 
entire ground floor of No. 850 Main street, which connects with the old quarters, and 
both are fitted up in the most complete and elegant manner for the reception and 
treatment of invalids and the general public. Every adjunct is modern, the baths 
located on the main floor, the heating and ventilating arrangements perfect, the baths 
equal to any in the world and superior to any others in this vicinity, and the entire 
concern is under the supervision of Mr. Wagner himself, of whose long experience we 
have already spoken. The subjoined letter speaks for itself: 
To whom it may concern : New York, October 1, 1881. 

The bearer, Mr. John Wagner, had charge of the bathing department of the New 
York Racquet Club, of which I am a member. I think they would have voted him the 
degree of A. B. (artistic bather), had it been suggested or thought of. I consider him an 
adept in the matter of bathing and rubbing, and that he has reduced those processes as 
mar as can be to perfection, and so recommend him. JAMES BUELL, 

Lni, Presidt nt of Importers & 'Traders' Bank of Neic York, and also of the United States 
Life Insurance Co. 

January 13th of the present year Mr. John A. Nugent, a native of Vermont, who has 
resided in Buffalo for the past seven years, became associated with Mr. Wagner as 
part proprietor and assistant manager, and the firm is now Wagner & Nugent. 

1'hvsicians furnish their patients written directions ; otherwise Mr. Wagner exercises 
his own ripe judgment, the object being to please and benefit every patron. The firm 
enjoy a lar^c and prosperous business, and expect to build up here one of the most 
famous bathing houses in the world. A fine pool and low charges — fifty cents per 
bath — tend to make the establishment popular, while the beneficial effects of medicated 
baths are universally conceded. 

A separate ladies' bath, complete in every detail, and elegant and luxurious in 
appointment, is soon to be in operation on Main street, near the gentlemen's baths, 
and will be under the management of Mrs. J. B. Wagner, assisted by a corps of female 
helpers. 



TEE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 217 



BUFFALO REAL ESTATE. 



A Most Attractive Field for Investment — Values Rapidly ou the Increase — 

Gigantic Improvements. 

The growth of Buffalo has been so extensive within the past decade, particularly in 
the outlying districts, that it is necessary to get out a new map almost every year. . In 
that extensive section included in the term East Buffalo, extending through an area of 
several miles along the Belt Line railroad, the real estate boom has been a phenomenal 
one. During the past year there has been remarkable activity in the extensive tracts of 
this section available for building purposes. According to Mr. Joseph Bork, who is an 
unquestioned authority, values in the class of real estate referred to have more than 
doubled within a year. It is pretty safe to assert that nearly all the property between 
the Belt Line railroad and the city line has changed hands recently, representing an 
average advance of 100 per cent. This property is being rapidly divided up into 
building lots and taken by a very thrifty element among the laboring class, of whom 
there has been large influx to this city within the past few years, The extensive manu- 
facturing, railroad and other industrial interests furnish .lucrative employment for 
thousands of the new-comers, while the Belt Line gives convenient access to those 
seeking homes in this part of the city, and which can be had at a moderate outlay from 
their earnings. As an illustration of real estate improvement, it is credibly stated that 
on one tract east of Fillmore avenue, between Sycamore street and Broadway, within the 
past year Mr. Bork sold 800 lots, upon which 500 houses have been built. A large 
Polish immigration has settled here and built up considerable portions of East Buffalo 
as if by magic. These industrious people now have two splendid churches, one of which, 
nearly completed, represents a cost of $30,000. The owners presented this congregation 
with the half interest held by them in the twenty-seven lots which were secured as the 
church site on Rother street, between Sycamore street and Broadway. Mr. Bork, who 
is in a position to know, gave it as his opinion that at no late day that entire section 
from the Belt Line railroad to Cheektowaga will be entirely built up. 

Among the transactions in this section in 1886, one piece of property sold in May for 
$12,000; later, in July, for $18,000, and finally, in November, for $34,000. This repre- 
sents purchases by prominent real estate men exclusively. In that central portion of 
the city between Main, Michigan, Broadway and Seneca streets, the growing demands 
for additional business blocks makes this class of real estate gilt-edge for investment 
purposes. In fact, there is no city in the country to-day where there is so much inquiry 
from outside capitalists for investment, or where the same opportunities are afforded on 
such a magnificent scale as in Buffalo. Among the best posted and most active operators 
in real estate, Mr. Bork stands prominently to the front. He has had thirty years expe- 
rience in the business, and is now the largest operator in the city. His office, at No. 363 
Main street, is thronged every hour in the day. Any business intrusted to him is sure 
to receive careful and judicious attention. Associated with him is Mr. Henry H. Voght, 
a rising young business man of experience, who is also well and favorably known. 



FOX & HOLL OWAY, 

Dealers in South Shore and Canada Sand— Yard, Fourth St. near Wilkeson ; 
Office, Room 2, Austin Building, Niagara, Franklin and Eagle Sts. 

It is of the greatest importance to property-owners and builders, pavers and others 
that the sand used should be of the beBt quality, since the durability of the work in 
which it is employed depends thereon to a great extent. 

The firm of Fox & Hollo way, established in 1883, with extensive yards at the inter- 
section of Fourth, Georgia and Wilkeson streets, and office in the Austin building, 
corner of Eagle and Franklin streets, are prepared with superior facilities in the way of 
teams and boats to supply contractors and builders with any desired quantity of the 
best lake sand, both South shore and Canada, promptly and on the most reasonable 
terms. It is unnecessary to explain the reasons for the superiority of this sand over 
all other kinds obtainable in this part of the country ; the fact stands undisputed and is 
sufficient. 

Mr. Charles W. Holloway has been in this business for a long period, his uncle, Mr. 
Isaac Holloway, having followed it for twenty years. 

14 






THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 




THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



219 



THE BUFFALO WOOD VULCANIZING CO. 



Largest and Most Complete Wood Vulcanizing Works in the World— J. F. 
Moult on, President ; D. O'Day, Vice-President ; F. A. Bell, Treasurer ; F. T. 
Moulton, Secretary— Office and Works, Ganson St. near Michigan ; Up- 
town Office, Coal and Iron Exchange. 




Of late years one of the great economic questions of the day, which has puzzled 
the minds of leading scientists as well as statesmen, has been that of the rapid destruc- 
tion of timber. Vast sections from whence came the great lumber supply of the 
country have been denuded to meet the enormous demand, and the question has 
gravely arisen as to what the result would be. As might be expected, inventive genius 
has solved the problem. In other words, a process has been discovered which renders 
wood of any kind as imperishable as iron, so far as the effects of temperature, moisture, 
etc. , are concerned. 

Heretofore the treatment of wood for durability has been confined to seasoning 
and kiln-drying. The effect has been the evaporation of the natural fluids, which 
deprived the fibre of chemical elements which ought to contribute to its strength and 
durability. The vulcanizing process herein referred to will revolutionize the old 
methods which have been in vogue from almost time immemorial. The principles 
involved in vulcanizing are simple and wonderful in effect. Wood subject to treatment 
is sumitted to immense air pressure, which prevents the escape of the fluid components 
when the high temperature is applied. The effect of the heat produces chemical changes 
in the fluids and other elements, which are thus retained, making it much stronger and 
more durable. All vegetable matter liable to generate decay is neutralized, and the con- 
sequence is the complete preservation of the wood. 

The Buffalo Wood Vulcanizing Company, organized during the past year, has now 
in successful operation the largest works of the kind in the world. The process under 
which they are working was patented five years ago, and was first introduced commer- 
cially a year later by the United States Wood Vulcanizing Co. of New York City. The 






THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 





THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 221 

Buffalo works rank among the most important of this city's industrial interests. They 
are centrally located on Ganson street near Michigan, adjacent to the Buffalo Creek 
railway, which connects with every railroad coming into the city. Being also situated 
on the Blackwell canal, they are equally accessible to the lake or canal. Hence all the 
shipping advantages of this great lumber market are at hand. 

For the purpose of treating lumber or wood of any kind there are two large steel 
cylinders, 100 feet each in length by &% feet in diameter. These readily admit of an 
air pressure of 200 pounds to the square inch, supplied by a large air compressor built 
by the Ingersoll Rock Drill Co. of New York, the steam cylinders of which are 20 by 
30 inches, and the air cylinders 18 by 30 inches. Within each of the large steel cylin- 
ders for treating the wood is over a mile of steam pipe coiled around the inner surface. 
Two of Moore's patent water-tube boilers, of 100-horse power each, built by the 
National Water Tube Boiler Works of New Brunswick, N. J., furnish the necessary 
heat and power. They are tested to carry a pressure of 300 pounds. The air and steam 
pressure varies for different woods. The works have a capacity of 100,000 feet per 
day, and it only requires from eight to ten hours to finish any lot. The ordinary 
pressure required is from 156 to 200 pounds at a temperature of 250 to 500 degrees. 

From scientific tests made at the Stephens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, N. J., 
by Prof. Thurstone, it appeared that the strength and durability of wood treated by 
this process was from 20 to 23 per cent, greater than lumber seasoned the ordinary way. 
Green lumber especially exhibits the best results, as the fluids are coagulated, thus 
filling up the pores and cementing the fibres together. It will not shrink, swell or 
checks. Railway ties and heavy construction timbers are treated as successfully as the 
finest hardwood for finishing purposes. This is a great achievement for the railway 
interests of the country. For building purposes vulcanized wood is unapproachable. 
It is used entirely in the magnificent Mutual Life Insurance building ; Park & Tilfords 
uptown grocery house ; Osborne flats at Fifty seventh street and Seventeenth avenue, 
and other noted buildings in New York city. * The New York and Brooklyn Elevated 
railroad and the Erie and New York Central railroads have had vulcanized ties and 
stringers in use for several years, and they are as perfect as when put down. 



GEORGE MONTAGUE, 



Dealer in All Kinds of Coal, Hard and Soft Wood in Stick, Sawed and 
Split— Also "Magic Cleaner "—Yard and Office, No. 350 Virginia St.; 
Branch Office, No. 573 Main St. 

,i ,,. In referring to the local trade in coal and wood we might 

v x^ v i , / , mention, as one of the oldest dealers, Mr. George Montague, 

v V \ (il'l \u //, whose office and yard are located at No. 350 Virginia street. This 

V \ /;i ',■ - gentleman has been identified with the business since 1865, and 

by the judicious manner in which he has conducted it has built 

up a good trade. The best of facilities are at hand for supplying all 

demands, especially for family use. Steam furnishes the power 

used in sawing and splitting the wood by machinery, and large 

quantities are cut up. A specialty is made of kindling, and the 

coal handled is always of the best quality. 

Mr. Montague is also the inventor of a cheap and valuable 
substitute for soap, called the " Magic Cleaner." This valuable 
compound consists mainly of an extract of the soap plant, com- 
bined with a few other simple ingredients, each and all of which 
are of a wholesome and cleanly nature. The offensive matter 
SOAP PLANT. used more or less in the manufacture of soap in its various 

forms is happily absent from this truly excellent cleanser. It contains no acid, lime 
or potash, and can be used for cleaning paint, marble, oil cloth, glass, queensware, 
picture frames, sewing machines, or in fact, anything soiled by oil or grease. For 
washing clothes it is unsurpassed, as it dispenses to a great degree with the exertion 
and manual labor which may be said to have always made the washtub the terror of 
the average housewife. From the variety of uses for which the " Magic Cleaner" is 
available, it is certainly a most valuable article for the household. It has proved to be 
of great excellence for shampooing and the bath, and in case of cuts and burns is a 
safe and sure remedy. The finest fabric is not injured in the least by contact with it, 
and as a universal cleanser it deserves a prominent place. In addition it is a first-class 
disinfectant and deodorizer, while the price is within the reach of all, being but thirty- 
five cents a gallon. Since its introduction "Magic Cleaner" has met with universal 
favor as its qualities have become known, and every lady should give it a trial. 




THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 

ROBERT AMBROSE, 

ri-< loalturist- Dealer in Building Stone, Groceries, etc.— Cor. Dolavan Avenue 

and Avenue A. 

Mr. Robert Ambrose came to Buffalo in the year 1828 at the age of two and one half 
years, in company with hia father and other members of the family. Tbe elder was 
John A. Ambrose, a native of France, near the city of Strasburg. He settled on a tract 
of land in what i^ now the northeastern part of the city. It was then a wilderness, and 
wild animals were numerous, as were Indians. At that time the village of Buffalo had 
bat sixty five houses all told, and farming was carried on under difficulties unknown at 
the present day. 

At the present time Mr. Ambrose resides at the corner of Delavan avenue and 
Avenue A, in a commodious residence replete with all modern improvements. Here he 
has for years carried on the grocery business. In addition, the valuable deposits of 
building stone on the tracts now owned by him have been worked. Sixteen years ago 
quarrying was begun on the corner of Delavan avenue and Avenue A, and a basin nearly an 
acre in extent was excavated to a depth of about fourteen feet. At a depth of six feet 
below the rock surface a stream of pure water was struck which flowed steadily. After 
the excavation was down to the depth mentioned Mr. Ambrose conceived the idea of 
transforming the basin into a miniature lake for the breeding and cultivation of fish. 
Drilling down to a depth of thirty-nine feet below the first vein, an artesian supply of 
water was struck, and the lake was soon ready. In June, 1885, Mr. Ambrose secured 
15,000 California mountain trout. From Dr. Bissell, at Washington, nineteen German 
car]> were secured, and from State Fish Commissioner Seth Green an additional supply of 
three-year-old carp for breeding purposes. Sturgeon, perch, rock bass, bullheads and 
other varieties have been added, and it is expected that about July of the present year 
the fishing will be opened to the public. The facilities for casting the fly will be 
unsurpassed, and lovers of rod and line will have some rare sport. The fish are all doing 
well, and the spawning facilities are first-class. 

Mr. Ambrose owns three tracts of land, comprising twenty-three acres. It all 
contains excellent stone deposits, while the soil is unsurpassed for garden purposes. It 
is conveniently located, near the Belt Line railroad's driving park station. The old log- 
house still stands on the old homestead, and visitors are always sure of a cordial 
welcome. They will find Mr. Ambrose a rich mine of interesting and valuable 
reminiscences, while his fish project is so entirely novel that it cannot prove other than 
a source of satisfaction to the public and profit to its projector. 



HOLMES & ADAMS, 

Refiners of Petroleum and Paraffine Oils— No. 1070 East Seneca St. ; Office, 
No. 47 East Seneca St. ; Boston Office, No. 32 Broad St. 

It is unnecessary to go into an extended disquisition on the subject of petroleum, 
this substance, its history, products and wonderful influence upon mercantile, manufac- 
turing and commercial progress during the past twenty-five years being familiar to every 
intelligent reader who cares to inform himself. In this place we desire simply to make 
brief mention of one of Buffalo's conspicuous houses engaged in the refining of 
petroleum and shipment of the product — the firm of Holmes & Adams, established 
originally by Lootz, Holmes & Adams in 1877, and changed to the present style in 1884 
by the death of Mr. Lootz. 

The works of this house are located at the junction of Seneca street and the Buffalo 
Creek railway, and comprises about six and a-half acres of land, upon which are erected 
all necessary buildings, equipped in the best manner with late improved machinery for 
the reduction and refining of petroleum and paraffine oils, naphtha, gasoline, etc., and 
the manufacture of superior grades of illuminants, wax and naphtha for export and 
home trade. From the first the object of the firm has been to establish for their products 
a high reputation and to maintain the same by every honorable means, the result being 
that by constant and watchful supervision, and the introduction of improved processes, 
they have attained a rare degree of perfection, and their oils are in steadily increasing 
demand at the highest market figures. 

Both members of the firm are from Boston, and they maintain a branch office at No. 
32 Broad street, that city. They ship large quantities of high-grade oils to all parts of 
this country and Europe, and are enterprising and successful business men. 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



223 



THE BENNETT AND UNION ELEVATORS. 



D. S. Bennett, Proprietor ; R. M. Cannon, Superintendent— Bennett Elevator, 
Corner Water St., Ship Canal and Buffalo River; Union Elevator, Joy 
Street and Buffalo River ; Office at Bennett Elevator. 

In the historical and 
statistical portion of 
this work will be 
found a detailed ac- 
count of the origin of 
Buffalo's grain trade 
and elevator interest, 
and a summary of the 
progress and develop- 
ment of these mu- 
tually dependent in- 
dustries. In this place 
we desire simply to 
describe and detail 
the careers of two of 
the most noted of the 
elevators, viz. : The 
Bennett and the 
Union. The former 
of these was erected 
in 1862-63, at the in- 
tersection of Water 
street, the ship canal 
and Buffalo river, 
fronting 150 feet on 
the latter, with a 
depth of 98 feet. The 
bins, of 3,000 to 7,000 
bushels capacity each , 
are 52 feet in depth. 

the roof being 60 feet above their tops, or 130 feet from the foundations. The bins of 
the Union elevator, built in 1867, are 52 feet in depth, the edifice being 40 by 54 feet 
square. An improved dry-kiln of 8,000 bushels daily capacity, and a complete outfit of 
the best and most ingenious modern machinery, give Mr. Bennett extraordinary facilities 
for the handling of grain, while the united capacity of the two elevators is about 
15,000,000 bushels a year. The actual business of both is from 5,000,000 to 8,000,000, 
and seventy men are employed. 

Mr. D. S. Bennett, the owner, is a native of Onondaga county, and has resided in 
Buffalo for nearly forty years. He is a public-spirited, liberal gentleman, and has 
served the people as a State Senator and in the halls of Congress. 

Superintendent Cannon, the capable and experienced gentleman who has the practical 
management of the Bennett and Union elevators, has occupied that position since 1881. 




PtroTe-im, GQ.tt-Y, 



THE OZARK PLATEAU LAND COMPANY. 



Jewett M. Richmond, President ; Lucian Hawley, Secretary ; Absalom 
Nelson, Local Agent in Missouri— Offices, Lebanon, Mo., and No. 24 Erie 
St., Buffalo. 

The Ozark Plateau Land Company was organized and incorporated in December, 
1883, with a paid-up capital of $50,000, and owns 150,000 acres of superior farming 
and grazing land in that garden spot of the Southwest, Southern Central Missouri — an 
undulating region of forest and prairie, intersected with running streams and numerous 
living springs of pure water, elevated 1,100 to 1,200 feet above tide-water and 1,000 
feet above the Mississippi at St. Louis, with a mild and salubrious climate, where deep 
snows are unknown in winter, and torrid heats in summer; the air dry, pure and 
bracing, and malaria unheard-of. The average sunshine and rainfall are all that could 
be expected, forming an average between extremes, so necessary to the successful and 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



profitable prosecution of farming operations. Crops seldom fail from either deluge or 
drought, while the rolling character of the country contributes to its healthfulness, 
and tin 1 beauty of the scenery, embracing every variety of hill and valley, woodland, 
open vista and shining river, make pleasant places for the homes of virtuous people. 

The Boils are among the best and most fertile known, principally magnesian lime- 
stone, which extend through the counties of Camden, Laclede, Dallas, Webster and 
others, and are dark in color, warm, light and productive. They produce black and 
white walnut, post, laurel, black and other oaks, and many trees of smaller growth, 
and, when cultivated, crops grow luxuriantly with reasonable attention throughout 
this favored region, and embiace corn, wheat, oats, tobacco, Irish and sweet potatoes, 
Borghom and all of the more palatable and useful garden vegetables. Fruits of all 
kinds, berries and grapes flourish there as well as in any portion of this country, and 
a ready market is found for all products of farm, garden and vineyard at St. Louis. 

Stock-raising is a leading and profitable industry. Kentucky bluegrass grows 
luxuriantly, and cattle, sheep, horses and mules thrive and fatten upon it. As a wool- 
growing country it is equal to the best portions of Ohio, and it is capable of being made 
one of the richest dairy sections of the Union, the grass, the water, the topography 
and the climate all favoring that industry. 

The State of Missouri holds vast bodies of school lands, making ample provision for 
educational advantages, and the school laws, modeled upon those of the older States, 
are unsurpassed for liberality in this respect. 

The towns in the vicinity of the Ozark Plateau Land Company's lands are : Lebanon, 
the county seat of Laclede county, 185 miles from St. Louis, on the St. Louis & San 
Francisco railway, 2,500 inhabitants, bank, two newspapers, several school-houses, high 
school, five churches, court-house, flouring and saw-mills, factories and numerous dry- 
goods and grocery stores; Phillipsburg, Brush Creek, Conway and Niangua, railroad 
shipping points; Marshfield, county seat of Webster County, 1,400 inhabitants, 217 
miles from St Louis, on St. Louis & San Francisco railway — much such a place as 
Lebanon, with equal attractions; North View, a railroad town, and many smaller 
villages. In short, these lands offer inducements to farmers such as are seldom found. 
Missouri is a rapidly growing State — a high-license State, where the laws are enforced 
—and the sober minded, industrious tiller of the soil has opportunities equal to those 
found in any part of the world. 

The company's lands are offered at very moderate prices, and all who think of 
investing in Western soil should address the secretary, Mr. Lucian Hawley, No. 24 Erie 
street, Buffalo, for full particulars, or call upon Mr. Absalom Nelson, local agent at 
Lebanon, Mo., and inspect the lands and their advantages. 



BUFFALO FELT GOODS CO., 



Nos. 119 and 121 Chicago St. 

The manufacture of felt and felt goods is rapidly advancing to a foremost position 
among the industries. This material has been found, upon trial, admirably adapted 
to a variety of purposes to which hitherto cloth and rubber were exclusively applied, 
as, for instance, the manufacture of snow and water-proof boots and shoes — felt being 
warmer, more pliable and more absorptive, and consequently more healthful than rub- 
ber, and in all respects superior to cloth. 

Within the past year Buffalo has seen the establishment within her corporate 
limits of the first and only felt works in this section of the country — the Buffalo Felt 
Goods Company's factory at Nos. 119 and 121 Chicago street, of which Messrs. James 
Kerr and Edward Rods are the proprietors. Mr. Kerr is of Scottish birth, has resided 
in the United States since 1848, and in Buffalo about a year. He is an experienced 
woolen mill man. Mr. Roos, who for some years has been engaged in the manufacture 
of felt in the Dominion, came here in 1885. 

The Buffalo Felt Company's works is the only woolen goods manufactory in Buffalo. 
The plant embraces a commodious three-story building, 80 by 125 feet, fitted up with a 
fine equipment of latest improved machinery, specially designed for the production 
of felt goods of the best quality, and employs some twenty five or thirty operatives. 

The leading specialty of the house is the manufacture of superior felt boots, for 
which there is a large and steadily growing demand throughout the North and North- 
west. These goods are supplied to jobbers and the wholesale trade exclusively, by 
whom they are furnished to retailers, and by them sold to consumers. 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



225 



THE BUFFALO MUTUAL ACCIDENT ASSOCIA- 
TION. 




William H. Slocum, President; J. AV. Aldrich, Secretary; Charles A. Orr, 
Treasurer ; Leroy Andrus, Attorney ; Joseph Fowler, M. D., Surgeon ; 
George A. Sanborn, General Manager— Home Office, Room 47 Chapin 
Block. 

Disease, accident and death are conditions 
incident to this stage of existence that are 
certain to come to us all sooner or later. 
Against the consequences which would in 
the natural course ensue to our dependents 
from our being overtaken by prostrating 
disease, disabling accident or death, various 
fraternal societies and incorporated com- 
panies offer protection more or less ample 
and effective, and it is the plain duty of 
every respectable man of good habits while 
in the enjoyment of his faculties, health 
and strength to avail himself thereof and 
throw around his loved ones such safe- 
guards as will secure them from the pinch- 
ings and temptations of want, in the day 
when he shall lie broken and helpless upon 
a bed of suffering, maimed past mending, 
or under the sod. 

Of all the plans that have ever come to 
our notice for relieving the woes arising from disease and accident — from which none 
are exempt — we believe that of " The Buffalo Mutual Accident and Sick Benefit Asso- 
ciation" is the most perfect, and presents the best claims to the consideration of 
thinking men and women, combining as it does the most commendable features with 
the greatest certainty of results. As its name implies, this association is conducted 
upon a purely mutual basis, every member contributing prorata towards the expense, 
and having a voice in the management. An admission fee of $5, to be paid to the 
agent, is required from all applicants. The dues are payable monthly as per table, 
directly to the home office, unless otherwise provided for, the death indemnity rang- 
ing from $250 to $5,000, and the weekly indemnity paid varies from $5 to $25, and the 
cost of the same per month to the member is from 30 cents to $3.50, according to occu- 
pation and amount insured. Ten per cent, of the monthly dues may be held in reserve 
until the association begins to pay full death benefits, after which time fifteen per 
cent, of the monthly calls may be set apart to the reserve fund, together with all the 
money received from re-instatement of delinquent members, and accrued interest on all 
investments. This fund will be held in trust for the exclusive benefit of the members, 
and to be used in case of excessive claims, or in case monthly dues are not sufficient to 
pay such claims. Sometimes the bulk of several months' losses will fall due in a single 
month, but by this system payments are so distiibuted as to avoid making a special 
assessment upon members in any such month. All surplus thus not used will be reim- 
bursed to the members in the following manner : At the end of each five years, from 
January 1, 1887, the association will declare a dividend by setting aside for the use of 
the then present membership fifty per cent, of the entire reserve fund accumulated up 
to that date, which amount shall be ratably apportioned on the amount of monthly 
dues paid in by each surviving member in good standing on the books of the associa- 
tion on December 31st, prior to January 15th. that being the date of making such 
awards to all members who have paid monthly dues for one year or more. The method 
to be adopted in the division of this fund will be to issue sciip to each member for a 
ratable proportion due them. The scrip will be divided into five equal amounts, bear- 
ing the date of the next ensuing five years. Each amount will be subdivided into 
twelve coupons that may be used in part payment of the monthly dues during each 
year for five years after date of coupon. This method guarantees to the members all 
the advantage of gain realized from the Tontine system of insurance, where the profits 
and benefits of endowments are obtained. It is the only plan of accidental insurance 
equalizing the results as between those who live out their full expectation of life and 






THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



those who prematurely allow their certificates to lapse. The Tontine feature stipulates 
a period of 5-10 16 30 years, during which all surplus interest on reserve funds, 
arising from deaths or lapses, are placed to the credit and benefit of surviving mem- 
produciDg results that can be obtained by no other plan of accident insurance. 
We confidently believe there is no co-operative association that will insure its mem- 
bers at so low a cost for each five years as will this association under this method. The 
certificates of membership are nonforfeitable in two respects: By the above plans in 
this system of reserve fund a membership becomes nearly self-sustaining after the first 
five years of membership, because of the yearly dividends accruing from the Tontine 
fund, as heretofore explained. No extra charge for issuing permit for European travel. 
Should a member meet with an accident, fatal or totally disabling him, while engaged 
temporarily or permanently in any occupation of a more hazardous classification than 
that under which the member elected to be insured, or approximating thereto, if not 
mentioned in the association schedule of rates, the principal amount or weekly indem- 
nity payable shall be such proportion of the amount therein as the amount paid by the 
member would insure for under such higher classification. All persons between the 
ages of 16 and (16, although they are not eligible for life insurance, can enter the acci- 
dent class. Persons without visible means of support, drunkards, disreputable 
characters, the deaf, blind, demented or crippled, are not eligible to membership. 
Blank forms of application for membership are furnished, to be filled by the applicant, 
upon the receipt of which, with an admission fee of $5, a certificate will be issued by 
the association, as designated in the application. 

The sick benefit feature has been adopted to meet the requirements of artisans, 
book-keepers, tradesmen, clerks, laborers and others who need a weekly allowance when 
ill. The plan is a practicable and well approved one, successful with other associa- 
tions, and calculated to do much good. 

The officers of the association, named above, are prominent business men, well 
known to the public. Mr. George A. Sanborn, the manager, has had long experience in 
both fraternal and regular insurance, and is a thoroughly practical man. 



SCHWARTZ & CO., 



Manufacturers of Marbleized Slate Mantels, Grates, Fenders, Brass Open 
Fire-places, Brass Fenders, Andirons, Coal Hods, Fire Sets, etc.— Slate 
Work of Every Description— Tiles in all Varieties— Stoves, Ranges, 
Furnaces, etc.— Factory, Elk St. and N. Y. C. & H. R. Railway ; Sales- 
rooms, Nos. 89 and 91 Seneca St. 

Progress is the watchword of our time, 
and few houses have done more to realize 
it, in its relation to the beautifying of the 
people's homes, than has that of L. 
Schwartz & Co., of this city, whose superb 
works in marbleized slate, brass, tiles and 
iron are found in the costliest modern resi- 
dences all over this section of the Union. 
This now celebrated establishment was 
founded by Messrs. L. and B. Schwartz in 
the year 1867, and, owing to the skill and 
taste displayed, their enterprise has pros- 
pered from its inception — so much so, 
indeed, that in order to meet the con- 
stantly growing demand for their artistic 
and beautiful work they have been com- 
pelled to increase their facilities from 
time to time, until now they find themselves at the head of one of the largest indus- 
tries of the kind in the country, employing some fifty trained workmen and turning 
out about $100,000 worth of finished goods per annum. Their ware and sales-rooms, 
-Nog. 89 and 91 East Seneca street, occupy the entire building, five stories high, and here 
may be found at all times the largest, finest and most varied stock (to which additions 
are constantly being made) of marbleized slate mantels in original and classic design, 
slate goods generally, plain and glazed vitrified hearth and art tiles, grates, fire-places, 




THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 227 

brass fenders, andirons, fire sets, coal hods, etc., ever submitted to the trade, embrac- 
ing hundreds of patterns, and the entire range of prices from the cheapest to the most 
elaborate. 

The factory at Elk street and the N. Y. C. & H. R. railway is a large, well-lighted 
building, 82 by 125 feet, fitted up with special reference to the demands of the business 
to which it is devoted, and contains a fine assemblage of skillful artists and workmen, 
and a superior equipment of labor-saving devices which enable the house to execute the 
most extensive and intricate orders promptly and in the best manner. 

The firm have a flourishing trade in their leadiDg specialty of slate mantels through- 
out the United States, and are, in fact, the largest manufacturers of these goods in this 
country, filling orders for shipment East, West and South, and to Canada. Their first 
work of this kind was for the State Insane Asylum, located near this city. Since then 
they have become famous, and at the late New Orleans Cotton Centennial Exposition 
they were awarded the highest medal for beauty of design and finish of slate mantels. 
The firm is composed of live, energetic men, whose purpose it is to lead all competition 
in their line, and the trade may rest assured that novelty, taste and beauty, combined 
with exquisite workmanship, will ever characterize the work of L. Schwartz & Co. 
Correspondence solicited for all kinds of fire place goods and slate-work of every 
description. 

COATSWORTH ELEVATOR, 

Thomas Coatsworth, Proprietor— Michigan St. and Buffalo River. 

The receipts and shipments of grain at this port during the past year show a grati- 
fying increase, and notwithstanding the efforts put forth by rival water and rail routes, 
the unquestioned supremacy of Buffalo and the Erie canal has been more than sus- 
tained. During the past year several extensive elevators have been erected, thus 
adding several million bushels to the elevator capacity of the city. In presenting a 
detailed account of these in this work we find among the most recent of the new eleva- 
tor enterprises the Coatsworth, which is in course of completion as this work goes to 
press. This elevator, which is the property of Mr. Thomas Coatsworth, of this city, is 
located on South Michigan street and Buffalo river, and also adjacent to the Pratt & 
Wadham slip. A solid foundation has been secured on a base of 2,500 piles. The 
building is 71 by 160 feet, and will contain 65 bins, each 82 feet in height. As these 
are 20 feet higher than in any of the other elevators, it will be observed that the 
Coatsworth will be the tallest elevator in the city. It will have a capacity of 531,000 
bushels of grain. The cost of the building will be about $250,000. The chimney is 145 
feet in height. This elevator will receive both from vessels and cars, and will discharge 
both into canal-boats and cars, as a switch is to be laid connecting with the Buffalo 
Creek railroad. 

The proprietor of this elevator, Mr. Coatsworth, has been a resident of Buffalo for 
about sixty years, and during that time he has been prominently identified with the 
grain interests of the city. 

WILLIA M H. BORK, 

Bookbinder and Blank Book Manufacturer— Nos. 263 and 265 Washington 

Street. 

The prominence which Buffalo has gained in most industries has been well earned, 
and this applies with special force to bookbinding and the manufacture of blank books. 
Among the houses prominently identified with the business, none occupy a more 
advanced position than that of William H. Bork. The business was established in 1854. 
the style of the firm being Nauert, Engel & Co. In 1872 it become Nauert & Bork, and 
in 1874 W. H. Bork & Co. In 1878 Mr. Bork became the sole proprietor, and has 
remained so up to the present. The present location at Nos. 263 and 265 Washington 
street was occupied on May 1, 1886, and is well equipped for the business. The 
premises occupied are 32 by 135 feet, and a working force of from twenty to twenty-five 
hands is employed. About three years ago Mr Bork began the manufacture of envelopes, 
making a specialty of chromatic or tint printed envelopes, and all sizes of catalogue 
envelopes. The bookbinding department is the main feature of the business, and the 
work turned out is unsurpassed in style and finish. Mr. Bork is a native of Buffalo, 
and learned the business here. Starting in at the foot of the ladder, he mastered every 
detail with a degree of tact that counted in his favor. By dint of honest endeavor he in 
time succeeded to the house which he entered as an apprentice twenty-four years ago. 






THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



.^mmm,m ] i 





swJ!i'« 



ilffil 




JACOB JAECKLE, 

< ontractor and Builder— Manufacturer of Sash, Blinds, Doors, Frames, etc. 

— No. 915 Genesee st. 

In treating of the 
industries of a city 
like Buffalo in detail, 
it is a remarkable 
fact that many of the 
most extensive estab- 
lishments are located 
near the outskirts of 
the city. For instance, 
on the corner of Gen- 
esee and Guilford 
streets, Mr. Jacob 
Jaeckle carries on a 
business which em- 
ploys, dependent on 
the season, from 80 to 
100 hands, represent- 
ing a weekly pay-roll 
in the neighborhood 
of $1,000. Such a 
business is one of the number contributing to make Buffalo what she is to-day. At the 
location mentioned is a large planing-mill, or, rather, two planing-mills. When Mr. 
Jaeckle started, in 1878, he began in an humble way. The business grew rapidly, 
and a couple of years later he added a building two stories high and 70 by about 100 
feet in area. This, in the course of time, also proved inadequate, and another and 
larger structure of brick was added. These were fitted up with the best wood-working 
machinery and the manufacture of everything pertaining to building carried on. On 
the opposite corner is the lumber-yard, where a large and well-assorted stock is kept. 
Besides the above establishment, Mr. Jaeckle owns a lumber-yard, covering an area of 
about four acres of ground, on Genesee street, contiguous to the main line of the New 
York, Lake Erie and Western Railroad, which is known as Jaeckle's hemlock yard, and 
into which runs a switch 525 feet. Here can be found an immense array of hemlock 
timber and lumber at the lowest market prices. 

As a contractor and builder, Mr. Jaeckle also does a large business. In this depart- 
ment about fifty men are employed. Among some of the buildings erected in part by 
this gentleman may be mentioned the High School, Insane Asylum, and others of 
equal note. As an illustration of the rapid expansion of the business, it now represents 
a capital of $80,000 and the annual business $150,000. The secret of this gentleman's 
success is largely referable to the fact that his personal supervision has always been 
given to the business in detail. He is a native of Buffalo and takes a deep interest in 
everything that pertains to the advancement of the city's interests. It should not be 
omitted, in conclusion, that on artistic decorative work, either exterior or interior, this 
establishment cannot be surpassed by any. 

As above stated, Mr. Jacob Jaeckle is a native of Buffalo, where he was born in 1852, 
and learned his trade here. He has honestly earned the consideration in which he is 
held in this community, and the reputation he has established for integrity is acknowl- 
edged by all. We commend Mr. Jaeckle and his enterprise to those of our readers who 
may be interested, assuring them that business relations once entered upon will prove 
not only pleasant but profitable. 



EDWARD MOELLER, 

Dealer In First-Class Pianos— Nos. 24 and 26 Chippewa St. 

Mr. Moeller is well known to the entire community, having been for many years a 
successful and popular teacher of music. He erectedthe handsome three-story block, 
the ground floor of which he now occupies, having thrown both store-rooms into one, or 
rather connected them, last spring, at which time he laid in the largest stock of fine 
pianos ever brought to this city, and, having floor space 60 by 72 feet, he is prepared 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



229 



■with skillful workmen to repair all instruments sent him for that purpose. A hand- 
some new front adds greatly to the attractiveness of the building. The block itself is a 
musical center, as a portion of it is occupied by Mr. Rottenbach, the most extensive 
dealer in music and musical merchandise in Western New York. 

Mr. Moeller handles pianos exclusively, and none but those of the best makers, his 
stock embracing a superb assortment of grand, square and upright instruments from 
such renowned manufacturers as Decker Bros., New York ; Henry F. Miller & Sons, 
Boston ; Kranich & Bach, Kroeger & Sons, Baer Bros., New York ; the Emerson Piano 
Co., and others. He has a large and growing trade in the city and throughout the ad- 
joining counties, and his well-earned reputation among musical people is sufficient 
guarantee of his upright personal and business character. As a matter of accommoda- 
tion, and to encourage the pursuit of the divine art, Mr. Moeller will sell pianos to 
responsible buyers on installments, and rent or exchange instruments when requested. 



THE ARLINGTON. 



Henry A. Roy, Proprietor— Cor. Exchange and Wells Sts. 
York Central Passenger Depot. 



Opposite New 



One of the best appointed hotels 
in the city of Buffalo, beyond any 
question, is The Arlington. Dur- 
ing the past year the firm of 
Mullen & Hoy took the house in 
hand and expended several thou- 
sand dollars in refitting it from top 
to bottom. The building was en- 
tirely rejuvenated, and the trans- 
formation was so complete that it 
is practically a new building. The 
floors were newly laid with hard 
wood, the walls frescoed and pa- 
pered, and the finest furniture, 
carpets and interior decorations 
put in. The house was reopened 
in June, and immediately became one of the most popular in the city. It is a great 
favorite with commercial men on account of the superiority of the accommodations and 
the further fact that the location is the most central and convenient in the city, being 
immediately opposite the New York Central passenger depot. On the first of September 
Mr. Mullen retired, and the house is now entirely in the hands of Mr. Roy. 

Henry A. Roy was born in Albany in 1843, and came to Buffalo in 1865. He enlisted 
in the 177th New York Volunteers in 1862, and served with his regiment in several of 
the great battles of the late war. After the restoration of peace Mr. Roy went into rail- 
roading, and his extended acquaintance now redounds to his pecuniary advantage. 




LIGHTN ER & G OETTEL, 

3Ierchant Tailors— No. 223 Pearl St. 

As Shakspeare says: " The apparel oft proclaims the man," and he who would be 
regarded as a gentleman will do well to heed the teachings of all time and dress in 
character. A disregard of appearances is a sure indication of boorishness, and in no 
way is it more offensively exhibited than in carelessness and slovenliness in matters of 
attire. The tailor (when he is a good one) is man's best friend, in at least one respect 
— he brings out his physical perfections to the best advantage and conceals his 
blemishes as far as may be. 

Prominent among Buffalo's best tailors are Messrs. Lightner & Qoettel, No. 223 
Pearl street, who opened their handsome establishment last summer, and have already 
secured a large and increasing run of first-class custom. These gentlemen carry a rich 
line of foreign and domestic suitings, cloths, overcoatings, etc. , for the selection of 
their trade, and both are accomplished cutters of long experience. They employ about 
twenty journeymen, and expect to do a business of $30,000 for the first year. A visit 
to their neat and attractive rooms at the above number will prove both pleasant and 
profitable. 

Mr. Lightner is from Reading, Pa., and has resided here five years. Mr. Qoettel is 
a German, and came to Buffalo in 1883. 






THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



C. P. HAZARD, 



Wholesale Dealer In Lumber, Shingles, Lath and Fence-Posts — No. 92 

River St. 




The lumber trade of Buffalo is one of its leading commercial interests, and happily 
is in the hands of an enterprising, long-headed and liberal class of men who permit on 
obstacle to withstand their energy or discourage their spirit. Prominent among the 
leaders stands C. P. Hazard, No. 92 River street, a wide-awake Canadian who came to 
Buffalo in 1864 and established himself, in partnership with his brother, in the same 
line of business, about fifteen years ago. Mr. Hazard makes a specialty of Western pine 
in cargo lots, which he sells to local dealers or ships to the Eastern cities as required. 
His yards, bounded by slips Nos. 1 and 2, Erie basin, cover some three to four acres, 
and are intersected by Palmer slip, which gives him unequaled receiving and shipping 
facilities, and a storage capacity of some 10,000,000 to 12,000,000 feet. An average of 
fifty men are employed during the shipping season. The tracks of the New York 
Central, Michigan Central and Grand Trunk railways skirt the yards, and those roads 
carry immense quantities of lumber from them to the various markets North and East, 
the sales averaging 20,000,000 feet per annum, comprising a full line of choice pine 
lumber, shingles, lath, cedar fence-posts and building material generally. 

Mr. Hazard maintains a first-class planing mill at Rochester, where every description 
of sash, doors, blinds, shutters, mouldings, etc., are made to order for the trade and pine 
lumbe" of all dimensions prepared for the joiner. He is a member of the Buffalo 
Merchants' Exchange »nd ranks with the solid business men of the city. 

Mr. D. Y. Leslie is general manager for Mr. Hazard, and is an able and industrious 
gentleman of fine address, popular with all who come in contact with him. 

Builders, manufacturers, the lumber trade and all who require rough or dressed 
pine in large quantities will do well to correspond with Mr. Hazard. 



J. W. VICKERS, 

Wholesale Manufacturer of Silk, Stiff and Cassimere Hats— No. 274 Main 

St., corner Swan. 

There are a number of diversified manufacturing interests in this city which, 
although not conducted on a gigantic scale, yet in the aggregate tend to swell the 
volume of Buffalo's industrial representation. Among them, for instance, may be 
classed that of Mr. J. W. Vickers, manufacturer of silk, stiff and cassimere hats at whole- 
sale. The location of this enterprise is at No. 274 Main street, corner of Swan, in the 
building occupied by the United States Express Co. Here superior facilities are had 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



331 



for conducting the business on an extended scale. All the modern appliances known 
to this time-honored craft are in operation, and a working force of from fifteen to 
twenty-five hands is employed. The business was established in 1874, the location 
originally being No. 215 Main street. Mr. Vickers' facilities are such that he has an ex- 
tended business connection with the trade, not only in this city but throughout the 
contiguous territory. In the matter of styles, he always keeps up with the latest con- 
ceits, simultaneous with their appearance in New York. Samples are sent on approval 
when so desired, and no pains are spared to give entire satisfaction. In the matter of 
furnishing society uniforms, especially for Select Knights A. O. U. W., Mr. Vickers 
does a great deal of business ; in fact, for society organizations generally, any and all 
requirements are furnished on the shortest notice. The attention of the trade and all 
interested parties is directed to the advantages herein set forth. Mr. Vickers will be 
found honorable and straightforward in all his dealings, while the work he turns out 
complete is one of his best recommendations. 



SHIFFERENS & SONS, 

Manufacturers of All Kinds of Hand-Made Harness of the Best Oak 
Leather — Nos. 92 and 94 Broadway. 




The City of Buffalo is gaining a great reputation for manufacturing. The extent 
and variety of the different lines represented is remarkable, as will be found from a 
glance at the pages of this work on the " Industries of Buffalo." In the manufacture 
of harness this city is becoming noted for the superiority of the goods turned out 
and the low prices as well. The house of Messrs. Shifferens & Sons is a pretty good 
illustration of what is done in this line, and the object of this article is to show what 
their work consists of. It has always been a ruling principle of this house since it 
was established in 1878 to make nothing but good honest harness, of the best material 
and of the very best workmanship. Then as an extra inducement to purchasers the 
prices are low, and the result has been, a large trade made up for the outlay. As an 
example, they turn out a single harness at $6.90 which they claim beats the world, 
and there is no doubt of it. Every man with a horse has a certain natural pride in 
having the animal show off to the best advantage, and when a harness can be secured 
for such a small outlay there is no excuse for driving a shabby- looking outfit. A 
splendid rubber-trimmed harness is sold at $16, and it is a beauty. Bargains on double 
harness are as numerous as bees in a clover patch on a July Sunday. Only the best 
oak leather is used, and there is no discounting the finish, of which it would take their 
catalogue to describe the different styles. Everything is hand-made, and the most 
skilled workmen are employed. Their harnesses are being used and handled in almost 
every State in the Union, including Canada, which speaks for itself. They send har- 
nesses subject to approval, which goes to show that they do not sell a " cat in a bag," 
but that they do exactly as they agree. In light double and single harness for buggies, 
carriages, etc. , they are not beaten anywhere. 

The members of the firm are Peter J., William E. and John H. Shifferens. The 
location was originally on Ellicott street, but the business required better facilities, 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 




which have been secured at the present site, Nos. 92 and !)4 Broadway, where three 
well-arranged floors, SO by 100 feet, are occupied. About thirty hands are employed, 
and the business amounts to about $40,000 a year. The gentlemen composing the 
firm are live, enterprising business men. as their record shows. This firm will remove 
to their new factory, No. L02 Broadway, about .May 1, 1887, and will enlarge same to 
about double its presenl size and employ from 50 to 100 men, their business having 
. n so large that the old factory was inadequate to supply the demand. 

JEWETT M. RICHMOND, 

Stork Farm Proprietor ami Breeder of Registered Jersey Cattle— Buffalo 

Office, No. 24 Erie St. 

Erie County, N. Y., has achieved a national 
reputation for breeding blooded stock of every 
description. Among the most noted stock farms 
worthy of a detailed account in these pages, that 
of Mr. Jewett M. Richmond is necessarily included. 
It consists of 200 acres of the most desirable land, 
lying near the shore of Lake Erie, elaborately im- 
proved and highly cultivated, with the special 
object in view of developing the highest qualities 
of that most valuable and interesting strain of 
cattle, the Jersey. Mr. Richmond's farm, which 
he took in hand for the purposes mentioned in 
1880, is beautifully located one-half mile from 
West Hamburg, a station on the Lake Shore railroad, about nine miles west of Buffalo. 
The Nickel -plate and Buffalo & Pittsburg branch of the Buffalo, New York & Phila- 
delphia railroad also pass through this station, while the Buffalo & Southwestern 
railroad taps Hamburg station, a distance of two and a half miles from the farm. 

Mr. Richmond has demonstrated that for milk and butter purposes the Jersey is the 
most prolific and highest in quality of any; that they are full as hardy and stand the 
rigors of our climate full as well, if not better, than the common cattle of our country. 
Their availability for the dairy and for farmers located near good butter markets is a 
matter beyond any cavil or controversy. Then again the cost of feed is an important 
item decidedly in the Jersey's favor. If the farmers of the country who make a 
specialty of butter-making, would as a rule use only full-blooded Jersey bulls on their 
common cattle, they would greatly enrich the quality of the milk of their cows and 
the quality of the butter, and insure a certain profit to their business. Never use a 
grade bull, as a full-blooded animal can now be purchased at a low price, while a grade 
is not cheap at any price. No farmer who has had experience with a herd of grade Jer- 
seys but will testify to the great improvement over common cows as butter producers. 
Mr. Richmond's herd at present consists of over fifty head, of which a large number 
of cows, heifers and bull calves are for sale. They are all solid color with black 
points. As a rule these animals are all very large for this breed, fully equal to the 
common cattle of the country, and have been bred especially for their butter qualities. 
Quite a number of the cows have a record of fourteen pounds and over for a seven 
days' test, without forced feeding. Among the noted members of the herd there are 
of the bulls now in use : " Well Done's " Pedro, 15803, dropped April 26, 1885. The 
dam of this bull, imported Well Done, 25987, has a record of nineteen pounds four 
ounces in a test of seven days, recorded in the second volume of Major Campbell 
Brown's " Butter Tests of Jersey Cows." This magnificent young animal is a solid 
bronze fawn and gray, with dark shadings, full black points. Remarkable, 7662, as 
his name indicates, is an exceptionally fine animal, dropped June 13, 1881 ; solid color, 
full black points. The dam of this bull, imported Caroline, 12091, has a record of 
fourteen and a half pounds of butter in seven days in mid-winter, without forcing. 
This test is recorded in 1st volume of Maj. Campbell Brown's "Tests of Jersey Cows." 
No bull has ever been used in this herd but whose dam had a record of fourteen 
pounds or over in a seven days' test. They have been selected and bred for butter 
qualities — descendants of and closely related to such noted butter families as St. Hillier, 
Jo; Alphea, Coomassie, Khedive, Duke, 76; Albert, 44; Pansey, 8 ; Rioter, second ; 
Burotui; Pedro, 10588, etc. 

Mr. Richmond invites correspondence or a personal visit to this herd, from breeders 
and others interested. The herdsman will be on hand to show the cattle and give such 
information as is required. 



TEE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 233 

THE SCHOELLKOPF ANILINE AND CHEMICAL 

C OMPAN Y, 

Manufacturers of Coal Tar Dyes— Office and Works, Abbott Road and 

Buffalo Creek. 





No discovery of the present age has had greater influence upon textile manufactures 
than that of the chemical properties of coal tar, from which are obtained many of 
the most brilliant dyes now employed. Not only has this discovery affected benefi- 
cially the beauty of all goods worn in our time, but the prices have been greatly 
reduced thereby on all fabrics, and thousands hitherto debarred by want of means from 
indulging their taste for texture and color are now enabled to revel in all the hues of 
the rainbow and in the richest weaves, because of the cheapening of materials and 
processes directly or indirectly brought about as the near or remote consequences of the 
introduction of aniline dyes. 

The Schoellkopf Aniline and Chemical Company's works for the production of these 
dyes are the most extensive of the kind on this continent, and their reputation for high- 
grade dyes is unsurpassed by that of any similar concern in the world. These works, 
at the intersection of the Abbott road and Buffalo creek, were erected by Mr. J. F. 
Schoellkopf, one of Buffalo's most conspicuous citizens and business men, in 1879, and 
have since been greatly enlarged and improved. The company as it now exists was 
organized and incorporated in 1881 with a working capital of $150,000 ; J. F. Schoell- 
kopf, sr., president; J. F. Schoellkopf, jr., secretary and treasurer; Dr. Koehler, 
chemist. The same gentlemen are members of the board of directors. The elder Mr. 
Schoellkopf is actively interested in many other important business enterprises — the 
manufacture of leather, brewing, milling, etc. — is a director of several leading corpora- 
tions, and a member of all the more prominent German societies. He has resided in 
Buffalo for fifty years, and has done as much as any other one man toward developing 
her material interests. 

The aniline and chemical works occupy a most favorable location with reference to 
the delivery of materials and the shipment of finished products. The plant embraces 
about six acres of land, upon which have been erected twenty two distinct one, two and 
three-story substantial brick buildings, equipped in every department with the best and 
latest improved machinery and apparatus, several powerful steam engines, and every- 
thing required to render the establishment complete. Eighty men are employed, and 
wages are paid to the amount of $3,500 monthly. The shipping facilities are all that 
could be desired, and embrace, besides the Erie canal, which bounds the works on one 
side, switches and side-tracks from the Lackawanna, Nickel-Plate, and Buffalo Creek 
railroads, the latter communicating directly with all roads entering the city. The sales. 

15 



234 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



made principally to the New England cotton, woolen and silk manufacturers, aggregate 
$500,(H)(i per annum. 

There are many shades <>f each standard color, as all are aware, as reds, violets, 
yellow, orange, browns, scarlets, etc., and it requires a high degree of skill in chemistry 
and mechanics to produce these of satisfactory character as regards brilliancy and 
durability, hence the necessity for employing the best talent procurable. All processes 
arc of course secret, and the company own patents upon most of the colors, not a few of 
which were devised by their own accomplished chemist, Dr. Koehler. This house 
manufactures all the colors and shades required by dyers, together with various acids 
and salts for the trade. 

Mr. Bchoellkopf, who has sole management and supervision of the works, is 
an earnest, practical and thoughtful man, "strictly business" and devoted to his call- 
ing. Mr. J. F. Scboellkopf, jr., the secretary and treasurer, is also a capable, energetic 
and pleasant gentleman. 



J. LYTH & SONS, 

Manufacturers of Sewer Pipe, Farm Tiles, Terra Cotta, etc.— No. 48 West 

Eagle St. 

The various lines 
included under the 
above caption form 
an important branch 
among the industrial 
resources of Buffalo. 
Among the twenty- 
three firms compos- 
ing the Sewer-Pipe 
Manufacturers' As- 
sociation in the 
United States 
and Canada, that of 
Messrs. J. Lytb & 
Sons occupies a lead- 
ing position. For this 
reason a glance at 
their operations, as 
showing the position 
this city occupies in 
this line, will be ap- 
propriate. The busi- 
ness was established 
in 1857 by the pres- 
ent senior member 
of the house. It has 
grown to be one of 
extensive propor- 
tions, and this house 
now owns and oper- 
ates the Buffalo 
Sewer-Pipe Works, 
located on Puffer 
street, at Cold 
Springs, and the 
Ohio Sewer- Pipe 
Works, at Wells- 
ville, Ohio. These 
employ in the aggre- 
gate a working force 
of from 80 to 100 
men. In conjunction 
with the manufac- 
ture of sewer pipe 

an important feature of the business is that of farm drain-tile. The extent to which the 
agricultural community are directing their attention to the question of proper drainage 




THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 235 



has created a large demand for this article. In architectural and general terra cotta ware, 
Messrs. Lyth & Sons make a very artistic and comprehensive showing. In addition to 
the foregoing, a very attractive line of encaustic tile, enameled brick, hollow brick, chim- 
ney-tops, flue-pipe, fire-brick and clay, and kindred lines, are exhibited at the warerooms, 
No. 48 West Eagle street. The articles enumerated are nearly all indispensable in mod- 
ern buildings, and are extensively used, especially in fire-proof structures. When it 
comes to furnishing estimates on such work, this house is prepared to offer inducements 
which cannot be successfully underbid, when the quality and finish of the material fur- 
nished is considered. Their trade connections extend throughout this State, Pennsyl- 
vania, Ohio and New England. The individual members of the firm are John, Alfred, 
John, jr., and William H. Lyth. The house has been so long and favorably known that 
it is unnecessary to say the gentlemen composing it are A 1 business men in the best 
sense of the term. Personally they are the embodiment of courteous and straightforward 
dealing. Mr. Alfred Lyth is a member of the City Council for the Seventh ward, and 
has made an enviable reputation as an indefatigable servant of the people. His honesty, 
independence and rigid opposition to "jobbery" in any form have won the unqualified 
approval of citizens and taxpayers generally. 



J. O. MEYER, MALTSTER. 

Malt-Houses, Corner Eagle and Watson Sts. 

We have had occasion in the preceding pages to refer quite frequently to the malt- 
ing industry and its relation to the commerce of Buffalo — a relation which is of 
constantly augmenting importance in view of the fact that no other point in the United 
States enjoys such advantages in this connection — propinquity to the barley fields of 
Canada, ample transportation facilities, and an abundance of cheap skilled labor. 

Of the more prominent maltsters here none have a higher or better deserved reputa- 
tion for quality of product and upright business methods than has Mr. J. O. Meyer, 
whose extensive establishment, embracing malt-house and store-house, is conveniently 
located at the intersection of Eagle and Watson streets. The malt-house proper consists 
of a substantial two story brick building, 156 by 138 feet in area, the store-house being 
connected therewith. The equipment is first-class in all respects, embracing all late 
improvements in machinery, apparatus and appliances, and a working force of eighteen 
men is steadily employed. The average output for the past eight years has been 
250,000 bushels per annum, most of which is consumed in the manufacture of lager 
beer in this city and New York, though considerable shipments are made at times to 
various points in Pennsylvania, Ohio, Missouri and other States. It is hardly necessary 
to state that the malt made at Mr. Meyer's establishment is invariably of the highest 
grade and a favorite with brewers. 

Mr. Meyer is a native Buffalonian and a self-made man in the best sense of the term. 
Previous to 1861 he was engaged in the lumber trade. At the outbreak of the rebellion 
he abandoned his business, entered the naval service and served faithfully for two 
years, when he was honorably discharged. Coming home to Buffalo with $90 in his 
pocket, he commenced the handling of flour and grain on a modest scale on Washington 
street. By the exercise of unflagging industry and close atttention to business he 
prospered, so much so that at the end of seven years he had accumulated sufficient 
capital to engage in his present calling. By slow degress he has built up his present 
large and growing trade, and has a right to feel proud of his honorable and successful 
career. 

QUEEN CITY STEAM LAUNDRY. 

E. D. Willsey, Proprietor— Nos. 487 and 489 Washington St., Tifft House 

Block. 

Buffalo has plenty of laundries of every class, from the dingy Chinese washee- 
washee shop to the elegantly appointed establishment employing a powerful steam 
engine to operate the machinery, and a corps of bright-eyed, cherry-lipped girls to 
attend the same and wait upon customers. Of the latter class is the Queen City Laun- 
dry, Nos. 487 and 489 Washington street, Tifft House block. The proprietor is Mr. A. 
M. Willsey, formerly of Albany, who has been connected with the laundry business 
since 1879, having opened this establishment at Nos. 98 and 100 Pearl street in that year, 
uuder the name and style of E. V. Willsey & Co. The change of base and name was 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 

\! 1: D Willsey is general manager — a position for which his long 
, i oonection with the business particularly fits him. 

i n City Laundry occupies the entire ground floor at the above numbers, 53 

onl by 1 r> feet deep, and is fitted up in the best manner for the prosecution of 

andry business on a large scale, last year's receipts footing up $:55,000, and the 

Ing that those figures will be largely exceeded this year. Forty men and 

ilarly employed, and the work done is of the best quality, people all over 

ty and in the surrounding country sending their more particular work, including 

shirts, collars, cuffs, etc., to this justly f annus laundry. None but the best of washing 

and ironing is done, and patrons can depend upon promptitude and the utmost care in 

the execution of orders. 



SCHAEFER & BRO., 

Maltsters — Commission Merchants— Importers of and Wholesale Dealers 
in Canada, Western and New York State Barley— Malt-House, Seventh 
and Jersey Sts.— Office, No. 178 Main St. 

The firm of Schaefer & Bro. have been making malt and handling barley on this 
market for well-nigh twenty-four years, and have a most enviable reputation at home 
and abroad for square and liberal dealing, fine business capacity, great energy and enter- 
prise, their operations extending throughout the Eastern States. Their fine malt-house 
at the corner of Seventh and Jersey streets is one of the most complete in the country, 
embracing all modern improvements of equipment and under the supervision of a com- 
petent and experienced maltster, the output averaging about 150,000 bushels per annum. 

The firm are also leading importers, commission merchants and wholesale dealers in 
barley, Canadian, Western and New York State, of which they handle several hundred 
thousand bushels annually. Their grand specialty, however, is choice Canada barley 
malt, in the manufacture of which they excel, and have a ready tale for all they can 
produce, brewers holding their malt in the highest esteem. 

Messrs. Gustavus A. and Henry L. Schaefer are natives of Germany, coming to the 
United States in childhood. They have resided in Buffalo for forty-five years, and are 
among her best and most respected citizens. For some years they were interested in 
the manufacture of vinegar at Tonawanda. Their handsome office on the second floor 
of No. 185 Main street, northwest corner of Exchange, is one of the most convenient 
and commodious in the city and the scene of many heavy transactions in barley and 
malt. 

ZINK & HATCH, 



Real Estate Brokers and Agents— Corner Franklin and Eagle Sts., Austin 
Building, Opposite City Hall. 

One of the surest indications of a city's progress or retrogression (for to stand still 
is impossible) may be found in the activity or inactivity of the real estate market, and 
unquestionably the proper place to make inquiry on this head is at the offices of 
the real estate agents and dealers. In Buffalo, at least, all of this class of business men 
in good standing are doing a flourishing and profitable business— none of them being 
more actively and incessantly engaged in the care and transfer of property than are 
Messrs. Zink & Hatch, the famous firm of real estate brokers in the Austin block, 
corner of Franklin and Eagle streets. This house, composed of Messrs. Henry Zink 
and A. G. Hatch, experienced and capable gentlemen, was established in 1870 by the 
senior member, Mr. Hatch being admitted ten or eleven years ago. Their office was 
formerly located at Niagara and Pearl streets, removing to the Austin building in 1880, 
where they have commodious, convenient and handsomely appointed accommodations, 
and are doing a successful and fast augmenting business in the purchase and sale of 
property, the collection of rents, as agents for the non-resident owners of land, the pay- 
ment of taxes, the furnishing of abstracts of title, and the negotiation of stocks, bonds, 
mortgages, government securities and commercial paper. 

The firm is thoroughly reliable and responsible. Mr. Zink was born in this county 
in 1848, and has heen handling real estate in this city and vicinity since arriving at 
manhood. Mr. Hatch is a native of Buffalo, forty-two years of age, and has pursued 
his present avocation for ten or eleven years. He was formerly a leather manufacturer. 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 237 



E. B. WILBER & CO. 



Grain Commission Merchants — Room 49 3Ierchants Exchange. 

The senior member of this firm, Mr. E. B. Wilber, was for some eighteen years a 
prominent railroad man, retiring about 1868 to enter the grain trade, which he has con- 
tinued to prosecute. Mr. Henry F. Bagnall, his associate, an expert accountant, formerly 
employed in the Buffalo city and Erie county offices, joined Mr. Wilber six years 
ago, and his previous accurate business training and experience has proved of great 
value in his present calling. Both of these gentlemen are natives of Buffalo, and 
liberal, public-spirited citizens. 

Their commodious and handsomely-appointed office in room 49 Merchants' Ex- 
change, first occupied in 1882, is one of the most convenient for the purpose that could 
have been selected, and fitted up with every facility for the rapid and satisfactory 
transaction of business. The firm handle immense quantities of grain of all kinds — 
wheat, barley, oats, corn, etc. — and are large receivers of Western grain for shipment to 
the seaboard by canal, dealing extensively in the markets of New York and New 
England as well as at home. Close personal attention is given to all orders entrusted to 
the firm, either for buying or selling. 



BUFFALO NOVEL TY WO OD-TURNING CO. 

C. P. Schell, Jr., H. M. Bardol— Manufacturers of Dowels, Broom Handles, 
and Every Description of Turned Wooden Goods— Office, No. 602 
Broadway. 

Conspicuous among the more recently established and prosperous manufacturing 
enterprises of Buffalo is the Buffalo Novelty Wood-Turning Company, whose office is 
located at No. 602 Broadway. This company was founded about a year ago by Messrs. 
C. P. Schell, jr., and H. M. Bardol, who continue to direct its operations in a capable 
and successful manner. 

The buildings (some already completed others being erected) comprise, besides a 
convenient office, several handsome buildings sufficiently scattered to largely decrease 
the danger from fire. This is the situation at our time of going to press. At one 
corner of the premises are the turning and finishing shops, and the shed for dressed 
lumber occupies the front, at a short distance from the street, while the office stands 
flush with the sidewalk. Here may be found one of the proprietors and several assist- 
ants, book-keeper, clerk, etc., during business hours. 

The turning shop, 40 by 60 feet, is one of the most complete and ingeniously 
arranged in the world, provided with the latest devices in automatic machinery, and 
capable of turning out a vast quantity of superior goods, such as dowels, broom, mop 
and tool handles, base-knobs, novelties of all kinds, and every description of light 
turned work in wood. A specialty is made of making to order, in quantities to suit, 
new forms of useful and ornamental conceits, and inventors or originators will find 
here every facility for producing their goods, either for experiment or to meet an 
already established demand. The company itself handles many desirable patented 
articles, thus furnishing agents with light, respectable and lucrative employment, 
among their goods the patent " Boss " cake, biscuit and doughnut cutter and 
''Handy" toilet case being specially popular. A great deal of job turning is done 
here ; all that is required is the model, and the order will be filled promptly and 
satisfactorily. 

The Buffalo Novelty Wood-Turning Company supplies a long-felt and urgent want 
in this line of mechanical enterprise, and it is pleasant to know that it is already appre- 
ciated and largely patronized, the sales extending to all portions of the United States. 
The proprietors are wide-awake, enterprising, energetic and industrious men. In a 
recent circular to the trade they say : 

" We would call your attention to the new novel article in the line of housefurnish- 
ing goods. It is called the Handy toilet-case, a combination comb case, match-safe, 
pin-cushion and looking-glass, made of iron, handsomely nickel, bronze and brass- 
plated, very attractive, and sells at sight. We are offering them to the trade at very 
moderate prices in order to introduce the same. Send for prices. A nickel sample sent 
to any part of the United States for $1. We are also making the ' Boss cake cutter.' 
It has a wood top and is very neat. It is the best-selling five-cent article in the market. 
Packed two dozen to a box, thirty-six and seventy-two dozen to a case. Sample sent for 
ten cents in stamps. Send for prices." 






THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 




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(See opposite page.) 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



239 



THE R. W. BELL MANUFACTURING CO. 



George H. Bell, President; Hector DeCastro, Vice-President; Edwin A. 
Bell, Secretary and Treasurer— Manufacturers of Toilet and Laundry 
Soaps, Soap Powder and Sal Soda— Nos. 77 to 89 Washington St. 




JEViv«\le Office of 



"Cleanliness is next to godliness," says the inspired writer. Personal purity is the 
highest evidence of advanced civilization. Neatness is the watchword of progress, and 
soap is its emblem. Yet there are soaps and soaps. Not a few of the compounds sold 
under that name are infinitely more vile and loathsome than the dirt they are ostensibly 
made to remove, frequently causing troublesome diseases of the skin, and even blood- 
poisoning. The consumer cannot, therefore, exercise too great caution in this respect, 
or be too suspicious of the saponaceous preparations of the cheaper sort offered by 
family grocers and others whose only object is the realization of large profits without 
regard to consequences as they affect their customers. 

Adulteration and debasement of quality has of late years reached the point from 
which a rebound became natural and necessary, and with the inauguration of reform 
those manufacturers who had steadily refused to join in the "swim" and produce 
worthless and disgusting trash began to reap their reward, the result being that fine 
goods are in unprecedented and rapidly increasing demand and the conscientious and 
high-toned manufacturer's soap is more popular among consumers than at any previous 
time. 

Among the most extensive and famous establishments of this kind in the world, 
standing a head and shoulders above all local competitors and with a reputation broad 
as the continent, is that of the R. W". Bell Manufacturing Company, Nos. 77 to 89 
Washington street, Nos. 8 to 20 Beaver street, Nos. 270 to 280 Perry street, and Nos. 233 
to 241 Chicago street, Buffalo. The house was founded in February, 1865, by Messrs. 
R. W. and George H. Bell, who began operations on a comparatively small scale on 
State street, producing superior grades of toilet and laundry soaps. Their factory was 
destroyed by fire in 1872, and steps were immediately taken for the erection of the pres- 



TIIE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 

i 

ent large and commodious works on Washington street, in the construction of which 
neither labor oor expense were spared to render it one of the moat complete of the kind 
ever built. Extensive improvements and a considerable enlargement were made in 
is?:, the factor} a1 present being 4 stories in height, 130 feet front and 146 feet in 
depth A vast number of male and female operatives find here steady and remunerative 
employment, the outpul reaches several hundred thousand dollars in value annually and 
adily augmenting in volume, and a small army of commercial travelers represent 
ail over the United States, the Canadas, Mexico and Central and South 
America. 

The offices of the company are pleasantly located and conveniently arranged on the 
tirst floor of the building, the counting-room fronting on Washington street, the cash- 
ookkeepers and clerks having their desks behind light railings. At the left of the 
main entr nice is the private office of President Ueorge H. Bell, an amiable gentleman 
in the prime of life, aged forty-four. Beyond and adjoining is the large and elegant 
office of Secretary and Treasurer Edwin A. Bell, and in the rear, separated from the 
main office, is the private sanctum of Mr. J. D. Henderson, superintendent of advertis- 
ing — a position which is no sinecure, since the company are strong believers in and 
patrons of printers' ink. 

September 24, 1879, Mr. R. W. Bell died, leaving vacant his place as head of the 
original firm. Mr. George H. Bell continued the business under the old name and style 
until 1880, when Mr. Edwin A. Bell was admitted. In 1883 the style was changed to 
the R. W. Bell Manufacturing Company, with the officers above named. In June, 1885, 
the soap manufacturing plant of H. Thompson, corner of Perry and Chicago streets, was 
purchased, and has been run to its full capacity ever since. 

I lie company maintain a branch house at Nos. 46 and 48 Michigan avenue, Chicago, 
under charge of Mr. B. O. Van Bokkelen, who has demonstrated his fitness for the place 
by building up a large and growing trade. 



HAZARD & AREND, 

Manufacturers of All Kinds of Dressed Lumber, Doors, Sash, Blinds, etc. — 
Dealers in Pine and Hemlock Lumber, Shingles, J.aili and Fence Posts — 
Nos. 372 to 382 Massachusetts St. 

Buffalo, by reason of her peculiarly eligible location at the foot of navigation on the 
great American lakes, is naturally the outlet through which the great volume of North- 
western lumber seeks a market in the East. Naturally, too, Buffalo is a superior point 
for the establishment of planing mills and factories for preparing lumber for the use 
of joiners and carpenters nearer the seaboard and for the manufacture of a variety of 
essentials to building, such as doors, sash, blinds, shutters, mouldings and other items 
that go to the completion and finish of houses large and small ; hence the stranger 
within her gates will be struck by the number and magnitude of these mills and 
factories. 

One of the latest and most promising ventures of this kind is the new firm of Hazard, 
Arend & Co., organized in the spring of 1886, and changed to Hazard & Arend in 
ruber, 1886. This establishment is known as the Queen City Planing Mill, Nos. 
372 to 382 Massachusetts street — one of the finest and completest plants of the kind in 
the country, comprising a mill 56 by 145 feet, two stories high, with boiler and engine- 
room 32 by 32 feet attached. A wing 40 by 86 feet and shaving room 16 by 32 feet have 
been added since the firm name changed. A full complement of first-class machinery 
and some fifty men are employed, and the capacity is about $200,000 worth per annum 
of finished work. As yet, of course, most of Messrs. Hazard & Arend's patronage 
comes from the builders of Buffalo and vicinity, but they aspire to extend their con- 
nection all over the Eastern and Middle States, and if superior work and moderate 
prices can accomplish it they will succeed. They manufacture every description of 
plain and decorative inside finish, and, having unusual advantages in the matter of 
practically unlimited supplies of the best lumber and command of the best mechanical 
skill, they are prepared to offer excellent inducements to buyers of doors, sash, blinds, 
mouldings, etc., as well as rough and dressed lumber. 

The members of the firm are W. B. Hazard and Fred. Arend. Mr. Hazard is a native 
of Prince Edward county, Canada ; he came to this city in 1870, and, besides his con- 
nection with the house now under consideration, is a prosperous lumber and real estate 
d.-aler, buying land and building houses for sale. Mr. Arend is a German and has re- 
Hided here for many years. He has been connected with planing mills since boyhood. 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



241 



Civil 



UNION BRIDGE COMPANY, 

Engineers and Constructors of Bridges— Works, Athens, Pa., and 
Buffalo, N. Y.— New York Office, No. 18 Broadway. 

The Union Bridge Com- 
pany is the outcome of a 
consolidation of four leading 
American companies, viz. : 
The Central Bridge Co., of 
Buffalo, composed of Gen. 
Geo. S. Field and Mr. Edmund 
Hayes ; Kellogg and Maurice, 
of Athens, Pa. ; Thomas C. 
Clark, of Clark, Reeves & 
Co., Philadelphia, and Chas. 
Macdonald, of the Delaware 
Bridge Company, New York. 
The works of the new com- 
pany comprise those of the 
late' firm of Kellogg & Mau- 
rice, at Athens, Pa., capacity 
14,000 tons, and those of the 
late Central Bridge Works, 
Buffalo, capacity 12,000 tons. 
The combination was formed 
in 1884, making the most ex- 
tensive and most powerful 
bridge-building firm in Amer- 
ica, the works being double 
the capacity of any other. 
The Buffalo shops and ap- 
purtenances cover six or 
eight acres of ground at the 
foot of Hamburg street, ad- 
joining the Union Iron Com- 
pany's rolling-mill and blast 
furnaces, convenient to rail- 
ways, lake and canal, switches 
connecting with every rail- 
road entering the city, and 
about a mile of tracks in 
their own yards furnishing 
every facility for the receipt 
of material and the ship- 
ment of finished work. The 
equipment of machinery and 
appliances is, of course, com- 
plete and on the most liberal 
scale, and a force of 200 
skilled and well-paid me- 
chanics find steady employ- 
ment the year round. In all. 
here, at Athens and in the 
field, the Union Bridge Com- 
pany employs about 1,200 
men at all seasons. 

The operations of the com- 
pany extend throughout the 
United States, and even to 
foreign lands. At this time 
they are building an immense 
bridge at Hawksbury, New 
South Wales, the contract 
for which was awarded them 
in open competition with the 




, v . 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



most celebrated bridge-builders of England, France and Germany, and aggregates 

10,000. They have also in course of construction across the Hudson river at 

akeepsie an immense viaduct, which, when completed, will be one of the most 

important and costly in this country. It is a double-track railway bridge of five spans 

of .">() feet and three of 52."S feet, besides 3,000 feet of trestle-work approaches — 

and is at the center 212 feet above low water-mark. This company has the contract for 

the entire work, foundations, masonry and superstructure. The company is also doing 

much work for the Canadian Pacific railway, and has contracts for bridges to be erected 

on the lines of nearly all American, Canadian, South American, Australian and Japanese 

railways. The magnificent cantilever bridge at Niagara Falls, built for the Michigan 

i Railroad, is a specimen of their work. 

The employment of steel in bridge construction is becoming more and more popular 

as the superiority of that material is demonstrated, and the Buffalo shops are specially 

fitted up with a first-class plant to meet this growing demand. 

Messrs. Clark and Macdonald have charge of the New York office of the company, 
No. 18 Broadway. Messrs. Kellogg and Maurice direct operations at Athens, Pa., and 
Gen. Field and Mr. Hayes manage the Buffalo branch. All of these gentlemen are first- 
class engineers and eminent business men. 



B. B. HAMILTON & CO., 



Dealers and Brokers in Real Estate— Buffalo Property a Specialty — No. 20 

West Swan St. 

The great value of this work, as its title in a measure suggests, will be in present- 
ing the material advantages of the city of Buffalo in detail as found at the present 
time. The fact that the city has nearly doubled in population during the past ten 
years, and is now one of the great railway centers, as well as controlling the commerce 
of the great lakes through the Erie canal, will in a measure indicate the material at 
hand and used in the preparation of this volume. As a manufacturing center, while 
Buffalo now takes a prominent position, yet when the fact is considered that the 
greatest water-power in the world — the Niagara river — right at her door, is as yet to be 
utilized, an idea can be formed of this city's future. That she is destined to be the 
greatest manufacturing center in this country, if not in the world, is no Utopian 
vision. Modern inventive genius will not long permit this great water-power to run 
to waste. 

With the rapid increase in population and new enterprises of all kinds, real estate 
in and adjacent to the city has felt the effect of Buffalo's boom. This old reliable 
barometer of the business situation and standard of values has displayed remarkable 
activity, especially within the past year. There never was such a movement in the 
city's history on the part of the laboring classes to secure homes. Consequently the 
suburban sections are being built up at a rate which has astonished the old-timers. 
Within a quite recent period East Buffalo has undergone a transformation scene, and 
now Black Rock and vicinity are having a similar experience. Manufacturing and 
other enterprises, gigantic and otherwise, are springing into existence, and real estate 
for building purposes along the Belt Line railroad is being passed around like cider at a 
country wedding. 

Mr. B. B. Hamilton, of the real estate firm of Hamilton & Co., a shrewd business 
man, enterprising and inclined to discount coming events on his own judgment, was 
requested to give an opinion on the prospects of the real estate market in Buffalo. 
Said he : " There was only once in the city's history when there was what might be 
called a genuine boom in real estate. After being incorporated, April 20, 1832, with 
five wards and a population of 10,000, the town grasped the situation and took a proper 
send-off. During the next, three years the population doubled, and there was, to put it 
mildly, considerable activity about the place. At the time of the financial crash of 1837 
real estate values had reached a point which in some sections of the city have never 
been touched since. I don't look for a repetition of that boom in 1887— fifty years 
later — but I must say real estate is pretty active. But it is on a sound basis. The city 
is growing so rapidly that real estate of any kind almost is a good thing to own, and 
sure to advance. Outside capital, which is coming in pretty rapidly, seems to have dis- 
covered this fact, while some of Buffalo's sleepy old money-bags are looking askance 
and wonder what it all means." 

During the past year Mr. Hamilton sold the Villa Park property, a tract of 185 acres 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 243 



located between Hertel avenue, the city line, and Delaware avenue and Main street, for 
$185,000. It is now held by a company, and being placed on the market for building 
purposes. This is one of a number of similar transactions in which Mr. Hamilton has 
figured. This gentleman, who was born in Buffalo in 1842, is probably as good a judge 
of the future of real estate in this city as any man living. His long experience in the 
banking business afforded the best opportunities in this direction. He first went with 
the International Bank in 1854, and remained until 18C2, when he resigned as teller to 
enter the army. After his discharge Mr. Hamilton was two years in Chicago. Return- 
ing to Buffalo, he entered White's Bank, and remained there until the Third National 
was organized. In 1881 he was appointed cashier, and held that office three years, 
retiring to go in the real estate business. In the latter capacity Mr. Hamilton has had 
the success which his abilities were bound to command. His operations are on a large 
scale and backed by ample capital. As brokers, or agents for non-residents, this firm 
is competent and reliable. Abstracts of title and tax searches are furnished on short 
not'ce. 

The other member of the firm, Mr. L. A. Smallwood, is in charge of the office, No. 
20 West Swan street. He is the right man for the place. 



LOUIS GOLDSTEIN, 

Dealer in Boots and Shoes— No. 150 Broadway. 

Among the new enterprises established with the opening of 1887, that handsome 
boot and shoe house of Mr. Louis Goldstein, No. 150 Broadway, is worthy of note, 
occupying as it does a fine four-story brick building, the premises being 30 feet front by 
114 feet deep, and the store occupying the entire ground floor, displaying a very large, 
carefully selected, new and fresh stock of the best goods in all departments for men's, 
women's, boys', misses' and children's wear. The interior arrangements are all that 
could be desired for comfort and convenience, and when it is added that rock bottom 
prices will prevail in all departments, together with politeness and prompt attention to 
the wants of the public, it is reasonable to predict that Mr. Goldstein will score a great 
success from the start, and eventually build up an immense trade in that prosperous 
section of the city. The opening will occur March 26th, and those interested in the 
business development of the city, or in search of bargains, will do well to attend. 

Mr. Goldstein has for some years been engaged in the manufacture of furniture, 
picture frames, etc., and in the restaurant and saloon business. He is a well-known and 
popular citizen, liberal and enterprising, owns the property he occupies, pays no rent, 
and will share that and other advantages with his trade. 

Mr. G. is recognized as a solid and well-balanced business man, and enjoys the 
respect of his fellow-men, both in a business and social point of view. 



WILLIAM S. BULL, 

Paper Manufacturers' Agent — Nos. 84 and 86 Lloyd St. 

The paper trade affects the comfort and pleasure of the general public as nearly, 
perhaps, as any other — it certainly has a more direct bearing upon the diffusion of in- 
telligence than any other from the fact that it is the medium universally employed to 
convey expressed thought, whether written or printed. 

One of Buffalo's most promising and useful business enterprises is the comparatively 
new but already popular and successful paper house of Mr. William S. Bull, Nos. 84 
and 86 Lloyd street, established in 1882. It is a handsome four-story building, 50 feet 
front by 75 feet deep, and is stocked in every department with a large and varied line of 
superior book, news, writing and wrapping papers from the most celebrated Eastern 
makers, for whom Mr. Bull is manufacturers' agent. During the past year over $100,000 
worth of these goods were supplied to the local trade through this house, and it is 
confidently expected that the present year's sales will exceed $150,000, and when Mr. 
Bull's experience and wide acquaintance and the character of his goods is taken into 
consideration this calculation does not appear extravagant. For over twenty-one years 
past he has been intimately and actively engaged in the paper trade, is a native of Buf- 
falo, energetic, industrious and of pleasing address, and cannot fail to prosper in his 
present enterprise. He sells from the mills direct, and is prepared to fill orders to any 
extent, promptly and in the most satisfactory manner, at as low rates as can be offered 
by the manufacturers themselves. 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



McNEIL & KURTZ, 



Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Hemlock Lumber, Lath, Shingles and 

\v I Card, corner Lord and Soutb Division sts. ; Office, Room '.Hi, 

Coal and iron Exchange, No. 257 Washington St. 

There is a very strong demand in this market for the better grades of hemlock 
lumber, lath, shingles, etc., and the object of the firm named above is to aid in meeting 
the requirements of the trade. The house was established in 1877 by Mr. Peter 
McNeil, who admitted Mr. W. H. Kurtz in January, 1885. The yard, at the corner of 
Lord ami South Division streets, comprises about an acre of land, with a storage 
capacity of from 10,000,000 to 15,000,000 feet, and is provided with a switch connecting 
with the various railroads, and all necessary facilities for the transaction of business on 
a large scale, the annual sales averaging $125,000. The leading specialty is hemlock 
lumber of all dimensions, of which the firm handles immense quantities, besides 
thousands of carloads of lath, shingles, firewood, etc., most of their commodities being 
sold to local buyers and consumers. 

Mr. McNeil is president of the Seneca Street and Franklin Way Stage Company, and 
was one of the originators of the Buffalo Herdic Company. He is also a member of the 
Allegheny Lumber Company. 

This is Mr. Kurtz' first business venture, and he gives it his undivided personal 
attention. 

C. D. ZIMMERMAN & CO., 

Dealers in Flour, Feed, Coal and Wood— Office, No. 50 West Eagle St.— 
Yards, No. 252 Maryland St. 

The firm of C. D. Zimmerman & Co., composed of C. D. Zimmerman and R. D. 
Cursons, was organized in 1883. The house which they conduct dates back to 1840, 
and was begun by Michael Messmer, who was succeeded in 1872 by Frank Noell. 
Messrs. Zimmerman & Co. are wholesale and retail dealers in flour, feed, coal and wood. 
Their transactions are large, aggregating $40,000 annually. The firm are wholesale 
agents for the product of the Franklin flour mills at Lockport, and also for the New 
ic-rk Health Fruit Company's goods. In this department of the business the trade 
extends throughout Western New York and to portions of Pennsylvania and Ohio. The 
wood and coal branch was established in 1856, and since then it has grown to extensive 
proportions. The yards at No. 252 Maryland street are well arranged for the handling 
of stock, and are also quite cojimodious. A very extensive feature of the operations of 
the firm is included under the head of street sprinkling. In addition, a boarding stable 
is conducted on Franklin street, opposite the City Hall. 

Mr. Zimmerman is a native of Pine Hill, this county, and was formerly one of the 
proprietors of the Pine Hill nurseries. He was also in charge of the Ohio State Agri- 
cultural Farm at Lancaster for two years, after which he returned to Buffalo. 

Mr. Cursons is a native of Buffalo, having been born opposite where the High School 
building now stands. For more than thirty years he has been in the street-sprinkling 
business. Both members of the firm are thorough-going business men, and have the 
happy faculty of retaining and constantly adding to their circle of customers. 



GEORGE MACNOE, 

<>lli< -ial Stenographer of the Superior Court— Office, 21 Chapin Block. 

Among the leading representatives of the profession we find Mr. George Macnoe, 
ollicial stenographer for the Superior Court. He has also a large share of general re- 
porting work in this and other places, and the accuracy of his work, and the prompt- 
ness with which it has been furnished, has very often been suitably recognized. Mr. 
Macnoe has been a resident of Buffalo over thirty years. He was a student of the inven- 
tor of phonography, Mr. Pitman, and for some time followed the profession of sten- 
ographic reporter for the press. 

During t li< - past four years Mr. T. D. Macnoe has been identified with the busi- 
ness, having charge of the officeand outside work. He is official stenographer for the 
grand juries of Erie county, and he has the reputation of being one of the brightest 
of the rising young members of the profession. 



TEE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 245 



FLINT & KENT, 

Wholesale Jobbers and Retail Dealers in Dry Goods, Notions, etc.— Nos. 261 
Main and 268 Washington Sis. 

The metropolitan character of Buffalo is in nothing more apparent than in the volume 
of her dry goods trade, both wholesale and retail, which foots up many millions of 
dollars annually. Some of the finest fortunes ever made here were amassed in this 
branch of business, and, judging from the activity apparent in the trade, other hand- 
some fortunes are in process of acquisition by the same means. 

One of the oldest and most reputable of the Queen City's great dry goods houses is 
that of Flint and Kent, Nos. 261 Main and 268 Washington streets, founded some fifty 
years ago by Ford & Howard, succeeded by Fitch & Howard, who were succeeded by 
Howard, Whitcomb & Co., and then by Flint, Kent & Stone, and Flint, Kent & Howard 
for one year, and they in turn by the present firm in 1865. As before intimated, Messrs. 
Flint & Kent are heavy handlers of dry goods, notions, etc., at both wholesale and 
retail. Their premises consist of a handsome five story building fronting 30 feet on 
both streets, with a depth of 200 feet, with a basement of like dimensions, the whole 
being devoted to their use. An average of thirty-five clerks, salesmen and other help 
are employed, and the firm do a very large business, extending throughout Western 
New York. Their store is patronized by the best class of trade in the city and country, 
who find here vast stocks, infinite varieties, the most approved styles, reliable goods, 
and prices as reasonable as can be quoted by legitimate merchants anywhere. The 
arrangement of the salesrooms, while systematic and convenient, is elegant and 
attractive, while the polite and patient attention shown customers and visitors is a sub- 
ject of enthusiastic remark, especially on the part of ladies. 

Mr. Flint, the senior partner, now sixty years of age, came to Buffalo from his birth- 
place, Hancock, N. H., thirty-seven years ago. He has been connected with the trade 
in dry goods since boyhood. 

Mr. Kent, sixty -three years of age, was born at Concord, N. H., and came to Buffalo 
in 1865. He, also, has devoted his entire business life to dry goods. Both are fully 
alive to Buffalo's great advantages and magnificent future, and deeply interested in all 
that concerns her welfare. 



RICHARD EVANS & SON. 



Established 1834— Manufacturers of Glue of All Kinds— Factory, Abbott 
Road near Iron Bridge— P. O. Box 66. 

Manufacturers of all descriptions of goods which in use are protected from the 
elements are patrons of the glue manufacturer, who finds his best customers among the 
cabinet-makers, carpenters, trunk-makers, paper-box makers, carriage-makers, painterp, 
etc. Glue is an article, indeed, of prime necessity to the trades and a standard item of 
commerce. The glue in general use is made from the horns, hoofs, waste bits of 
hide, etc., of neat cattle, and requires a high degree of skill and experience in the 
various processes involved ere it is ready for the market. 

Among the most extensive and popular glue manufacturers in the United States are 
Messrs. Richard Evans & Son, whose works occupy an immense one-and a half-story 
frame building, 60 by 300 feet, on the Abbott road near the iron bridge. The concern 
employs some thirty workmen, and produces about 150 tons of glue per annum, which 
it is safe to say is of superior quality, and will compare favorably with any of domestic 
or foreign make, the specialty being fine glue for wood-working purposes. The firm 
have a very high reputation, and their product meets with ready sale at highest prices 
throughout the Eastern, Northern and Western States and Canada. 

The senior Mr. Evans is a native of Ross, Herefordshire, England. He came to 
America whena child, andspent hisearlier years in NewYork and Boston. Laterbewas 
in government employ, getting out live oak in Florida for use in naval construction. 
He came to Buffalo in 1834, and at once began the manufacture of glue on a small 
scale. By strict attention to business, great energy and the gradual improvement of 
processes for the production of superior glue, he has built up a first-class and steadily 
increasing trade. In this he has been most capably assisted by his son, Mr. R. Evans, 
jr., who now has entire charge of the works and sales, and is one of Buffalo's rising 
young business men. 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



D. R. & H. FOGELSONGER, 

ractors and Dealers in All Kinds of Cut Limestone and Sandstone— 
Quarrj ;ii WilliamsTille ; Office and Yard, No. 215 Oak si. 

The remarkable increase of building operations hereabouts of late years lias had the 
effect, among others, of developing the quarries of Western New York, and establishing 
sb a regular calling the industry of supplying cut and dressed stone in quantities by 
contract. It is a great convenience to builders to be able to secure dimension stone 
for the mason, at such times and in such quantities as they may require. Conse- 
quently the reliable and responsible contracting quarryman and dealer in this kind of 
mat. -rial is usually well patronized and prosperous. 

Among the most prominent and successful of those who have invested their capital 
and business talents in this branch of business, is the firm of D. R. & H. Fogelsouger, 
whose large and busy yard, 118)^ by 150 feet, with office attached, is at No. 215 Oak 
street, between Broadway and Sycamore. Their quarry, at Williamsville, is a very 
valuable and productive one, for which they have been offered $30,000 cash. The firm 
employ sixty -live men, pay an average of $800 weekly in wages, and do a business of 
about $100,000 a year in the quarrying, dressing and delivery of limestone and sand- 
stone to builders* and contractors in Buffalo and vicinity. That their material and 
workmanship are of the best is evidenced by the large and increasing volume of their 
sales, limestone being their leading specialty. The brothers are natives of Williams- 
ville, D. It., forty-three and Henry thirty-seven years of age. 



N. MOERSHFELDER, 

Cutler and Grinder — Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Concave Razors, 
Tailors' and Barbers' Shears, Hones, Razor Strops, Combs, Barbers' 
Supplies, etc.— Nos. 501 and 503 Main St. 

The above is the only fine cutlery and grinding establishment in Buffalo. It waB 
established in 1850 by N. Moershfelder, senior, father of the present proprietor, both of 
whom in the year named emigrated hither from the then French province of Alsace, 
where the parent was born in 1806 and the son in 1834. The elder Mr. Moershfelder 
was a rarely skilled cutler in his own country, and brought with him his art, which he 
imparted to his son. Establishing himself here at first in a very moderate way, Mr. 
Moershfelder gradually built up a large and flourishing business, to which the son 
succeeded on the decease of the father in 1881. 

The works now occupy the roomy three-story building, Nos. 501 and 503 Main street, 
25 feet front and running back 85 feet, all the floors being devoted to factory purposes 
— the making, repairing and grinding of fine cutlery, razors, tailors' and barbers' 
shears, etc. — the concave grinding of razors being a leading specialty for which the 
house is famous. Mr. Moershfelder is also an extensive wholesale and retail dealer in 
the goods named, together with hones, razor strops, combs and barbers' supplies gen- 
erally, which he is prepared to furnish to the trade in large or small lots at lowest 
prices, quality considered. 

The works are run by steam, and orders are filled for shipment to all parts of the 
country. Eight men are employed, and sales average about $15,000 a year. 



BUFFALO PRESSED BRICK CO. 



Edward J. Hall, President; George S.Metcalfe, Treasurer; Alfred Hall, 
Secretary— Manufacturers of Pressed, Moulded, Stock and Common 
Brick— Office, Room 1, Harvey Block, No. 7 Swan St. — Telephone 84. 

It were a waste of time and space to present a detailed argument in proof of the 
superiority of pressed and moulded bricks over the ordinary sort for building purposes, 
where beauty and durability are demanded. The bricks, and the work constructed of 
them, speak for themselves, and so effectively that the demand for this splendid build- 
ing material multiplies season after season, while mammoth works for their manufac- 
ture are being established wherever clay of the proper kind can be found, and mechan- 
ical ingenuity is taxed to produce machinery that will turn them out fast enough and 
of good quality. 

Among the great industries of this kind established of late years the vast yards, 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



247 



kilns and machinery plant of the Buffalo Pressed Brick Co., at Tonawanda, are conspic- 
uous, comprising eighty-four acres of ground, several large brick buildings, an immense 
patent dryer, numerous kilns, and the finest collection of improved brick machinery of 
all kinds ever set up in this part of the country, with a yearly capacity of 5,000,000 
high grade bricks. Railroad side-tracks intersect the yards, and the company owns a 
large number of small brick cars built expressly for the handling of bricks, which they 
sell in lots on the Buffalo market and throughout Western New York and Pennsyl- 
vania. Architects, property owners, contractors, builders and bricklayers unite in pro- 
nouncing these bricks equal to any ever made hereabout, a fact which is further 
evidenced by the rapidly growing demand. The leading specialty of the company is 
pressed brick for front walls, made to any desired pattern for irregular corners, copings, 
arches, cornices, or plain and of standard size. Sixty men are employed in the season, 
and the output for the first year exceeded $70,000, their first pressed brick being put 
upon the market in the fall of 1885. The bricks used in Gies & Co.'s fine business 
building, southeast corner Swan and Center streets, are of the Buffalo Pressed Brick 
Co.'s make, selected for their superiority in competition with those of many other local 
and foreign manufacturers. 

The company is an outgrowth of Hall & Sons, manufacturers of fire and building 
brick, who were established in 1870. The Buffalo Pressed Brick Co. was organized with 
the above named officers in 1886. President Edward J. Hall is a New England man, 
who has been connected with ceramics as a brick manufacturer and agent of the Perth- 
Amboy Terra Cotta Works from boyhood ; while Mr. Alfred Hall is his son and partner 
in the firm of Hall & Sons. The elder Mr. Hall is a prominent Board of Trade man 
and vice-president of the Buffalo Telphone Co. Mr. Geo. S. Metcalfe, the treasurer, is a 
native of this city, formerly with the Anchor line of steamers, and a live, pushing 
business man. 



*$}&* 










LAKE VIEW MALT HOUSE. 

White & Crafts, Proprietors— Lake View Ave. and Jersey St. 

It is estimated that 
1,000,000 bushels of su- 
perior malt is annually 
produced by Buffalo 
alone. Immense malt- 
houses are found in all 
parts of the city, and 
the importation, malt- 
ing and shipping of bar- 
ley is recognized as one 
of the leading industries 
here. It is a branch of 
manufactures demand- 
ing for its successful 
prosecution large capi- 
tal, long experience, 
great skill and sound 
judgment, and the man 
who cannot bring ample 
resources of these to bear upon his business had better seek some other less exacting 
avenue of enterprise. 

Among the more prominent establishments of this kind that dot the Queen City is 
the large and substantial Lake View malt-house of Messrs. White & Crafts, at the inter- 
section of Lake View avenue and Jersey street, erected by the present proprietors in 
1875. The main buildings front 115 feet on Lake View avenue, 240 feet on Jersey 
street, are four stories high, with spacious basement, and have an annual malting 
capacity of 300,000 bushels, all of which is taken by the trade of the Eastern States, 
where, because of its superior quality, Messrs. White & Crafts' malt is a general favor- 
ite with brewers, being carefully and skillfully prepared from selected grain and every 
process conducted under the personal supervision of the proprietors, who are famous 
maltsters, with a long-established reputation. Mr. White was formerly an extensive 
distiller, and has been connected with malting, directly and indirectly, for more than 
thirty years. He is of English birth, but has resided here since boyhood. Mr. Crafts 
was born in Chautauqua county, N. Y., came to Buffalo in 1871, at once became inter- 




a-Jirj 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



[n the Niagara Malting Co., and only left it in 1ST.> to join Mr. White in the 

ature. . _ , . 

,. cialty >>f the house is malt of the highest grade. I hey employ forty capa- 

irkmen during the Beaaon, and pay from $350 to $400 in weekly wages. Their 

aa before stated, is altogether with Eastern brewers, and they have been unusually 

ml in the past and have excellent prospects for the future. 

BUFFALO ELECTRIC COMPANY, 

Manufacturers of Electric Work of Every Description — Annunciators, 
Speaking Tubes, Burglar Alarms, Electric Bells, etc.— Xo. UOO Pearl St. 

The Buffalo Electric Company is an entirely new enterprise, established the present 
vear and one which in the nature of things must develop into a great success. The 
proprietors are Messrs. Wells Dygert and Fred. W. Schiefer, brothers-in-law. Mr. 
Dygert was formerly for some years superintendent of the Wagner Sleeping Car Com- 
pany, a position which he filled satisfactorily to all concerned, and only resigned, 
because of failing health, to embark in farming near Detroit, abandoning that in 
January last to engage in his present venture. He is a capable and energetic business 
man. Mr. Schiefer, of German descent, ranks high as a theoretical and practical elec- 
trician, and is, besides, a skillful machinist. Both are natives of Buffalo. 

The works occupy the entire second story of No. 200 Pearl street, formerly belonging 
to Liberty House Co. No. 1, and are fitted up in the best manner with all requisite 
machinery and appurtenances for the manufacture or repair of electrical apparatus of 
every description for the use of physicians, surgeons, philosophical students and ex- 
perimenters with the subtle fluid. By means of ingenious yet simple devices erected in 
the office the working of all electric machinery, whether for the medical fraternity or 
others, is clearly shown and the principles of operation made plain. No more interest- 
ing exhibit can be found in Buffalo. 

Those in any way interested in electrical science are invited to visit these works and 
witness the processes whereby the lightning is harnessed and made the servant of man. 
Special attention is given to the construction and repair of electric bells, annunciators, 
speaking tubes, electric lights, telephones, electric motors, etc., and all work done in 
the best manner and guaranteed. 



SHANLEY BROS., 

Grocers, Dealers in Teas, Coffees, Spices, Fancy Groceries, Canned Goods, 
etc. — Tobacco and Cigars— No. 275 Swan St. 

The above-named firm, composed of Thomas A. and James B. Shanley, was estab- 
lished in 1884, and has been remarkably successful, occupying a handsome and con- 
venient three-story brick building 30 by 80 feet, with roomy cellar, fine stables attached, 
and all requisite facilities for the transaction of a first-class business. Their sales for 
the past year aggregated fully $30,000, and the prospect is that that figure will be 
largely exceeded in 1887, the reputation of the house being based 'on merit and its fame 
rapidly extending. 

In addition to a large and carefully selected stock of all staple family groceries of 
the highest grades, the firm carry superior lines of choice teas, coffees, spices, etc., and 
extra line popular brands of cigars and tobacco. They also make a specialty of leading' 
brands of flour, selling to consumers at mill prices. The best goods only in every de- 
partment are offered, the lowest prices asked, and politeness and promptitude character- 
ize the firm in all transactions. 

The senior member, Mr. Thomas A. Shanley, is an experienced insurance man, for 
ten years in the office of Smith, Davis & Co., No. 200 Main street. At this time he 
maintains an insurance agency on his own account at room No. 4, Board of Trade build- 
ing, representing several leading fire and marine associations. He is a silent partner in 
the grocery house, the active management of which devolves upon the junior partner, 
Mr. James B. Shanley. The latter for seven years previous to 1884 was district circu- 
lator of the Courier, giving entire satisfaction in that position. Mr. George R. Shanley, 
a younger brother, renders able assistance in the house, and is regarded as a competent 
and rising young business man, " a host of himself." All the brothers are natives of 
Buffalo, but proud of their Irish descent, prompt and honorable in their dealings, affa- 
ble, enterprising and liberal. 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 249 



THE ASSOCIATED ELEVATORS. 



S. F. SHERMAN, MANAGER. 



International Elevating Co.: P. A. Bell, President; E. C Hawks, Vice-Presi- 
dent ; G. H. Lewis, Treasurer ; C. A. Gould, Secretary — Lake Shore Elevating 
Co.: P. A. Bell, President ; Edward Michael, Vice-President ; W. H. Sher- 
man, Secretary and Treasurer — Dakota Elevator: Bell, Michael & Sherman, 
Owners — Office, Room 68, Board of Trade Building. 

No other city in the world enjoys such advantages in connection with the grain trade 
as does Buffalo. Situated at the extreme eastern terminus of the great chain of lakes, 
and of the railroad systems on both sides thereof, and itself the wes tern terminus of 
the Erie canal and the various railroads connecting with the Atlantic seaboard; with a 
vast and affluent grain territory upon the one hand from which to draw her supplies, and 
the markets of the world on the other — it would seem that neither nature nor man 
could do more to make her the granary and storehouse of this continent. Year by year 
her advantages in this connection become more and more apparent, year by year the 
volume of grain handled here becomes greater, aggregating for the season of 1885-86 
over 120,000,000 bushels. 

Hitherto all elevators erected here — nearly forty in number — have been designed 
and located with special reference to the receipt of grain by water, only two or three 
possessing facilities for receiving, elevating, storing and shipping by rail, and those 
totally inadequate to the demand, thus forcing the railroads to furnish not only trans- 
portation but storage until owners could sell or otherwise dispose of their grain, the 
cars standing loaded on the side tracks in great numbers, scattered along the lines of 
the Lake Shore, Michigan Central, Grand Trunk and Canadian Pacific, for distances 
varying from ten to seventy-five miles, awaiting the pleasure of shippers, sometimes 
for several months, ere being released. This was a great hardship, and the cause of 
serious inconvenience and loss to the railroad companies — a state of affairs that might 
have continued indefinitely, had not the idea occurred to Mr. S. F. Sherman, of The 
Sherman Bros. Co., Limited, that by the construction of capacious railroad elevators 
the abuse could be remedied, and an entirely new and profitab le business enterprise 
inaugurated at the same time. The result we now have in the two magnificent 
structures known as the "International" and "Lake Shore" elevators — the former 
located upon and occupying two entire blocks of 95,000 square feet, bounded by Niagara, 
Wayne and Dearborn streets, the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad and 
Scajaquada creek; the latter upon a plot of 97,000 square feet fronting on the Hamburg 
canal, Alabama and Scott streets. The companies, officered as stated above, organized 
with a joint capital of $300,000. Work was begun July 1st last, and the " Lake Shore" 
began actual operations December 15th. Owing to delays in securing a firm foundation 
and the necessity for much excavation, the work on the " International " progressed 
less rapidly, and it was not completed until the practicability and value of the scheme 
had been fully demonstrated by the success and popularity of the " Lake Shore," which 
from the hour of its opening for bnsiness has been crowded to its utmost limit, as has 
also the "International" since its completion, and the management of the Associated 
Elevators have ample ground for self-gratulation in the indorsement and patronage 
extended them by the railroad grain trade of Buffalo. The sister elevators are so con- 
structed and equipped with improved machinery as to insure promptitude in the hand- 
ling of grain on track, grading, bulking and equitable delivery to all roads, each plant 
being provided with switches and private tracks, stationary engine and windlass for 
moving cars, cleaning and grading apparatus, power shovels, weighing hoppers and 
scales of thirty tons capacity, rubber belt conveyors with patent trippers, incandescent 
electric lights, and, in short, every requisite appliance and convenience for the hand- 
ling of grain on a large scale, and in the best, quickest and most economical manner. 
Mr. S. F. Sherman, who maybe fairly called the father of the enterprise, presides over 
the office, No. 68 Board of Trade building. 
16 






THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 




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THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



251 



The plan of operations differs materially from that hitherto pursued, and deserves 
notice. Previous to being stored all grain received is graded by the chief inspector 
and weighed by the official weigbmaster of tbe Merchants' Exchange, a joint certificate 
being issued to the shipper for each car, and sent him by the receiver, as follows : 



No. . . . Official, Inspection and Weight 

OF THE 

BUFFALO MERCHANTS' EXCHANGE. 

Buffalo, N. Y., 188- .. 

This Certifies, That there has been inspected and weighed, 

Car No into Lake Shore Elevator, 

Grade 

Weight Bushels. 

Junius S. Smith, C. W. Ball, 

Weigbmaster. Chief Inspector. 



The manager of the Associated Elevators then issues to the railroad sending the 
grain a negotiable receipt, entitling the holder to the grain described, and which must 
be presented when it is desired to withdraw the same from store. This receipt reads 
on the face as follows : 



This grain is subject 
to our advertised rates 
of storage. 



No THE ASSOCIATED ELEVATORS, 

Buffalo, N. Y. 

Kind of Grain 

Bushels Buffalo, N. Y. . . .188. .. 

Grade 

Received in Store in the Lake Shore Elevator 

from 

bushels 

of 

subject only to the order hereon of 

and the surrender of this receipt and pay- 
ment of charges. 




This grain is received 
and held in store subject 
to the conditions printed 
on the back hereof. 



Manager. 



The subjoined conditions are printed on the back and provide a measure of pro- 
tection to the elevator company : " It is hereby agreed by the holders of this receipt 
that the grain herein mentioned may be mixed with other grain of the same quality by 
inspection in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Merchants' Exchange of 
Buffalo. Loss by fire or heating at owner's risk. In case any grain in this elevator 
becomes heated or out of condition during the life of this receipt, said grain shall be 
deemed to be and shall be of and belonging to the receipt of like grade bearing the 
oldest date outstanding and uncanceled." 

In making shipments the oldest grain of each grade is delivered first, thus holding 
fresh grain as far as possible and diminishing the danger from heating and other 
causes. Parties having lots of 5,000 or more bushels which they desire kept separately 
and the identity preserved must serve notice thereof previous to consignment, and no 
extra charge will be made for storage, but no guarantee of special care or equal 



252 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



y %,. 







TEE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 253 

delivery to railroads can be given. All deliveries are made under the supervision of the 
chief inspector and weighmaster of the Exchange, who issue joint certificates therefor. 

The combined storage capacity of these elevators is 1,000,000 bushels, the " Inter- 
national " receiving from the Canadian roads and the " Lake Shore " from the Lake 
Shore, Nickel Plate, Nypano and B., N. Y. & P. railways. The Associated Elevators 
are already attracting much of the railroad grain heretofore sent to Chicago and 
elsewhere, and it is confidently expected that there will be a constant and growing 
increase of receipts in the future. 

These elevators, constructed under the direction of Mr. Sherman, who expended 
much time in investigation and comparison before adopting plans, combine the best 
ideas utilized in the elevators at Brooklyn, Minneapolis, Chicago and Buffalo with 
several novel ones of his own. We illustrate both of these structures, and the 
engravings convey a fair notion of their general outward appearance. The " Lake 
Shore" has a superficial area of 11,446 square feet, two 104-foot towers, three receivers 
(two from tracks and one from canal), fifty bins 16 feet long, 10 feet wide and 45 feet 
deep, and can receive 100,000 or deliver 150,000 bushels per day. Cars of the New 
York Central, Buffalo, New York & Philadelphia, Nickel Plate, Buffalo, Rochester & 
Pittsburg, Erie, West Shore and Lehigh Valley railroads can be loaded here with 
the utmost ease and celerity, there being 1,600 feet of side-tracks on the premises, 
and from the opposite side canal-boats are loaded with the same facility. The 
power is furnished by a Rice automatic 100-horse-power engine, supplied with 
steam from a steel boiler 16 feet long by 66 inches in diameter. The yards belonging 
to this elevator embrace 85,000 square feet, furnishing ample room for cars and for the 
erection of additional buildings when deemed necessary. 

The "International" is built in four sections. It has 104 bins, each 45 feet high, 
10 feet wide, and 14 feet long. It has a machinery tower 104 feet high, 35 feet wide, 
112 feet long ; a marine tower 104 feet high, 35 feet square, and connected with the 
main building by a truss bridge 100 feet long, 6 feet wide, and crossing Niagara street 
45 feet above grade. It has five receiving elevators, one marine and four rail, with a 
daily receiving capacity of 320,000 bushels, and a delivering capacity of an equal 
amount. It is driven by a 200-horse power Buckeye automatic engine, taking its steam 
supply from two 60-inch by 16-foot steel boilers. It has 1,700 feet of side-track and 
can receive from vessels drawing 11 feet of water ; can deliver to canal-boats and the 
cars of the New York Central, West Shore, Lackawanna, Erie, Grand Trunk, Michigan 
Central, and Lehigh Valley railroads. One-half of the house will be bonded in order 
to hold grain in store in bond. 

The processes of receiving and delivering grain at these elevators are somewhat 
different from those pursued at most similar establishments and quite interesting to the 
experienced grain handler as well as the novice. The railroad having placed a train 
of cars loaded with grain on the elevator switch, the men in charge of the shovels 
attach the rope of the car-puller to one or more of the cars, give the signal to the 
assistant, who presses down on the lever and starts the drum ofnhe car-puller to 
winding up the rope and drawing the car into its position in front of the pit. From 
the bottom of the pit — which is 11 feet lower than the floor of the car — extending 
upward 110 feet to the top of the tower, are two stationary elevator legs containing an 
endless rubber belt, 17 inches wide, and revolving on iron pulleys at the top and bottom. 
Attached to this belt every 12 inches are tin buckets holding about eight quarts each. 
As this belt travels at the rate of 600 feet a minute, it therefore elevates 4,800 quarts 
or 150 bushels per minute. The car being in position, two men enter the car, each 
provided with a light wooden shovel about two feet square and connected by a rope 
with the shoveling machines. Each man goes to the end of the car, the machine 
revolves and winds the rope, thus drawing the shovels, with the grain in front of them, 
towards the car-door and thence into the pit. As the grain falls into the pit it is caught 
by the buckets and carried to the top of the tower, and as it passes over the pulley it 
drops into a large bin called the upper receiver, and thenc6 into the weigh-hopper. After 
all the grain the car contains has been received into the weigh-hopper, the trap door in 
the upper receiver is closed, making it ready to receive the next car-load. The grain in 
the weigh-hopper is then weighed and a trap door in the bottom of the hopper is opened, 
allowing the grain to drop into the lower receiver, whence it passes through a short 
spout, dropping on to a 30-inch rubber belt which runs on rollers, placed over the 
partition of a row or section of bins holding about 5,000 bushels each. To take the 
grain from this belt at any desired point and not scatter or waste any of it is a feat that 
is accomplished by a little machine called a tripper, invented by George B. Mallory. 
This machine consists of an iron frame, traveling on wheels and running over the 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



conveyor belt. On top of this frame is an iron roller over which the belt is made to 
■ under another iron roller in front and a little below the first. Before 
tin- bell with the grain on it passes under this roller an iron blade is pressed firmly 
against the belt, catching the grain and throwing it into a spout at either side, and 
thence into the bin. All that is required to empty the grain into any bin is to place the 
tripper in front of the bin. ami the rest of the work is performed automatically. 

To get the grain out of the elevator, almost the same routine is followed as to get it 
in, except that work is commenced at the conveyor first and ends at the car or vessel. 
each section of bins is a conveyor- pit 7 feet deep. In these pits are conveyors 
similar to the belt conveyors over the bins, but made up of 7-inch strips of rubber belt 
at tin- pide and a strip of" canvas in the center. The conveyors extend from the back of 
the elevator to the pits of the elevator leg. By opening a trap door in the bottom of 
any of the Wins, the grain drops on to the conveyor, and is carried forward and emptied 
into the elevator pit, where it is caught by the buckets, carried up to the top of the 
tower, dropped into the upper receiver, thence into the weigh-hopper, where it is 
weighed , i lien into the lower receiver, and thence through a spout leading to the lower 
floor. At the end of this spout is a flexible or telescopic nozzle which casts the grain 
in any desired direction, providing for the trimming of cargo without manual labor. 
A custom-house attache at the elevator office facilitates clearances. 

THE NEW DAKOTA ELEVATOR. 

Work was commenced March 16, 1887, on what will be, when completed, the largest 
grain stores in the city. It is being built by Messrs. F. A. Bell, Edward Michael and D. 
A. Sherman. It will cover a plot of laud 100 by 306 feet, with bins 100 feet deep, and 
three towers, each 140 feet high. The land is located on Blackwell canal and Hatch 
slip, having a frontage of 162 feet on the former and 335 feet on the latter and con- 
necting with the Buffalo Creek Railway, and by it giving connection with all railroads 
entering Buffalo. The house when completed will have a storage capacity of 2,250,000 
bushels, and will have three marine and six inside elevators. It will be provided with 
the Mallory system of belt conveyors, incandescent system of electric lights, steam fire 
extinguishers, Frisbie grain shovels, car pullers, " Buckeye" automatic engine, etc., and 
with sufficient track room to load twenty cars without switching. It will have six canal 
deliveries and will have a capacity for elevating about 175,000 bushels per day from 
vessels and 50,000 bushels per day from cars. It is expected the work will be so far 
completed by June 15th as to permit transfers from vessels to cars or canal-boats, and that 
it will be completed so as to receive grain for storage by October. It will be a part of 
the Associated Elevators system, and will offer to the grain trade the option of a 
graded negotiable receipt or a non-negotiable receipt with identity of grain preserved. 

The Associated Elevators' schedule of charges is as follows : 

Elevating from cars, including five day's storage and delivering to 

cars, boats or wagons Three-fourths cents per bush. 

Storage each succeeding tea days or parts thereof One-fourth " 

Blowing and cleaning.. One-half " " 

Grading and cleaning One " " 

Separating and cleaning Two " " 

Running over and cooling One-fourth " " 

Storing hot or damaged grain, commencing three days after 

same has been posted One-eighth cent per bush, per day. 

All holders of graded receipts will be entitled to delivery of grain on any railroad entering the city free 
of switching charges, 'lint right reserved to amend or change these rates by giving thirty days notice to 
the Se the Merchants' Exchange of Buffalo. 

n becoming heated or out of condition will be charged one-eighth cent per day, commencing three 
days after it is posted. 

Th' manager reserves the tight to change the foregoing rates at any time by giving thirty days' notice 
to the Secretary of the Merchant's Exchange. 

The officers of the associated companies are named at the head of this notice. 
President Bell, of the "International" is head of the firm of Bell, Lewis & Yates, 
coal miners and shippers; Treasurer Lewis is of the same firm ; Vice-President Hawks 
is a prominent lawyer, and Secretary Gould is of Gould & Stimson, proprietors of the 
Buffalo Steam Forge. Mr. Bell is also president of the "Lake Shore;" Mr. Michael, 
vice-president, is a leading lawyer; D. A. Sherman is president of The Sherman Bros. 
Co. (limited), commission dealers in grain, 58 Board of Trade building; Secretary 
Sherman is also Becretary and treasurer of the same company, and Mr. S. F. Sherman, 
manager of the Associated Elevators, devotes his entire time to the successful manage- 
ment of the company. Mr. E. C. Loveridge, the assistant manager, has charge of the 
office details. 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



255 



ROOD & BROWN, 

Car Wheel Works— C. E. Rood, Henry M. Brown— Manufacturers of Railroad 
Car, Engine, Tender and Truck Wheels— Office and Works, Howard and. 
Thomas Sts., near William St., Belt Line Station 

Buffalo tak- 
i? ;££~\ r'**^' iug as she does 

the front rank 
among the great 
railway centers 
of the United 
States, it is ac- 
cording to the 
law of natural 
selection that 
everything per- 
taining to rail- 
way rolling 
stock should be 
man u f actured 
here on a large 
scale. For a 
long time this 
city has been a recognized headquarters for car- wheels. Among the firms engaged in 
the business, that of Messrs. Rood & Brown is here referred to. Their product 
consists of wheels for all kinds of railroad cars, engines, tenders and trucks. The 
works are quite extensive, as will appear from the accompanying illustration. They 
give employment to a large force of men and have the very best of facilities for turning 
out finished wheels in great quantities, their capacity being 150 wheels per day. The 
record of the wheels of this firm on a number of leading railroads has demonstrated 
their superiority over any others in use. All wheels are made from the best charcoal 
iron, by the chilled process. Before leaving the shops all wheels are thoroughly 
tested, so that any flaws or imperfections are readily detected, and back goes the wheel 
to be cast over again. The individual members of the firm are C. E. Rood and Henry 
M. Brown, both experienced and practical men in the business. Their establishment is 
one of a great number of industrial enterprises which have been opened up in East 
Buffalo quite recently, making that section of the city teem with the busy hum of 
progress. 




FRANK H. KINNIUS, 



Wholesale and Retail Grocer— Dealer in Flour, Feed, Corn, Oats, Hay, etc.— 
Telephone 2053 A— Nos. 1412 and 1414 Main St. 

The phenomenal growth of Buffalo, so surprising to strangers, is, for obvious 
reasons, chiefly in a northerly direction, and Cold Spring may be termed a suburb of 
the city proper. Principal among the groceries in this locality is that owned by 
Mr. Frank H. Kinnius at, Nos. 1412 and 1414 Main street, and occupied exclusively by 
himself as store and dwelling. It is a handsome three-story brick building, 42 by 60, 
with barns, stables and other outbuildings in the rear. The business was established 
in 1877 by John G. Langner & Co. The present proprietor was born in Buffalo in 1851, 
and having received the advantages of an ordinary school education, worked as clerk 
in different capacities till 1871. He then entered the freight office of the New York 
Central & Hudson River railroad. In 1877 he became a partner with Mr. J. Q. Langner 
in the house of which he is now the head, and in 1882, at the death of Mr. Langner, 
took charge of the business of the firm on his own account. The store he now occupies 
was built by himself in 1885. 

The store is divided into two distinct departments, one being set apart for flour, 
feed, grain and fodder of all kinds, while the other contains a large and well-selected 
stock of choice family groceries, a specialty being made of the finest brands of teas 
and coffees, a large assortment of which are always kept on hand, both for retail output 
and also to supply the trade. A public telephone may be mentioned as one of the 
many conveniences of this really well-appointed business house. 



256 THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



While the bulk of the goods sold are consumed in Buffalo and the surrounding 
country, still tln-rt- are not wanting many orders from other towns and cities of the 
Union at long distances. 

Mr. Kinnius is well and favorably known in Buffaloand recognized by all as a young 
man of good business habits and remarkable executive ability. 

By putting his shoulder to the wheel, he sets a good example to his employes, 
and although at all times strict and prompt to a degree there is still a vein of kindness 
and liberality traceable throughout his dealings, an evidence of the live-and-let-live 
principle, which in a great measure accounts for the astonishing success that has 
attended his efforts during the comparatively short time he has been established in his 
present business. 



GERMAN-AMERICAN BANK OF BUFFALO. 



Henry Hellriegel, President; Henry Breitweiser, Vice-President ; Henry W. 
Burt, Cashier— Capital, $100,000— No. 440 Main St., opposite Soldiers 
and Sailors' Monument. 

Among the different fiduciary institutions of Buffalo there are none that are managed 
on sounder financial principles, with direct reference to the best interests of depositors, 
than the German-American Bank. This institution since it was organized, May 10, 1882, 
has steadily advanced in public favor. Among its officers and directors are to be found 
leading German business men whose names are synonyms for prudent, careful manage- 
ment of anything entrusted to their care. The board of directors consists of Messrs. 
Henry Hellriegel, Jacob W. Diehl, L. L. Lewis, Francis Handel, Michael Nellany, 
August Baetzhold, John Schaefer, Jos. Timmerman and Henry Breitweiser. These 
gentlemen are all well known to the citizens of Buffalo. 

The cashier, Mr. Burt, is eminently qualified for his responsible position, and fills it 
to the entire satisfaction of the patrons and stockholders. Every facility is possessed 
for doing a general banking business, including making collections, issuing drafts, bills 
of exchange, etc., at the lowest current rates. The subjoined statement shows the 
condition of affairs for the quarter ending March 12, 1887 : Assets — Loans and discounts, 
$656,756.83 ; U. S. bonds, $1,000.00; bonds and mortgages, $7,500.00; due from banks, 
$87,136.45 ; cash on hand — currency, gold and silver, $23,426.70 ; furniture, fixtures, 
etc., $3,000.00; expense account, $3,070.99; real estate, etc., $5,750.00; overdrafts, 
$4,849.63; total, $792,490.60. Liabilities— Capital, $100,000 ; surplus account, $35,000 ; 
interest account, $11,794.63; amount due depositors, $645,695.97; total, $792,490.60. 



INTERNATIONAL BOX AND HEADING CO., 

Manufacturers of Boxes and Heading— Foot of Hertel Ave. 

The above company, formerly W. E. Plummer & Son, was founded in 1866. The 
members are W. E. Plummer, sr., and W. E. Plummer, jr., father and son. Their 
premises at the foot of Hertel avenue, embracing factory and yards, are 200 by 700 feet. 
The works occupy a substantial two-story building 100 by 110 feet, employ from 45 to 
50 men, and are fitted up with a fine complement of machinery, comprising saws, 
planers, jointers, etc., run by a powerful steam engine. 

Some idea of the quality and quantity of the work done here may be drawn from 
tin fact that besides a steady and growing demand from the local trade — manufactur- 
ers, wholesale dealers and shippers of every description of goods, coopers, and others 
— large quantities of the company's boxes and headings are sent to Eastern markets, 
the total sales averaging $75,000 a year. 

The Messrs. Plummer are industrious, enterprising gentlemen, and deserve the 
prosperity which has smiled upon their efforts. The father is a native of Windham 
county, N. 11., born in 1822. He moved to Buffalo in 1840, and up to 1863 was engaged 
in the manufacture of woolen goods, abandoning that for his present vocation. He 
is a plain, unassuming, straightforward man. W. E. Plummer, jr., was born in 
Buffalo in 1852, and has been in this line of business since boyhood. He is a wide- 
awake, hard-working, public-spirited young man, a freemason, and popular with all 
who know him. 



THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 257 



DAVIS & BROWN, 



Manufacturers of Superior Grades Fine-Cut Chewing and Smoking Tobac- 
cos and Cigarettes— Northwest corner Pearl and Court Sts. 

It has been sixteen years since Buffalo boasted a tobacco and cigarette factory, not- 
withstanding there is no better location for a business of that kind in the United 
States. The want is about to be supplied at last, however, by the above-named firm, 
who, having secured the splendid new five-story brick and iron building at the north- 
west corner of Pearl and Court streets, are fitting it up, as this work is issued, with a 
complete equipment of the latest improved machinery, and early in April will com- 
mence active operations with a large force of skilled bands, putting upon the market 
the finest grades of fine-cut cbewing and smoking tobacco and cigarettes. The firm 
have ample capital, experience and facilities, and there can De no reasonable question 
of their ability to make Buffalo one of the most renowned and popular of American 
tobacco manufacturing centers. Only the finest Virginia, Kentucky and imported stock 
will be used, and every effort will be made to please the trade and consumers. 

The building occupied is one of the most convenient and substantial in the city, and 
if specially erected for the purpose could not better suit the requirements of the firm. 
Each of the five floors constitutes a single immense room, 50 by 90 feet in dimensions, 
the ceilings supported by rows of iron columns. 

Mr. William Davis, the senior member, has a thorough knowledge of his business, 
having had eighteen years experience. He is thirty-eight years of age, an active, 
energetic and enterprising business man. The junior member, Mr. "William G. Brown, 
has had an experience of twelve years, and has a thorough practical knowledge of 
his calling in all its branches. 

The firm have the neatest and best arranged factory in the country, and must 
succeed. 



TROY LAUNDRY, 



Mrs. Kate Fogarty, Proprietress— Hand Work Exclusively— Nos. 36 and 38 
Fast Eagle St., near Washington. 

The success achieved by the energetic, thorough-going proprietress of the above- 
named popular laundry shows what may be accomplished by a wide-awake woman 
when she is in earnest. Mrs. Fogarty came to this country from Scarborough, York- 
shire, England, when but five years old. Her parents, poor but industrious and 
respectable people, were unable to provide for their daughter further than to give 
her a plain common school education and a good example, and while still quite young 
she sought and obtained employment in one of Troy's great laundries, where she soon 
became noted for intelligence and capacity, and was elected President of the Troy 
Collar Laundry Union, which office she retained for five years, taking an active part in 
the strike of 1874. She then came to Buffalo, where she has remained ever since, attend- 
ing strictly to her business, and gradually gaining the confidence and patronage of the 
public, and particularly of that class who recognize and appreciate first-class laundry 
work. At present Mrs. Fogarty occupies the entire three-story building, 46 by 60 feet, 
Nos. 36 and 38 East Eagle street, between Washington and Ellicott streets, where she 
employs some twenty -seven skillful laundresses, pays the best wages in the city for 






TEE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



tlmt kind of work, ami dots an annual business of nearly $20,000. No machinery 

■whatever is used in the estab- 
lishment, and consequently 
garments are done up in 
superior style and without 
injury. The specialty, of 
course, to which greatest at- 
tention is given, is the laun- 
drying of gentlemen's shirts, 
collars and cuffs, both for the 
trade and for individual cus- 
tomers, though every descrip- 
tion of men's washing is done 
to order in the best manner 
and at short notice. The Troy 
Laundry was established by 
Misses Mullany (now Mrs. 
Fogarty) and Carll in 1871, 
the former succeeding in 1875. 
Mrs. Fogarty has made the 
reputation of the laundry, and 
well deserves the prosperity 
that has attended her efforts. 




GOULD & STIMSON, 

BUFFALO STEAM FORGE, 




ENGINE FORCINGS 

HEAVY SHAFTS,' 

HAMMERED 

SHAPES, 

BOXES. PINS 

SHANKS 




Manufacturers of Locomotive and Car Axles, Engine Forgings, Heavy 
Shafts, Hammered Shapes, Boxes, Shanks, Links, Pins, etc.— Works, 
Across Ohio-st. Bridge ; Onice, Room 24 Hayen Building. 

The Buffalo Steam Forge was established in 1863 by 
Henry Childs, the style subsequently changing for a short 
time to Childs & Saxton, then again Henry Childs, who in 
in January, 1885, were succeeded by the present firm, com- 
posed of Charles A. Gould and Henry B. Stirnson. Mr. 
Gould, a native of Batavia.N.Y., born in 1849, has spent the 
greater portion of his life in Buffalo, where he is a well- 
known and popular citizen. He was deputy postmaster 
in 1879, a position which he resigned in 1881, having 
been appointed Collector of Customs for the district of 
Buffalo, an office which he retained until his term expired 
in 1885, when he joined Mr. Stimson in the present ven- 
ture. Mr. S. first saw the light at New Lots, N. Y., in 
1856. He came to Buffalo in 1874, and in 1876 became as- 
sociated with Mr. Childs in the Buffalo Steam Forge. 
Both are energetic, earnest, enterprising business men, 
under whose administration this famous old forge 
property is becoming more valuable than ever before. 
The works and appurtenances occupy more than four acres of land adjacent to the 
south end of the Ohio-street bridge, across the Buffalo river, and comprise two im- 
mense buildings — one 80 by 250 feet, the other 30 by 300 feet — and the necessary yards, 
Bheds, etc. The works are very convenient to the various railroads and wharves, having 
direct connection with the Buffalo river, and are equipped in the best possible manner 
for the work they are designed to perform, the machinery including a number of mon- 
ster steam hammers, lathes, etc., for shaping and finishing heavy work, and a wilder- 
ness of smaller machinery for light forgings of every description. 

The specialties of the firm embrace locomotive and car axles of the highest grades, 
every variety of engine forgings, heavy shafts, hammered shapes of all kinds, boxes, 
shanks, links, pins — in short, any and every kind of heavy and light forgings for rail- 
roads, steamboats, mills, etc., railway work forming a leading specialty, their coupling 
links and pins being confessedly the very best made in this country. 

The firm employ 100 men, pay some $4,000 a month in wages, and do an annual bus- 
iness ol s500,no<), which is increasing at a gratifying rate. 




INDEX TO REPRESENTATIVE HOUSES. 



1 CADEMY OF DESIGN. 

A Kelly, E. Henri 

Agricultural Engines— Manufacturers. 

Pitts Agricultural Works 

Architect and Surveyor. 

Bayer, Charles 

Architects. 

Little. H. H 

Caulkins, P. W 

Porter, Cyrus K. & Son 

Balsam, J. G 

Architectural Castings— Manufacturer-. 

Tifft, Geo. W., Sons & Co 

Architectural Terra Cotta— Dealers. 

Hall &Sons 

Art and Mural Decorations. 

Clark & Allen 

Artificial Limhs. 

Buffalo Artificial Limb Co 

Art Rooms— Household. 

Jennings, Edward H 

BAKERS— Steam. 
Mugridge, George & Son 

Banks— National. 

Third National Bank of Buffalo 

Banks— State. 

Bank of Attica 

German-American Bank 

Manufacturers and Traders Rank 

Merchants Bank of Buffalo 

Bankers and Brokers. 

Donaldson & Co 

Baths. 

Oriental Bath Rooms 

Billiard Tables— Agency. 

BrunswickBalke-Collender Co. (The) 

Bird Cages, Refrigerators, etc.— Manufacturers 

Pierce, Geo. N. & Co 

Biscuit — Manufacturers. 

F. A. Kennedy Co 

Bit Braces— Manufacturers. 

Amidon & White 

Blank Book Manufacturers. 

Bork, William H 

Boiler Makers. 

Tifft, Geo. W., Sons & Co 

Bookbinder. 

Bork, William H 

Booksellers— Wholesale. 

Vosburgh, Whiting & Co 

Boots and Shoes— Dealers. 

Goldstein. Louis 

Boots and Shoes— Manufacturers. 

Forbush & Brown 

Boots and Shoes— Wholesale. 

Walker, W. H 

Boxes and Heading— Manufacturers. 

International Box & Heading Co 

Schlee & Stephan 

Brass Founders. 

Brown, A. H 

Brewers— Lager Beer. 

Kuhn, Jacob F 

Lake View Brewing Co 

Lang, Gerhard 

Luippold, John M 

Brick — Pressed. 

Buffalo Pressed Brick Co 

Bridge Builders. 

Union Bridge Co 

Building Brick— Manufacturers. 

Hall & Sons 

Builders and Contractors. 

Rumrill & Rupp 

Business Colleges. 

Clark's Business College 

Buttons— Manufacturers. 
Shantz, M. B. & Co 



83 
126 

178 

110 
100 
172 

•204 

84 
125 

82 
149 
177 

76 



101 

256 

So 



178 

216 

163 

198 

90 

112 

227 

84 

227 

158 

243 

141 



256 
170 

191 

213 

127 

S8 

182 

246 

241 

125 

114 

, 137 

. 102 



CANADA Barley— Importers. 
Manning, John B 75 

Carting. 

Buffalo Storage & Carting Co 147 

Carpets, Upholstery, etc.— Jobbers and Dealers. 

Morgan, D. E. <fc Son 171 

Carriages and Wagons— Manufacturers. 

Callahan, R «J 

Grad, A. J 184 

Car Wheels— Manufacturers. 

Rood & Brown *55 

Cement— Agents. 

Ross, J. H H3 

Center Tables— Manufacturers. 

Ernewein, John 134 

Chain Belting— Manufacturers. 

Mey, F. H.^C la ~ 

Chemical Works. 

Crocker's Fertilizer and Chemical Works. . . . 140 
Chemicals— Manufacturers. 

Buffalo Chemical Works (The) 155 

China and Glass— Importers. 

Glenny, W. H., Sons & Co 87 

Cider and Vinegar— Wholesale. 

Gentsch, B. F. & Sons !-«> 

Civil Engineers. 

Balsam, J. G ™} 

I'avey, Marsden 1 ' a 

Chandeliers, I amp°, etc.— Importers. 

Glenny. W. II., Sons & Co 87 

Cloaks— Manufacturers. 

Buffalo Cloak Manufacturing Co US 

Clocks— Importeis. 

Glenny, W. H., Sons & Co •■• 87 

Clothing and Furnishing Goods— Retail. 

Altman&Co l** 

Clothing Manufacturers and Jobbers. 

Altman & Co U6 

Coal and Wood— Dealers. 

Humphrey, R '° 

Montague, George *~ l 

Coal— Miners and Shippers. 

Central Coal Co 139 

Langdon, J. & Co 194 

Powers. Brown & Co »« 

Smith, Henry E I 45 

Coal— Retail. 

Bell. John A 

Coal Tar Dyes— Manufacturers. 

Schoellkopf Aniline and Chemical Co. (The) 
Coal and Coke— Wholesale. 

Bennett, Ensign 

Coffee, Spice and Drug Mills. 

Hatch & Jen ks 8t> 

Commission— Fruits and Produce. 

Richardson, Charles 131 

Confectioners— Manufacturers. 

Sibley & Holmwood lbu 

Contractors and Builders. 

T'iGcklt* JiicoT) ~"*o 

Copper, Tin and'sheet Iron— Manufacturer. 

McCutcheon, Samuel 1°4 

Cordage. 

Baker, Howard H. & Co 

Crackers, Biscuits, etc.— Manufacturers. 



118 
233 



105 



F. A. Kennedy Co. 



90 

Mugridge, George & Son "'$ 

Niagara Baking Co I 51 

Crockery— Importers and Jobbers. 
Glenny. W. IL, Sons & Co 87 

Cutler and Grinder. 
Moerschfelder, N «™ 

Cut Stone— Contractors and Dealers. 

Fogelsonger, D. R. &H 24b 

Straub, Peter G ~ 14 

DESIGNER and Engraver. 
Penfold, Charles C 2 06 






THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



Doors. Saab, etc.— Mnnti fact in. 

■ o 77 

Draper and Tailor. 

i (umbers, Pi auk C 200 

I Lumber, etc.— Manufacturers. 

Basard A Arend 240 

■1 Me;iis — Wholesale. 

Western Beef Co 17!) 

;iat. 
:. Mrs. Or. L 205 

Dn ida— Import 

Barnes, Hengerer&Co 73 

I tooda — lumbers and Dealers. 
Flint 6 Cent 843 

Dry Goods— Jobbers and Retailers. 
Barnes. lleiiL't'ier & Co 73 

PLBCTFJC Lighting. 

I> Brnsh Electric Light Co. (The) 187 

Electric Apparatus -Manufacturers. 

Buffalo Electric Co 218 

ore— Grain. 

Iienneti & Onion Elevators 223 

City &Tiffl Elevators 163 

Coataworth Elevator 227 

Exchange Elevator 117 

Frontier Elevator Co 108 

Lake Shore, International and Dakota 219-254 

Niagara Elevating Co 89 

Richmond Elevator (The) 81 

Sehreck Elevator 119 

Engines — Manufacturers. 

Bell, David 175 

Dempster Endue Works (The) 161 

Tlfft, Geo. W., Sons & Co 84 

Engravers— Wood. 
Wightman, George D 138 

FEATHER Renovators, 
Chaney, N. P. & Co 193 

Feed Mills. 

Engle, A. A 119 

Fell Goods— Manufacturers. 

Buffalo Felt Goods Co 224 

Fertilizers— Manufacturers. 

Crocker's Fertilizer and Chemical Works 140 

Fire Brick— Manufacturers. 

Ball&Sons 125 

Fire Brick and Fire Clay— Wholesale and Retail. 

Ross, J. II 11.3 

Fire Clay— Dealers. 

Hall & Sons 125 

Fire Place Goods— Manufacturers. 

Schwartz & Co 226 

Florists. 

Hale, Mrs. J 157 

Scott, William 130 

Flour, Feed, Coal and Wood— Dealers. 

Humphrey, E 78 

Zimmerman, C. D. & Co 244 

Flour, Grain and Seed— Wholesale. 

•y Bros 105 

Forgings— Manufacturers. 

DeLu . Iron Co 133 

■v Stimson 258 

Forwarding and Commission. 

Gallagher, E 107 

Furniture— Manufacturers and Dealers. 

Titi't Furniture Co 136 

Fnrs— Manufacturers. 

arles P 203 

(I in porters. 
' Glenny, W. B., Sons & Co 87 

-Manufacturers. 

Ball Bros 116 

M inufacl urers. 

, s. & Co 107 

Uannfactui i 

Bvans, Richard & Son 245 

(.rain < lommisslon Merchants. 

Wilbur, E. B. &Co 237 

Grain Dryers— Manufacturers. 

Mey, P. II. c 157 

Grocers— Wholesale. 

Beinold, Charles J 148 

& Co 168 

Keller, Henry D 196 



Grocers — Wholesale and Retail. 

Churchill's, C. P. Sons 168 

Kinnius, Frank II 255 

ShanleyBroe 218 

Gunpowder — Agency. 

Bid well, Clinton 102 

HARDWARE— Retail. 
Hauck, Adam 103 

Hardware — Wholesale. 

Rebstock Stove Co (The) 153 

Walhridge & Co 109 

Harness — Manufacturers. 

Shifferens & Sons 231 

Hats and Caps— Manufacturers. 

Buffalo Hat Manufacturing Co 172 

Queen City Hat Manufacturing Co l v O 

Vickere, J. W 230 

Heaters — Manufacturers. 

Stewart Heater Co (The) 164 

Hotels. 

Arlington (The) 229 

Crandall House 08 

Mansion House (The) 163 

Spencer House 86 

Stafford (The) 152 

House Furnishing Goods— Wholesale. 

Walbridge & Co 109 

Hydraulic Cement — Manufacturers. 

Buffalo Cement Co. (Limited) 97 

TNHALERS -Pocket. 

1 Smith, W. H. & Co 132 

Interior Hardware Finish — Manufacturers. 

Metz, Bark & Meyer 135 

Insurance— Accident. 

Buffalo Mutual Accident Association (The). .. 225 
Iron, Hardware, etc. — Wholesale. 

Deals & Brown 195 

Iron Works. 

Bingham & Taylor 146 

Howard Iron Works 207 

JEWELERS. 

O Dickinson, T. & E 209 

Jewelry, etc. — Dealers. 

Hibbard Bros., Agents 181 

Jewelers — Manufacturing. 

Gentner, Valentine, Jr 183 

Schneider & Betz 200 

Jewelers' Findings — Manufacturers. 

Wiesbauer, J 192 

T AND COMPANIES. 

Jj Ozark Plateau Land Co 223 

Land Plaster, State — Manufacturer. 

Ross, J. H 113 

Laundries. 

Farmar, M. E. Miss 182 

Troy Laundry 257 

Wendell, John & Son 116 

Laundries — Steam. 

American Palace Steam Laundry 129 

Dunham, John C 1«">8 

Willsey, E. D 235 

Lead Pipe— Manufacturers. 

Cornell Lead Co 91 

Lead— Sheet and Bar — Manufacturers. 

Cornell Lead Co 91 

Leather Belting— Manufacturers. 

Bickford & Francis 169 

Leather — Hemlock Sole — Manufacturers. 

Bush & Howard H2 

Leather— Wholesale. 

Root & Keating 82 

Lithographers. 

Cosack & Co 95 

Livery Stable. 

Callahan, R 171 

Live Stock Yards. 

Crocker, L. B., Sup't 143 

Lounges — Manufacturers. 

Fromm&Co 194 

Lounges and Mattresses — Manufacturers. 

Holland & Vilas 104 

Lumber and Timber— Manufacturers. 

Elias, G. & Bro 166 

Lumber Dealers. 

McNeil & Kurtz 244 



TEE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



261 



Lumber — Wholesale. 
Hazard. C. P 230 

MACHINISTS. 
Brown, A. H 191 

Kehr & Duffy 193 

Magic Cleaner — Dealer. 
Montague, George 221 

Maltsters. 

Fisher Bros. & Co 181 

Kam, John 191 

White & Crafts 247 

Manning, John B 75 

Meyer, J. 235 

Scbaeter & Bro 236 

Mantels— Marbleized Slate. 
Schwartz&Co 226 

Men's Furnishing Goods— Manufacturers. 
Exstein & Co 74 

Mercantile Association. 
Mercantile Ass'n of the United States (The). . 199 

Mills— Flour. 

Harvey & Henry 99 

National Globe Mills 119 

Urban & Co 184 

Mill Gearing— Manufacturers. 
Tifft, Geo. W., Sons & Co 84 

Monuments — Manufacturers. 
McDonnell & Sons 121 

Musical Goods — Importers. 
Kuhn, Charles & Co 148 

Musical Merchandise — Importers. 
Denton & Cottier 81 

Music Publishers. 
Denton & Cottier 81 

Mustard— Manufacturers. 
Gentsch, B. F. & Sons 123 

NATURAL GAS FUEL. 
Buffalo Natural Gas Fuel Co 215 

Newspaper. 
Buffalo Saturday Mercury (The) 208 

OILS— Lubricating— Manufacturers. 
Backus H. M. Oil Co 204 

Bitter & Kasson 196 

Oils— Refiners. 

Holmes & Adams 222 

Pease, F.S 192 

Opticians. 

Burnham, E. S., Dr 167 

Ullenbruch, J. H. & Co 144 

Organs and Pianos — Manufacturers. 
Hintermeister (The) Organ and Piano Co 188 

PAINTS, Oils, etc.— Wholesale. 
Georger, Frank L 120 

Post, John C 144 

Viergiver, Jacob 199 

Painters— House, Sign, etc. 

Kneis.John 183 

White, H. G 152 

Painters— Sign. 

Elsheimer, George 127 

Scott Sign Co 93 

Paper Box Manufacturers. 
Drescher, C. J. & Son 214 

Paper Hangings— Importers. 
Neupert, A. & Co 156 

Paper — Manufacturers' Agent. 
Bull, WilliamS 243 

Photographers. 

Bliss Bros 124 

Potter. John R 99 

Taft, O. A 101 

Van Norman, J. M 164 

Photographic Supplies. 
Tucker, David & Co 79 

Pianos. 

Denton & Cottier 81 

Kuhn, Charles & Co 148 

Moeller, Edward . 228 

Pickles— Packers. 
Gentsch, B. F. & Sons 123 

Picture Frames and Mouldings. 

Tucker, David & Co 79 

Tiflany, W. C 170 

Pisciculturist. 
Ambrose, Robert 222 



Plumbers, Gas and Steam Fitters. 

Irlbacker & Davis 107 

Portable Forges— Manufacturers. 

Star Machine Co 141 

Printers — Art. 

Matthews, Northrup & Co 173 

Printing Inks — Manufacturers. 

Buffalo Printing Ink Works 174 

Produce Commission. 

Lenhard, Louis A. & Co 79 

Richardson, Charles 131 

Produce — Wholesale. 

Johnson, Wallace 180 

Richardson, Charles 131 

Propeller Wheels— Manufacturers. 

Tifft, Geo. W., Sons & Co 84 

Publishers. 

Cosack & Co 95 

Quick Lime— Manufacturers. 

Ross, J. H 113 

Williamsville Quick Lime Co . ... 136 

KEAL ESTATE AGENTS. 
i Bork, Joseph 217 

Real Estate Brokers and Agents. 

Zink & Hatch 236 

Real Estate Dealers and Brokers. 

Hamilton, B. B. & Co 242 

Real Estate and Insurance. 

Bell, John A us 

Mahoney, T. J 115 

Mooney, James H4 

Refrigerators— Manufacturers. 

Buffalo Refrigerator Manufactory 208 

Heinz & Munschauer 120 

Registers, Ventilators, etc.— Manufacturers. 

Buffalo Register Works 142 

Restaurants. 

Swan-Street Caf6 212 

Riggers and Sailmakers. 

Baker. Howard H 78 

Rubber Goods— Dealers. 

Buffalo Rubber Co 210 

Rubber Goods — Manufacturers. 

Goodyear Rubber Co 150 

Rubbers — Wholesale. 

Walker, W. H 96 

SAND— Dealers. 
Fox & Holloway 217 

Sash, Blinds, etc. — Manufacturers. 

Jaeckel, Jacob 228 

Sewer Pipe — Agents. 

Ross, J. H 113 

Sewer Pipe, Tile, Terra Cotta, etc.— Manuf 'is. 

Lyth, J. & Sons 234 

Shipbuilders— Iron. 

Bell, David 175 

Ship Chandlers. 

Baker, Howard H. & Co 78 

Shirts— Manufacturers. 

Dunham, John C 168 

Farmer, M. E., Miss 182 

McClure. Bloeser & Eggert 138 

Queen City Shirt Co. ..'. 165 

Wendell, John & Son 116 

Silverware — Importers. 

Glenny. W. H., Sons & Co 87 

Slate Mantels. 

Empire Slate Mantel Works 212 

Schwartz & Co 226 

Soap Manufacturers. 

R. W. Bell Manufacturing Co. (The) 239 

Stamping Works. 

Shepard, Sidney & Co 211 

Stained Glass — Manufacturers. 

Booth & Riester Ill 

Steamboat and Engineers' Supplies — Manuf 'r. 

McCutcheon, Samuel .. 184 

Steam Engines — Manufacturers. 

Kehr & Duffy 193 

Tifft, Geo. W., Sons & Co 84 

Steam Engines and Locomotives— Manufact'rs. 

Bell, David 175 

Steam Forges. 

Gould & Stimson 258 

Stenographer.— Macnoe, George 244 






THE INDUSTRIES OF BUFFALO. 



School. 

ii. \\ Llllam H 189 

. i ' 

i Co 79 

Stock Farm 197 

Richmond, Jewett M 232 

. i a! 'ii- 1 1 • > i ->■■< and Cattle. 

Bownrd (1 "in 201 

-Dealers. 

Ambrose, Robert 822 

i' i; a n .'I'. 

Lime and Cement. 

Str:uib, Peter G 

- 

Buffalo Storage and Carting Co. 147 

-Manufacturers. 

Co-operative Stove Co 115 

Betel o. (The) 158 

- Retail. 

Hauck, Adam 103 

or and Engineer. 

125 

TOLORS— Custom. 
Schnlz, Fred 181 

Tailors Fashionable. 

nbers, Frank C. 200 

, Qus. i: 160 

importing. 

Baffa, .1. G.'s sous 134 

Laird A: Co 124 

Tailors— Merchant. 

Lightner & Goettel 229 

OVBrian&Sons 143 

ifer, F.J 183 

Tanm 

Bush & Howard 112 

Root & Keating 82 



rs.— Academy of Music 159 

Tin. shin- Machinery— Manufacturers. 

Pitts Agricultural Works 126 

Tobacco, I Hears, etc.— Wholesale. 

Winship, K. l. 182 

Tobacco and Cigarettes— Manufacturers. 

Davis & Brown 237 

Tricycles— Manufacturers. 

Buffalo Tricycle Co 145 

Trimmings— Manufacturer. 

Kyle, George M 159 

Type Writers — Manufacturer and Agent. 

Blocum, William H 189 

Yl : I Kl.MN \i;Y SURGEON. 
Claris John T , Dr 1S5 

WAGONMAKING and Blacksmithing. 
Coyle, James 195 

Wall Paper.— Clark & Allen 82 

Watchmakers and Jewelers. 

Schaefer, G. &J 172 

Whips— .Manufacturers. 

Bal er, S X- Co 107 

White Lead — Manufacturers. 

Cornell Lead Co 91 

Window and ['late Glass, etc. — Wholesale. 

Viergiver, Jacob 199 

Wines ami Liquors— Wholesale. 

1 leinold, Charles J 148 

Keller, Henry D 196 

Kerr. A. T. &Co 213 

Wiic Rigging and Tackle. 

Baker, Howard H. & Co 78 

Wooden Goods Manufacturers. 

Buffalo Novelty Wood Turning Co 237 

Woodworking Machinery— Manufacturers. 

star Machine Co 141 

Wood Vulcanizing. 

Buffalo Wood Vulcanizing Co. (The) 219 



ADVERTISERS' INDEX. 



A RCIIITECT. 
i\ Humble,F.W 263 

Attorneys. 

Baker & Schwartz 274 

Colgan, John II 271 

Axes— Manufacturers. 
Francis Axe Co (The) 270 

BATTING Manufacturers. 
Buffalo Batting Mills 269 

Bed and Foot Warmer. 

G. T. & Co 271 

Billiard Hall.— Slaght, D. A 271 

Importers and Dealers. 

Marquis, A. N. & Co 276 

Buttons— .Manufacturers. 

Shantz. Jacob Y. & Son 266 

i IASTINGS Manufacturers. 

' Shepard Hardware Co 275 

Commission Merchants— Grain. 

Wright, A. lv ,v Sou 273 

• i , Sheet Iron and Tin Works. 
Ruckel, •!. II. A: Co 272 

DRILL PRESSES. 
Sand, Paul 273 

FIRE EXTINGUISHERS. 
Wilson chemical Fire Extinguisher Co 267 

Flour— Manufact urers. 

Banm o 267 

Foundry.— Ketcnam, A. i; 274 

Furnisher anil Shirt Maker. 
Moore 265 

HARDWARE SPECIALTIE3— Manufacturers. 
pa rd Bard ware Co 275 

Heatlne and Ventilating Apparatus. 

Summerhays. C. K 274 

Manufacturers. 

Shepard Hardware Co 275 

TN8UKANCE AGENCY. 

1 Ball, Nathaniel & 8on 272 

Iron Works - -Howard Iron Works 270 

LDBRK \'I'IM. OIL— Manufacturers. 
Buffalo Lubricating Oil Co. (Limited) 268 



MEDICO-ELECTRIC INHALER. 
Burnham & Dunham 271 

NEWSPAPERS. 
Saturday Mercury (The) 270 

OYSTER HOUSE. 
Lutz, William O 268 

PANTS and Vests— Manufacturers. 
Superior Manufacturing Co 265 

Pattern and Model Maker. 

Colson, Fred A 272 

Photographers. 

Bliss Bros 265 

Nason & Son 264 

Printing. — Grant, the Printer 269 

Publishers.— Elstner Publishing Co. (The) .... 275 

RAILROAD. 
The Lackawan na Route 275 

Real Estate and Insurance. 

Thorn & Angell 268 

Real Estate Dealers and Brokers. 

Hamilton, I?. B. & Co 266 

Rough Leather — Manufacturers and Dealers. 

Mason, S. L. & Bro 272 

CHOW CASE Works. 

n Kruse, II W 682 

Sign Painter. — Elsheimer, George 273 

Stationers and Printers. 

Adams & White 270 

Steam Forge.— Gould & Stimson 274 

Stoves and Ranges. 

Swift and Stambach 272 

.Sugar, Rice and Coffee Machinery Manuf is. 

George L. Squier Manufacturing Co. (The)... 263 

I^YPE and Electrotype Founders. 
I ,\ man's N. Sons 272 

WATCHES, Clocks and Jewelry Dealer. 
Edwards, J S 274 

Watchmakers and Jewelers. 

Crissy&Co 273 

Wines, Liquors, etc. — Omphalius, George 269 

Wool and Sheep Leather Manufacturer. 
Strauss, M*.. 272 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 263 



^ W. HUMBLE, 



■>J> -0- *? ^ g)-> 1 



ARCHITECT. 



# FFI8E: ■ Suffafo, n $. 



ROOM \0 O^RMKU \US. WUVO. 



THE GEORGE L. SQUIER M'FG CO., 

SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THE 

American Sugar, Rice and Coffee Machinery. 

No, 53 Carroll Street, BUFFALO N Y 

UtW N <0R^Wm.tt0\}St,\Oi5WpatF,SV u. s. A. 

J. W. LEWIS & CO., • 

• • • WHOLESALE DEALERS IN • • • 

• Teas, Coffees and Spices, 



Fine Groceries, Etc., 

Nos. 558 AND 560 WASHINGTON STREET, 

BUFFALO, N. Y. 

P "V-g^ ._. - — ^ 

Manufacturers of Golden Crown Baking Powder aijd originators of Jug Mustard. 



2G4 



A D VER T 18 EM E NTS. 



G/Llcn&jJt 




NEW 




Cor. Main and Clinton Streets, 

OCCUPYING TWO ENTIRE FLOORS. COVERING AN AREA OF 11,000 SQUARE FEET, 
BEING THE LARGEST ESTABLISHMENT OF THE KIND IN THE STATE. 



o o o o 



We have the finest light, all the latest improvements, new instruments, experi- 
enced artists, and make strictly first-class work by the 



Which is far superior to the Old Style. 



@ 



o o o o 



laPP ar£b See ^ampPe of? ©y/oriC, ar^b beam £)riee£. 



o o o o 



MAIN STREET, No. 403, 

R $ $0R, Buffalo. 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 265 



R 



LISS BROS., 



Main. Street, 



COR. EAGLE, 



yt 



hstegraphers, - —^ 

.6) *} . ^G) ^-> 



XTERIOR AND INTERIOR VIEWS OF RESIDENCES, STORES, FACTORIES, ETC. 
' TAKEN AT SHORT NOTICE. • • • COMMERCIAL AND RAILWAY • • • 
• • PHOTOGRAPHING WILL RECEIVE OUR SPECIAL ATTENTION. • • . 



pRE : 



^ V kr $k n M 



THE FURNISHER AND SHIRT MAKER. 

\ Corgplefse Line of WJen'g Fitfnighing (Joorfg. 

ORDERS BY MAIL WILL RECEIVE PROMPT ATTENTION, 
315 Main Street, Buffalo, N. Y. 

Superior Manufacturing Co., 

• .MANUFACTURERS OF 

-FINE dA$IMEf(E pAMTg AtiD Ve£T$. 



~ ~ ~ FLANNEL SHIRTS AND OVERALLS. 



a. /s. a* 



Office and Fastor,y, • • 

-78 Pearl Street, • 



Henry Haenlein, 

Proprietor. 

17 



Buffalo, jN, Y. 



AD VERT1SEMENTS. 



B B HAMILTON. L. A. SMALLWOOD. 

B.B. Hamilton & Co., 



DEALERS AND BROKERS IN 



Real Estate. 



STOCKS, BONDS AND MORTGAGES NEGOTIATED. 
RENTS COLLECTED AND TAXES PAID. 



AGENTS FOR NON-RESIDENT LAND OWNERS. ABSTRACTS OF TITLE AND TAX 
SEARCHES FURNISHED PROMPTLY. 

No. 20 West Swan Street, Buffalo, N. Y. 

(see page 242.) 

J. Y. SHANTZ. D. B. SHANTZ. 



J 



ACOB Y. SHANTZ & SON, 



ANUFACTUREF.S OF 



M 

iV1 • • • • iJir^e Is'meik of? 



* * * a; r roMK * * * 



Battens 



Berlin, ont. 



RANCH FACTORY 



B' 

14 WELLS STREET, ^Y/ 

guffaPo, R. N/. 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



267 



fiMNERf MILLING I C0> 



© 

Proprietors of Banner Mills= 



Gi 



SUPERLATIVE, TP^ 
BEST, 
EXCELSIOR, 




gg ^B y\ N N E R ,[h> 
STELL/\, 
^m" ^BUFFy\LOI^ 



Capacity, 1,000 Barrels Per Day= 

@ 

Roller process. 



£) 



OFFICE, NOS. 204 AND 206 MAIN STREET, 

BUFFALO, ST« ¥» 




BUFFALO, 3SJ. "3T:, 

• ' • ^rrtrr o£ Ghemica l Fire Engines. 

Double Globe Engines. — To be drawn by Horses. Two Sizes. 

Double Globe Engines. — To be drawn by Men or Horses. Two Sizes. 

Single Globe Village Engines.— Three Sizes. 

Warehouse Engines. — For Factories, Stores, Oil Works, Warehouses, Halls, Public Buildings, 
Flour Mills, Cotton Mills, Saw Mills, etc. 

Portable Fire Extinguishers. — "Useful Everywhere," for Fire Departments, Public and 
Private Buildings, etc. 

Stationary Globes. — With Standpipe and Hose connections on every floor. Especially adapted 
for high buildings. 

Send for Descriptive Circular and Prices, or call at their office, Buffalo, N. T. 






.1 1> V HUT I SEME NTS. 



r B MATTHEWS President. HIBAH BENEDICT, Treasurer. 

DUFFALO LUBRICATING OIL CO. * 

P 1 LIMITED, 

OFFICE AND STORE, No. 55 Main St. WORKS, Elk St., 
-$ Boston Office, 30 Purchase St.~£- B U K K A L O, N. Y. 



REFINERS OF . 

Petroleum and its Products, 

indt r Oils and Stocks, Cur Oils, <(r. 



ILLUMINATING, LUBRICATING. 

Filtered and Leather Oils 

OF THE FINEST QUALITY. 



G. L. THORNE. 



B. P. ANGELL. 



-THORN E & ANGELL, 

Real Bstate^Insurance 

Rdditi 9, Nn, 2D2 Main Street, 

OFFICE HOURS, 10 TO 12. BUFF AIL Op ^dX* 



TELEPHONE No. 532. 



BUFFALO SHOW CASE ^ATOBKIS. 



IM Vltl SMII l» 1869. 



H. W. KRUSE, 



MANUFACTURER 

ALZi SIZES OT' 



?! SHOW* CASES 



In Metal, Celluloid, Walnut and Imitation Mahogany, &c. 
Roto. d©4 ar|b d©(§ ©aft <gi>eet, 6efa5een Sagfe arjb (sfinibn. 

A Complete and Full Assortment of SHOW CASES Constantly on Hand. 



o o o o 



WILLIAM O. LUTZ, 



o o o o 



PEOPBIETOB 



ROOKLYN OYS 



H 



V 



ous 



H 



OYSTERS SERVED IN ALL STYLES. 
No. 13 EAST MOHAWK STREET, 



Late of the Long Island Oyster 
and Clam Depot. 



^BUFFALO, N. Y. 



A D VER TISEMEN T S. 



2fi9 



(?'RT PRESERVATIVE 




M 



AIL ORDERS SOLICITED 



THE PRINTS " 
215 Main Street, BUFFALO 



"THE PRINTER" 

SAMPLES SENT FREE. BUFFALO. 



J. A. SCHRECK, PROPRIETOR 

OF THE 

UFFALO * * * 
ATTING= 





o o 



ESTABLISHED IN 1880. 

o o o 
214 Terrace, corner Mechanic St., BUFFALO, N. Y. 



M 



ILLS, 



MANUFACTURER OF 



COTTON B ATTING IN A LL GRADES 

The product of these mills is guaranteed unsurpassed in quality and finish. The 
mechauical equipment includes the latest and most improved machinery, with a capacity 
of Ten Thousand Batts daily. With the unrivaled shipping facilities from this city, 
better freight rates can tie secured to any point, especially in the West, than from any 
competitors in the cotton belt or elsewhere, consequently our prices defy competition. 

Send for our late Price List and Samples. 

Sales for 1886 about 2 000,000 Batts, weighing about 1,250,000 lbs., or 625 tons 

J. A. SCHRECK, Buffalo, N. Y. 



GEO. OMPHALIUS, 

IMPORTER AND WHOLESALE DEALER IN 

And URICA BITTERS. 
Sole Agency for the Famous 

Rob. Go. Bourbon and Silver Creek Rye, 

No. 367 Ellicott Street, 

Opp. Washington Market, BUFFALO, N. Y. 

TELEPHOXE No. 2311. 




270 



AD VER TISEMENTS. 



1B53 



-ESTABLISHED 



sKlarrj^ #©. ©ytpife 



1B5S 

SUCCESSORS TO 



^OUUCiAOC^WOOO kCO. 



J. HtftSt^ WY\V\<L 

Dmders and BLANK BOOK FRanufacturers 

209 & 211 MAIN ST., BUFFALO, N. Y. 

Book. Job, Railroad and Commercial Printing, 



The Saturday Mercury, 



AN EIGHT -PAGE WEEKLY PAPER 

S\vorn-to Circulation, 16.000 Copies per Week. 



SOLD IN EVERY VILLAGE WITHIN 500 MILES OF BUFFALO- 



Book and Job Printing of Every Description 

CJ,ST1MATES ON ALL CLASSES OF WORK CHEERFULLY GlVEN. 



W. J. McCAHILL, Prest. 
t- JOHN FISHER, Sec. & Treas. 




The Francis Axe Co. 



BUFFALO, N. Y. 



. ft EST AXE 



IN THE WORLD 



ORDER THE ALL-STEEL AXE. 



WRITE FOR ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE 
AND PRICE LIST. 



Howard ironworks, 

• • • BUFFALO, N. Y. 



Manufacturers of PATENTED 



for 



Safety Elevators, 

stores, hotels ■ 



MANUFACTORIES. 



AD V ERTISEMENTS. 



211 




THE WONDERFUL 

||edigo-Elegtrig Inhaler. 

A CERTAIN AND RADICAL CURE FOR 

CATARRH, HAY FEVER, WEAK EYES, NEURALGIA, 
NERVOUS HEADACHE, and CATARRHAL DEAFNESS. 



A PERFECT ANTIDOTE AND CURE FOR MALARIA. 



It is folly to dose the stomach for diseases of the air 
passages, throat and lungs, the rational treatment of which 
is by inhalation and the strengthening of the organs by a 
gentle current of electricity. Both of these essentials are 
provided for in the 

MEDICO-ELECTRIC INHALER 

above illustrated. The Inhalant is a newly discovered remedy, the only known and 
unfailing specific for the troubles named. The Inhaler itself is an elegant nickel 
plated receptacle, fitted with a screw-cap at the top and a screw-plug at the bottom, 
containing, besides an ingenious little battery, a sufficient supply of the inhalant to 
last a year. When exhausted it can be replenished at small expense. Four months of 
careful treatment will cure the worst case of Catarrh, and other diseases yield in a 
proportionately brief space of time. The Inhaler can be carried in the pocket without 
inconvenience, is neat and clean, and the treatment rather pleasant than otherwise. 

PATENTED AND MANUFACTURED BY 

BURNHANt & DUNHAM, 

390 Main Street and 62 Niagara Street, BUFFALO, N. Y. 

PRICE, $10.00. Sent by Mail or Express on receipt of price. 

DUN HAM'S^ 

BED AND FOOT WARMER. 

( PA.TENT -A.IFIE'IJ^EID IFOZR.) f\ 

The accompanying cut presents a view of this latest 
and best device for the warming of beds and feet and the 
application of disinfectants. As a bed warmer it is 
simply filled with hot water, placed under the covers, 
and requires no further attention. It is a gratifying 
luxury to the sick, and a comfort to those who suffer with 
night chills and cold feet. It is also of inestimable val ue 
to physicians and others who are compelled to drive 
long distances in cold weather. It is made of planished 
copper or brass ( as preferred ), will hold about four 
quarts, and retains heat for a long time. In the center 
is a well or chamber provided with a screw-cap, which 
may be filled with disinfectants, from which they are 

rapidly and thoroughly disseminated, purifying the A; . 

i j .., °. i j . . , iu c i ° infectant Chamber. Capacity, Four 

beds or rooms of the sick, destroying unhealthful germs, Quarts. 

and preventing the spread of infectious diseases. 

WALBRIDGE & CO., Gen'l Agt's for Buffalo and Vicinity, 

317, 3i9 and 3:1 Washington St., BUFFALO, N. Y. 

Address, G. T. EVANS & CO., 60 NIAGARA ST., BUFFALO, N. Y. 




-Entrance for Hot Water. B — Dis- 






A D I HRTISEMENTS. 



Nathaniel Hall <^ Son, 

Bvmtu-o General Insurance t^uc^. 

FIRE, LIFE and ACCIDENT 

$ Insurance. * 

FI^ST-eiy\SS GO.'S REPRESENTED 



ROOM 8, HAYEN BUILDING. 

S. W. Corner Main and Seneca Streets, 



N. LYMAN'S SONS, 

Type and Electrotype Founders, 

36 WEST SENEGA STREET, 

BUFFALO, N. Y. 
"TYPE and Wood Type from all other 
Factories and Foundries at as low rates 



as any other House. 

Printing Presses and Machinery 
of all kinds. • • Terms, Net Cash. 




• SWIFT \ SIMBP 

• Proprietors Buffalo Branch • 

Michigan $feoVe Co., 

109 and 111 EAST SENECA ST., 

Tttt VKRGtST KHO MOST COMPVWt \_\Nt OV 

- - Stoves, Ranges, - - 
- - - IN BUFFALO. - - - 



J. II. RUCKEL & CO. 

(successors to Geo. W. Shaw), 

Cop] ter^Sheet I ron and Tin Works 

PLUMBING, GAS AND STEAM FITTING. 

QtM.iRS \N BRkSS G000S. \R0U P\PE t^NO m "UUGS. 
Engineers' and Machinists' Supplies. 

Pumps of all descriptions. Hemp and Rubber Packing, 

BELTING AND HOSE. 

tim. mi 81 Main St., Buffalo, N.Y. 

Steamboat, Elevator, Distillery, Brewery, Tannery, 
Halt House and Sugar House Work a Specialty. 

FRED. A. ("OLSON, 



Pattern* Modeller, 



COR. CHICAGO AND GRANGER STS., 

HO'//-ARD IROJM WORKS BUILDING, 

BUFFALO. N. Y. 



S. L. Mason. 



B. F. Mason. 



S. L. MASOH k BRO, 

JVIANUFACTURERS AND DEALERS IJM 

pough feather, 

mSALTEDtSHEEP+SKINStANDtWOOL,^ 

210 SCOTT STREET, 

Adjoining Amkrican Grape Sugar Works, 

BUFFALO, N. V. 

Cash Paid for Hides, Calf and Sheep Skins. 



M. STRAUSS. 



GF.ORGE STRAUSS. 



M. STRAUSS, 



MANUFACTURER OF 



JMP-LIATHER 

781 William Street, 

Buffalo, N.Y. 



AD VERT1SEMENTS. 



273 




WILL REMOVE IN APRIL TO NO. 335 WASHINGTON ST. 



Paul Sand, 

MANUFACTURER OF 

Drill Presse s, 

No. 33 Washington Street, 



TWYYS \ROH NNOR^S <e>\l\VO\NG. 



ALFRED P. WRIGHT. ALBKRT J. WRIGHT, 

A. P. Wright & Son, 

Commission Merchants 



In Stocks, Bonds, Grain, Provisions 
• and Petroleum, • 

eeBUFFALQ, N. Y.= 



0U6Ml <£ 0o. } ,s " 



ccessors lo F. E. Parsons and Castle & Stone, 

AT D. B. CASTLE'S OLD STAND,) 




tchmnK 



s$8 




CEalErs in Grnld and SilvEr WatchEs, SilvErwarE, 

niamnndsj Etc, 

~4 Repairing a Specialty. ^11 Work Promptly Done and Warranted.^ 

IWo. 179 MATTV SIVEtEJDT, -^R/Tf'falf) N Y fe- 

TWO DOORS ABOVE EXCHANGE STREET, ^ UU I l alu ' bl * * • ~ 






AD VERTISEMENTS. 



J. S. EDWARDS, 
p*M-«"« Watches, Clocks 

— AND— 

■ • • TEWELHT ■ • • 

No. 213 MAIN STREET, 



BUFFALO, N. Y. 



■+■ 



Walcljes. Clocks, Etc. , Repaired and Warranted. 

C- K. SUMMERHAYS, 

Stea::: and Water 
Hi, ■: : til ig ^> Yen tih : zing 
Apparatus, 

226 PEARL ST., BUFFALO, N. Y. 



Tt\.t?rtOHt296. Formerly E. H. CookCo., Limited. 

A. R. KETCHAM, 

IFXLIjIMIOIRIE -A/VZEJnTTJJE 

Foundry, 

OFFICE, 389 WASHINGTON STREET, 

BUFFALO, X. Y. 



it ■■■ it'll. -un -. Stop Yalre Boxes for Street Water Plains and 

Service Pipe. 

Castings of all kinds furnished promptly, at 

reasonable rates. 



D. A. SLAGHT, 


-^American Billiard HallN- 


394 Main St., 


BUFFALO, N. Y. 


<JJoftn <H. dofgan, 


Counselor at Law, 


Buffalo, jm. Y. 


ROOM \~\. 
404 MjMN STREET. 


LAW OFFICES 


BAKER & SCHWARTZ, 


ROOMS 30--33 


I=C^. - 2"S3ST !BTTIXj^iII^Ta-, 


COR. MAIN AND SENECA STS., 


BUFFALO, N. Y. 



CHARLES A. GOULD. 



HENRY B. STIMSON. 




BUFFALO STEAM FORGE: 




LOCOMOTIVE & CAR AXLES. 



■ Office ; 24 Hayen Building. • 
Works ; Across Ohio St. Bridge. 



UFFALO, IS* Y. 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 275 



Chas. G. Shepard. Established in 1866 by John D. Shepard. Waltbr J. Shepard. 



Sliepard Hardware Co. 



MAMMOTH FOUNDRY 



HARDWARE .SPECIALTIES. 



S^ 2 <§• 

OFFICE AND WORKS: 

• • Foundry Floor, 300x265 Feet. • • • Oi irrAI A M \S 

* ■ '■ ■ MlTij Building Covers about 3>^ Acres. • • DUrrMLU, IN. T . 

Delaware, Ly\©KAWAjMj\iA y\ND Western Railroad Go. 



The Shortest Line— Buffalo to New York and Philadelphia. 



Smoothest Track, Quickest Time, Finest Scenery 



Pullman Sleeping, Buffet and Drawing-Room Carson all through trains 
The Only Line via the Famous Water Gap. 

W. F. HALLSTEAD, W. F. HOLWILL, IRA S. BEERS, 

General Manager, General Passenger Agent, Western Passenger Agent, 

Scranton, Pa. 26 Exchange Place, New York. n Exchange St., Buffalo, N. Y. 



The El^qei 1 publigjjing So. 



(Successors to J. M. Elstner & Co.) 

Jr/e jndustries of JSan francisco, fjalifornia. 
^ Jr/e Industries of flew Prieans, Louisiana. 

-K^ Tfye Industries of jbt. ^ouis, Missouri. 

<\^^ ; J^ e Industries of Minneapolis, /Minnesota. 

\^ /[ J^e Industries of L-ouisvilie, Kentucky. 

Jr/e Industries of Buffalo, J^ew York. 



A 1> V BR TI SEMEN T8. 

BOOKS BY MAIL. BOOKS BY MAIL^ 

A. X. MARQUIS & CO. 

214, 216 and 218 S. Clark Street. CHICAGO, III. 

Publishers, Importers and Booksellers 

HEADQUARTERS FOR SUPPLIES FOR 

SINGERS, ELOCUTIONISTS, ACTORS, PUBLIC SPEAKERS, 

CATALOGUES SENT | YTOTf7T7 PT C T7 T^ C ( cflTflL0GUES SEN T 
ON APPLICATION. \ V Ull^Ll UA^/LArV^S) * ON APPLICATION. 

ATSrg" BOOK OZET 

ELOCUTION, ORATORY, STUTTERING, SIAMMERING, EXPRESSION, VOCAL PHYSIOLOGY 

and HYGIENE, VOICE PRODUCTION, SINGING, ACTING, VISIBLE SPEECH, 

ARTICULATION-TEACHING OF THE DEAF, ACTING-PLAYS, Etc. 

ANY BOOK, AMERICAN OR FOREIGN, NOT IN STOCK, WILL BE PROMPTLY 
SECURED. BOOKS IMPORTED" IN SHORTEST TIME. 



BOOKS SENT BY MAIL TO ANY ADDRESS. 

FOR TEAGHEF{S \Z 



zb::\ books for teachers \ c :::ez 



-ALL BOOKS OUST 

THE SCIENCE AND ART OF TEACHING, PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION, PRIMARY EDUCATION. THE 

KINDERGARTEN, MENTAL and MORAL PHILOSOPHY, WORKS OF REFERENCE, DIALOGUES, 

SPEAKERS, ACTING-PLAYS, Etc. 

Persons interested in any of the above subjects are requested to send for Catalogues and Circulars. 



A. N. MARQUIS & CO. PUBLISHERS, 

Nos. 214 to 218 S. Clark St., CHICAGO, ILL. 



JOSEPH BORK. HENRY H. VOGHT. 

Joseph Bork's 
Real t^stat^ apd • 

NQ. 365 WAIN STREET, 

BUFFALO, N. Y. 



S. W. Corner Eagle Street, 

Opposite "The Richmond," 



Suburban Building Sites a Specialty 

ALONG THE BELT LINE RAILWAY. 

ffioneij Advanced for 1 Building firtpo^ 

ON LONG TIME AND EASY PAYMENTS. 

Investments Made for Non-Residents. 



_A. O- E 1ST C TT IF O IE2, 

AMERICAN INSURANCE CO., - Newark, N. J. 

PHCENIX INSURANCE CO., - - Brooklyn, N. Y. 

LONDON ASSURANCE CORPORATION, England. 

(See Page 217.) 



Z.9 



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PHILADELPHIA 
: ^UR.GH- 

HARTFORD • 

BOSTON- 
. 

TORONTO- 



• 



jOMPLere,,-! fc 



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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



014 205 369 A # 



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